The document summarizes India's intellectual property laws. It outlines that India's patent system originated from the 1856 Act of Protection of Inventions and the 1872 Patents and Designs Protection Act. The key IP laws currently in India are the Indian Patent Act of 1970, the Indian Patent and Designs Act of 1958, and the Copyright Act of 1957 as amended in 1999. The document then provides details on patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, geographical indications, and designs including requirements, duration of protection, and registration processes in India. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of IPR and concludes that IPR provides opportunities for innovation and economic development while also raising some competition issues.

4.  Act of Protection of Inventions in 1856 .
 Patents and Designs Protection Act in
1872.
The currently operative patents act :-
 Indian Patent Act (1970)
 Indian Patent & Design Act(1958)
 The Copyright Act(1957) but amended in
1999.

5.  PATENTS
 COPYRIGHT
 TRADEMARKS
 TRADE SECRET
 GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS
 DESIGNS

6.  A Patent is a right granted by the
Government to an inventor to exclude others
from imitating, manufacturing, using or
selling the invention of creator during
specified period.
PATENT REQUIREMENTS :-
o Novelty
o Inventiveness
o Industrial application & usefulness
o Patentability
o Disclosure

7.  A inventor files a properly prepared application to
the patenting office in India.
 If the application along with details is suitable then it
is published for the information of all, in INDIA, this
is done for 18 months.
 Anyone who wishes to challenge the award of patent
can do within 4 months in India.
 If patent application is not challenged, then the
patent is awarded immediately .

8.  Copyright is a legal term describing rights
given to creators for their literary &
artistic works.
ITS IMPORTANCE
 Respect intellectual rights of creators of
information
 Reward creativity of
authors, artists, musicians, etc.
 Legal mandate

9. Copyright in a literary
work, lasts for the-
 Author’s lifetime + 50
years from the end of
the calendar year in
which the author dies.
 50 years for films and
sound recordings.
 25 years for
typographical
arrangements of a
published edition.

10. ‡ A trademark is a distinctive
word, name, phrase, symbol, design, or other
device used by a company or person to
distinguish its goods or services from other
companies.
 India has a Trade Marks Act, 1999.
 Only the owner of a trade mark may file an
application for its registration.
 A mark is initially registered at National level
i.e called “basic registration” , then only the
person can transmit the request for
international filling, w/c is WIPO.

11. Trade marks
Name
Logotype
Symbol
Slogan
Shape
Color

12.  Here the organization owning an intellectual property
does not disclose the property to any one & keeps it as
secret to promote his business interest, it is called trade
secret.
ADVANTAGES :
 They are for unlimited duration.
 Risk of someone improving upon
the product is minimized.

13.  GI is a name or sign used on certain products
which corresponds to a specific geographical
location or origin (e.g. a town, region, or
country)
 This is a way of protecting a country’s
biodiversity assets w/c are unique to certain
geographical location in the country &
accepted in terms of quality & traits.
 Eg: Nagpur's orange, Darjeeling tea, etc

14.  It means features of shape, pattern, etc applied to
an article or an object.
 The features are conceived in the authors
intellect, he gives those idea as a pictorial form or as
a specimen or model.
 In India, The Design Act,2000 is obeyed.
TO QUALIFY FOR REGISTRATION, THE
DESIGN MUST BE:-
 Be a new or original design &
 Not have been previously published in India.

15. YEARS RENEWABLE
Patents 15-20 No
Trade marks 6-10 Yes
Designs 6-10 Yes
Copyright
50
after death
No

16.  It encourages intellectual & artistic
creations.
 It provides consumers with the results
of creations & inventions.
 It provides increased opportunities for
the industrial & economical development.
 It encourages R&D efforts.
 Spread new ideas.

17.  IPR has encouraged monopolies.
 The IPR situations may sometimes
difficult to handle.
 It is perceived by many as a threat to
food security.
 It may be detrimental to the livelihood
of the poor in developing countries.

18.  The Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
provide us bundles of new opportunities &
exclusive rights , which attracts us
towards innovative ideas.

19. 1) Biotechnology Expanding Horizons
by B. D SINGH, page no.850-865.
2) Plant biotechnology by h. s
chawla, page no.626-635.
3) Google.com, Wikipedia
4) Certain research papers on IPR