This document discusses types and sources of solid waste and characteristics of water pollution. It describes different types of solid waste generated from residential, commercial, industrial and other sources. Key solid waste characteristics discussed include particle size, moisture content, density, field capacity, and chemical composition. The document also classifies different types of water pollutants and discusses various physical characteristics of water quality including temperature, color, taste, odor, turbidity, solids, inorganic minerals, pH and alkalinity.
Solid Waste Management: characterization by Muhammad Ikram B A Wahabkyoikram
The document discusses the properties and composition of municipal solid waste (MSW). It provides details on:
1) The typical composition of MSW can vary significantly between regions, with food waste accounting for 20-80% in Southeast Asian cities. Moisture content in collected MSW in the US is typically 10-40%.
2) MSW has physical, chemical, and biological properties that are important to consider for waste management systems. This includes specifics on moisture content, density, element composition, energy content, and degradability.
3) Special wastes that require separate handling include bulky items, electronics, yard waste, batteries, oils, and medical waste. The composition of MSW depends
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes the different types of solid waste including municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste, and hazardous waste. It outlines the various sources of solid waste such as residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural. The document describes the characteristics of solid waste including moisture content, density, particle size, and chemical composition. It also discusses the factors that affect the generation rate of solid waste and the functional elements and methods for managing and disposing of solid waste.
This document discusses the characteristics of municipal solid waste. It begins by classifying solid waste based on characteristics such as organic vs inorganic waste and sources such as house waste, street waste, and construction waste. It then discusses the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of waste in detail including properties like density, moisture content, size, permeability, porosity, and composition. The document emphasizes the importance of analyzing waste characteristics for effective management and highlights waste segregation as crucial for recycling, health, and the environment.
Solid waste management is an important issue in many Indian cities. Solid waste is defined as all waste arising from human and animal activities that is normally solid and discarded. It consists of organic and inorganic materials. The composition of solid waste varies between countries and changes over time. Solid waste has negative impacts on human health such as chemical poisoning, diseases, and odor pollution. It also harms the environment by releasing greenhouse gases, contaminating soil and water, and causing visual pollution. Solid waste is classified based on its source such as residential, commercial, and industrial. It can also be classified based on its type such as garbage, ashes, combustible materials, and hazardous wastes. The sources and types of solid waste are described. The
This document discusses the types and management of solid wastes generated from mining and construction activities (MCL), including overburden, hazardous wastes, batteries, e-waste, and biomedical waste. It outlines the relevant legal provisions for handling each type of waste. Key waste streams include top soil, iron and metal scraps, oil and rubber wastes, lead-acid batteries, electronic waste, and treatment plant sludge. The document discusses proper handling and disposal of overburden, and reclamation of mined land. It provides details on authorizations and record-keeping required for various wastes under applicable waste management rules.
Bioresource and waste management, utilizing biological resources, opting for various process for recycling them on to a large scale which can be a boon to society for human welfare.
The document discusses hazardous wastes and their characteristics. It defines hazardous waste as any waste that poses a threat to human health or the environment due to its physical, chemical, or toxic properties. Some key points made in the document include:
- Hazardous wastes are identified based on lists provided by government agencies or if they exhibit characteristics like ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.
- Characteristics that make a solid waste hazardous include flammability, toxicity, reactivity, infectiousness, radioactivity, and corrosiveness.
- Waste exchange and industrial symbiosis aim to reduce waste by allowing one industry's waste to be used as a resource in another industry's
Solid Waste Management: characterization by Muhammad Ikram B A Wahabkyoikram
The document discusses the properties and composition of municipal solid waste (MSW). It provides details on:
1) The typical composition of MSW can vary significantly between regions, with food waste accounting for 20-80% in Southeast Asian cities. Moisture content in collected MSW in the US is typically 10-40%.
2) MSW has physical, chemical, and biological properties that are important to consider for waste management systems. This includes specifics on moisture content, density, element composition, energy content, and degradability.
3) Special wastes that require separate handling include bulky items, electronics, yard waste, batteries, oils, and medical waste. The composition of MSW depends
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes the different types of solid waste including municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste, and hazardous waste. It outlines the various sources of solid waste such as residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural. The document describes the characteristics of solid waste including moisture content, density, particle size, and chemical composition. It also discusses the factors that affect the generation rate of solid waste and the functional elements and methods for managing and disposing of solid waste.
This document discusses the characteristics of municipal solid waste. It begins by classifying solid waste based on characteristics such as organic vs inorganic waste and sources such as house waste, street waste, and construction waste. It then discusses the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of waste in detail including properties like density, moisture content, size, permeability, porosity, and composition. The document emphasizes the importance of analyzing waste characteristics for effective management and highlights waste segregation as crucial for recycling, health, and the environment.
Solid waste management is an important issue in many Indian cities. Solid waste is defined as all waste arising from human and animal activities that is normally solid and discarded. It consists of organic and inorganic materials. The composition of solid waste varies between countries and changes over time. Solid waste has negative impacts on human health such as chemical poisoning, diseases, and odor pollution. It also harms the environment by releasing greenhouse gases, contaminating soil and water, and causing visual pollution. Solid waste is classified based on its source such as residential, commercial, and industrial. It can also be classified based on its type such as garbage, ashes, combustible materials, and hazardous wastes. The sources and types of solid waste are described. The
This document discusses the types and management of solid wastes generated from mining and construction activities (MCL), including overburden, hazardous wastes, batteries, e-waste, and biomedical waste. It outlines the relevant legal provisions for handling each type of waste. Key waste streams include top soil, iron and metal scraps, oil and rubber wastes, lead-acid batteries, electronic waste, and treatment plant sludge. The document discusses proper handling and disposal of overburden, and reclamation of mined land. It provides details on authorizations and record-keeping required for various wastes under applicable waste management rules.
Bioresource and waste management, utilizing biological resources, opting for various process for recycling them on to a large scale which can be a boon to society for human welfare.
The document discusses hazardous wastes and their characteristics. It defines hazardous waste as any waste that poses a threat to human health or the environment due to its physical, chemical, or toxic properties. Some key points made in the document include:
- Hazardous wastes are identified based on lists provided by government agencies or if they exhibit characteristics like ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.
- Characteristics that make a solid waste hazardous include flammability, toxicity, reactivity, infectiousness, radioactivity, and corrosiveness.
- Waste exchange and industrial symbiosis aim to reduce waste by allowing one industry's waste to be used as a resource in another industry's
Wastes prevention; classification, handling and control measuresJudith Kobusingye
The document discusses waste classifications, handling, and control measures. It defines different types of waste including municipal, hazardous, biomedical, and special hazardous waste. It also discusses liquid and solid waste types and classifications. The document outlines proper waste storage, transportation, and the waste management hierarchy. It emphasizes waste prevention through reduction, reuse, and proper handling and storage. Mitigation measures discussed include regulations, education, energy recovery, and segregation of incompatible wastes.
The document discusses industrial waste management. It defines industrial waste and notes that it can contaminate the environment if not properly disposed of. Some effective strategies for management include reducing, reusing, recycling and recovering wastes. Developing eco-industrial parks where companies cooperate to share resources and reduce waste is also discussed as an approach. Case studies provide examples of industrial symbiosis where one industry's waste is used as a resource for another.
This document presents waste minimization techniques. It discusses the different types of waste, waste management methods like the 5 R's, and waste treatment and disposal methods such as composting, incineration, landfilling, pyrolysis and recycling. It then describes waste minimization and waste reduction techniques including inventory management, production process modification, volume reduction and recovery. The conclusion states that as population rises, more waste is generated which needs proper management to prevent health hazards.
The document discusses waste minimization and management. It defines waste and different types of waste like e-waste, iron waste, and bio-waste. It explains that waste minimization aims to reduce waste at its source and encourages reuse, recycling, and recovery. Various techniques can be used to minimize waste including modifying processes, improving resource efficiency, and reducing unnecessary materials and packaging. Proper waste management has environmental and economic benefits such as lower disposal costs and reduced environmental impacts.
Segragation, Storage and Disposal of Domestic & Industrial Solid Waste at all...Aritro Mukherjee
This document discusses the segregation, storage, and disposal of industrial solid wastes at ALU sites. It outlines that wastes should be separated by nature and stored separately, such as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, recyclable, hazardous, and clinical wastes. Non-biodegradable waste is further divided into recyclable, hazardous/toxic, and biomedical/clinical categories. The document also specifies color coding for waste storage bins and provides disposal methods for each waste category, such as incineration for hazardous and clinical wastes, and municipal collection for biodegradable and recyclable wastes.
Industrial waste management principles and practices
The document discusses principles and practices for industrial waste management, including reduce, reuse, recycle, treatment, and disposal. It provides examples of each, such as redesigning products to use fewer materials, extending product lifespan, recycling scrap metal, and using deep injection wells for frack waste disposal. The overall aim is to explore solutions for industrial waste and implement waste management systems and principles in organizations.
Municipal solid waste contains a wide variety of materials from both domestic and commercial sources. As India's urban population grows, the amount of municipal solid waste generated is projected to increase dramatically. Effective management of municipal solid waste involves reducing, recycling, composting, landfilling, and converting waste to energy. Current waste management practices in most Indian cities are unsustainable and will need to incorporate more stakeholder participation going forward.
Industrial waste management a case study (itc ltd. kolkata)Niladri Roy
This document discusses waste management practices at an ITC Ltd. cigarette manufacturing facility in Kolkata. It outlines the cigarette manufacturing process and the various wastes generated. These wastes pose environmental and health risks if not properly managed. The factory currently collects, stores, and sells recyclable wastes to vendors. It also discharges liquid wastes and uses solid food wastes as animal feed. The document proposes alternative waste treatment methods like biodegradation, composting, and using tobacco waste to improve crop yields and nutrition.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and categorizes it into urban waste, industrial waste, and hazardous waste. Improper management of solid waste can lead to pollution and health issues. The objective of solid waste management is to minimize these environmental and health impacts through practices like waste segregation, collection, transportation, reuse, treatment, and disposal. Thermal treatments like incineration and landfills are common disposal methods.
The document discusses various topics related to solid waste management:
1. Solid waste is classified based on its source and physical nature, such as residential waste, commercial waste, and garbage.
2. Methods for treating solid waste are described, including open dumps, landfills, composting, anaerobic digestion, vermicomposting, and incineration.
3. The processes of composting and anaerobic digestion are explained, involving different microorganisms and stages of decomposition.
Waste management involves engineering, economic, and management techniques to minimize waste. There are various types of waste categorized by their properties and origins. Common waste management methods include reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, incineration, and landfilling. Recycling processes waste materials physically or biologically. Waste handling and transport systems collect domestic waste. Key concepts guiding waste management are the waste hierarchy prioritizing reduction, and the polluter pays principle where waste generators pay for appropriate disposal.
Basic information on waste management system and the various type of waste and the disposal methods. few requirement to start the waste management company is discussed. also practical challenges were explain with points in the slide
Each household produces 681kg of waste per year. South Australia’s landfills create 60 million cubic metres of landfill airspace. The state is one of the best at recycling and manages to divert 65% recyclable from the landfill. One of the major challenge for recycling is competing with landfills. Cheap landfill costs, disposal contract and global warming are the current crisis issues for waste in South Australia.
This document discusses various topics related to conservation, waste reduction, and waste management. It covers the definitions of conservation and waste minimization. It then discusses the positives and negatives of incineration, recycling, and landfills for waste management. It also discusses some solutions for conservation and waste management at the local, national, and global levels. Finally, it discusses some specific initiatives and successes in waste management and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) in India.
The document discusses various types of waste and waste management methods. It describes hazardous waste as highly toxic waste and non-hazardous waste as other municipal and household waste. Various disposal methods are discussed, including landfills, incineration, recycling, biological reprocessing, and energy recovery from waste.
Solid and hazardous waste management involves the storage, collection, transport, recycling and disposal of various types of waste. There are three main types of solid waste - household waste, industrial waste, and biomedical waste. Waste management aims to follow the 3Rs of reduce, reuse and recycle. Key solid waste disposal methods include dumping, controlled tipping/sanitary landfills, and incineration.
talk on waste management & recovery by sailesh khawaniSailesh Khawani
The document discusses various types of waste and techniques for waste management. It describes municipal solid waste as consisting of biodegradable, recyclable, inert, and hazardous components. Key waste management techniques include landfilling, incineration, and recycling. Landfilling involves burying waste but can cause environmental issues, while incineration converts waste into ash but is more common where land is scarce. Recycling reprocesses materials to reduce consumption of raw materials and pollution.
This document discusses different types of solid waste and solid waste management techniques. It describes various categories of solid waste like kitchen waste, e-waste, and plastic waste. It then explains key concepts in solid waste management like reducing, reusing, recycling, collection, transportation, and disposal. The document also summarizes different treatment and disposal methods for solid waste including incineration, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and provides examples. Municipal solid waste is the most common and includes household trash, construction debris, and other discarded materials from residential sources. The document outlines the solid waste management process, which involves collecting, transporting, treating, analyzing, and disposing of waste. It notes that improper waste management can cause pollution and disease. The document also discusses waste characteristics like composition, moisture content, and heating value to understand how wastes behave and can be processed. Source separation of wastes into categories like wet, dry, and hazardous is important for effective management.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and provides classifications of municipal solid waste including garbage, rubbish, ashes, demolition waste, and more. It also describes hazardous waste. The document outlines the key components of solid waste management systems including waste identification and minimization, collection, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, energy recovery, and disposal. It provides details on collection services and discusses processing and disposal methods like compaction, incineration, and landfilling.
Wastes prevention; classification, handling and control measuresJudith Kobusingye
The document discusses waste classifications, handling, and control measures. It defines different types of waste including municipal, hazardous, biomedical, and special hazardous waste. It also discusses liquid and solid waste types and classifications. The document outlines proper waste storage, transportation, and the waste management hierarchy. It emphasizes waste prevention through reduction, reuse, and proper handling and storage. Mitigation measures discussed include regulations, education, energy recovery, and segregation of incompatible wastes.
The document discusses industrial waste management. It defines industrial waste and notes that it can contaminate the environment if not properly disposed of. Some effective strategies for management include reducing, reusing, recycling and recovering wastes. Developing eco-industrial parks where companies cooperate to share resources and reduce waste is also discussed as an approach. Case studies provide examples of industrial symbiosis where one industry's waste is used as a resource for another.
This document presents waste minimization techniques. It discusses the different types of waste, waste management methods like the 5 R's, and waste treatment and disposal methods such as composting, incineration, landfilling, pyrolysis and recycling. It then describes waste minimization and waste reduction techniques including inventory management, production process modification, volume reduction and recovery. The conclusion states that as population rises, more waste is generated which needs proper management to prevent health hazards.
The document discusses waste minimization and management. It defines waste and different types of waste like e-waste, iron waste, and bio-waste. It explains that waste minimization aims to reduce waste at its source and encourages reuse, recycling, and recovery. Various techniques can be used to minimize waste including modifying processes, improving resource efficiency, and reducing unnecessary materials and packaging. Proper waste management has environmental and economic benefits such as lower disposal costs and reduced environmental impacts.
Segragation, Storage and Disposal of Domestic & Industrial Solid Waste at all...Aritro Mukherjee
This document discusses the segregation, storage, and disposal of industrial solid wastes at ALU sites. It outlines that wastes should be separated by nature and stored separately, such as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, recyclable, hazardous, and clinical wastes. Non-biodegradable waste is further divided into recyclable, hazardous/toxic, and biomedical/clinical categories. The document also specifies color coding for waste storage bins and provides disposal methods for each waste category, such as incineration for hazardous and clinical wastes, and municipal collection for biodegradable and recyclable wastes.
Industrial waste management principles and practices
The document discusses principles and practices for industrial waste management, including reduce, reuse, recycle, treatment, and disposal. It provides examples of each, such as redesigning products to use fewer materials, extending product lifespan, recycling scrap metal, and using deep injection wells for frack waste disposal. The overall aim is to explore solutions for industrial waste and implement waste management systems and principles in organizations.
Municipal solid waste contains a wide variety of materials from both domestic and commercial sources. As India's urban population grows, the amount of municipal solid waste generated is projected to increase dramatically. Effective management of municipal solid waste involves reducing, recycling, composting, landfilling, and converting waste to energy. Current waste management practices in most Indian cities are unsustainable and will need to incorporate more stakeholder participation going forward.
Industrial waste management a case study (itc ltd. kolkata)Niladri Roy
This document discusses waste management practices at an ITC Ltd. cigarette manufacturing facility in Kolkata. It outlines the cigarette manufacturing process and the various wastes generated. These wastes pose environmental and health risks if not properly managed. The factory currently collects, stores, and sells recyclable wastes to vendors. It also discharges liquid wastes and uses solid food wastes as animal feed. The document proposes alternative waste treatment methods like biodegradation, composting, and using tobacco waste to improve crop yields and nutrition.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and categorizes it into urban waste, industrial waste, and hazardous waste. Improper management of solid waste can lead to pollution and health issues. The objective of solid waste management is to minimize these environmental and health impacts through practices like waste segregation, collection, transportation, reuse, treatment, and disposal. Thermal treatments like incineration and landfills are common disposal methods.
The document discusses various topics related to solid waste management:
1. Solid waste is classified based on its source and physical nature, such as residential waste, commercial waste, and garbage.
2. Methods for treating solid waste are described, including open dumps, landfills, composting, anaerobic digestion, vermicomposting, and incineration.
3. The processes of composting and anaerobic digestion are explained, involving different microorganisms and stages of decomposition.
Waste management involves engineering, economic, and management techniques to minimize waste. There are various types of waste categorized by their properties and origins. Common waste management methods include reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, incineration, and landfilling. Recycling processes waste materials physically or biologically. Waste handling and transport systems collect domestic waste. Key concepts guiding waste management are the waste hierarchy prioritizing reduction, and the polluter pays principle where waste generators pay for appropriate disposal.
Basic information on waste management system and the various type of waste and the disposal methods. few requirement to start the waste management company is discussed. also practical challenges were explain with points in the slide
Each household produces 681kg of waste per year. South Australia’s landfills create 60 million cubic metres of landfill airspace. The state is one of the best at recycling and manages to divert 65% recyclable from the landfill. One of the major challenge for recycling is competing with landfills. Cheap landfill costs, disposal contract and global warming are the current crisis issues for waste in South Australia.
This document discusses various topics related to conservation, waste reduction, and waste management. It covers the definitions of conservation and waste minimization. It then discusses the positives and negatives of incineration, recycling, and landfills for waste management. It also discusses some solutions for conservation and waste management at the local, national, and global levels. Finally, it discusses some specific initiatives and successes in waste management and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) in India.
The document discusses various types of waste and waste management methods. It describes hazardous waste as highly toxic waste and non-hazardous waste as other municipal and household waste. Various disposal methods are discussed, including landfills, incineration, recycling, biological reprocessing, and energy recovery from waste.
Solid and hazardous waste management involves the storage, collection, transport, recycling and disposal of various types of waste. There are three main types of solid waste - household waste, industrial waste, and biomedical waste. Waste management aims to follow the 3Rs of reduce, reuse and recycle. Key solid waste disposal methods include dumping, controlled tipping/sanitary landfills, and incineration.
talk on waste management & recovery by sailesh khawaniSailesh Khawani
The document discusses various types of waste and techniques for waste management. It describes municipal solid waste as consisting of biodegradable, recyclable, inert, and hazardous components. Key waste management techniques include landfilling, incineration, and recycling. Landfilling involves burying waste but can cause environmental issues, while incineration converts waste into ash but is more common where land is scarce. Recycling reprocesses materials to reduce consumption of raw materials and pollution.
This document discusses different types of solid waste and solid waste management techniques. It describes various categories of solid waste like kitchen waste, e-waste, and plastic waste. It then explains key concepts in solid waste management like reducing, reusing, recycling, collection, transportation, and disposal. The document also summarizes different treatment and disposal methods for solid waste including incineration, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and provides examples. Municipal solid waste is the most common and includes household trash, construction debris, and other discarded materials from residential sources. The document outlines the solid waste management process, which involves collecting, transporting, treating, analyzing, and disposing of waste. It notes that improper waste management can cause pollution and disease. The document also discusses waste characteristics like composition, moisture content, and heating value to understand how wastes behave and can be processed. Source separation of wastes into categories like wet, dry, and hazardous is important for effective management.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and provides classifications of municipal solid waste including garbage, rubbish, ashes, demolition waste, and more. It also describes hazardous waste. The document outlines the key components of solid waste management systems including waste identification and minimization, collection, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, energy recovery, and disposal. It provides details on collection services and discusses processing and disposal methods like compaction, incineration, and landfilling.
This document discusses objectives and key concepts regarding waste management and landfill design. The objectives are to identify waste sources and characteristics, understand waste treatment and disposal processes, risk assessment standards, and share knowledge of chemical, physical and biological waste treatment technologies. It also discusses describing and applying current remediation processes, understanding technology selection criteria, and educating stakeholders on best practices. Key concepts covered include types and classification of wastes, problems with improper disposal, and an overview of waste treatment and disposal methods like sanitary landfilling, including landfill liner systems, operations, capping, leachate and gas management, and monitoring.
Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities.
Solid waste recycling what is municipal solid wast, background history and their types, processes etc
Characterization of municipal solid waste
Sources and types of solid waste
Nature of the solid waste
Physical characteristics
Moisture content
Chemical characteristics
Calorific value
Factores that contribute the solid waste generation
Concept of recycling
History of recycling
Benifits of recycling
Based on the mode of action, the major food preservation techniques can be categorized as: (1) slowing down or inhibiting chemical deterioration and microbial growth, (2) directly inactivating bacteria, yeasts, molds, or enzymes, and (3) avoiding recontamination before and after processing.
Waste can have negative impacts on human health, the environment, and climate if not managed properly. The document defines different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, and non-hazardous waste. It also discusses waste classification based on properties, effects, and origin. Sources of waste are listed as households, commerce, industry and others. The magnitude of the waste problem in India is explained. Impacts of improper waste management discussed are effects on health, socio-economics, coastal areas, and climate change. The waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is also mentioned.
Waste can have negative impacts on human health, the environment, and climate if not managed properly. The document defines different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, and non-hazardous waste. It discusses waste management concepts like the waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle. Exposure to waste can occur through ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact and can increase risks of diseases. Improper waste disposal into water bodies or direct dumping can negatively affect plants, animals and coastal/marine environments. The document emphasizes the importance of proper waste treatment and disposal methods like resource recovery, composting, and energy recovery to mitigate impacts.
Waste is defined as unwanted or useless materials that are disposed of. The Basel Convention provides definitions of waste and disposal. Waste comes in solid and liquid forms from various sources like households, commerce, and industry. Waste is classified based on its properties, effects on health and environment, and origin. Improper waste management can negatively impact health, socioeconomics, and the environment. The waste hierarchy focuses on reducing, reusing, and recycling waste to minimize these impacts. Categories of waste disposal include diluting/dispersing waste or concentrating/containing it.
Waste is unwanted or useless materials that are disposed of. Waste comes in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms from various sources like households, commerce, industry, and human activities. The Basel Convention aims to reduce hazardous waste movements between nations and ensure environmentally sound waste management. Improper waste management can negatively impact human health through chemical poisoning, disease, and increased cancer and birth defect risks. It can also affect animals through higher mercury levels in fish and damage the environment.
Waste is unwanted or useless materials that are disposed of. Waste comes in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms from various sources like households, industries, and businesses. Improper waste management has negative impacts on human health, the environment, and climate change by producing pollution, greenhouse gases, and health issues. Proper waste management involves reducing, reusing, and recycling waste as well as educating communities on proper disposal techniques.
Waste management involves reducing, reusing, and recycling wastes to minimize environmental impacts. Untreated wastes can pollute land, water, and air, harming human health and contributing to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Proper waste disposal and education programs that encourage reducing, donating, composting, and recycling can help address this growing problem.
Waste is defined as unwanted or useless materials that are disposed of. The Basel Convention provides definitions of waste and disposal. Waste comes in solid and liquid forms from various sources like households, commerce, and industry. Improper waste management can negatively impact human health through chemical poisoning, increased disease, and toxicity. It can also affect the environment by polluting water sources and harming aquatic life. The key to reducing these impacts is following the waste hierarchy of reducing, reusing, and recycling to minimize waste generation and ensure proper disposal.
Solid waste comes from various sources like households, businesses, industries, agriculture, hospitals, and hotels. It is classified based on its properties as biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Improper management of solid waste impacts society, climate, environment and health. The key laws around solid waste management in the Philippines are the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 and the Local Government Code. Common methods of disposal include landfilling, incineration, composting, recycling, and emerging options like plasma gasification. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to cost, environmental impact, and energy usage.
The document discusses solid waste management and provides details about various topics related to it. It defines solid waste and its sources and classification. It describes the composition, characteristics, and management of solid waste. Some key methods of solid waste disposal discussed are composting, incineration, and landfills. Efficient collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste are essential parts of solid waste management.
This document discusses solid waste management. It covers topics like solid waste sources and classification, composition and characteristics. Methods of solid waste disposal include landfilling, composting, incineration and energy recovery. The key aspects of solid waste management are waste minimization, collection, segregation, transportation, treatment and final disposal or energy recovery. Proper management requires efficient collection and transportation systems as well as treatment of waste before disposal to protect the environment.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste as waste from human and animal activities that is normally solid and discarded. Solid waste management aims to control waste generation, storage, collection, transport, processing and disposal in an environmentally sound manner. The key elements of solid waste management systems are discussed including waste generation, collection, transport, processing and disposal methods. Factors influencing waste amounts like population growth and changing lifestyles are also summarized.
Reducing environmental impacts of industrial effluentsJYOTI SAROJ
This document discusses reducing environmental impacts from industrial effluents. It begins by outlining how industrial waste contributes significantly to water pollution. It then defines industrial effluent and describes its major pollutants like dyes, heavy metals, and pesticides. The impacts of effluent on water bodies, soil, air, and ecosystems are examined. Various treatment methods for effluents are presented, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Specific treatment processes used for tannery effluent are outlined due to its toxic pollutants. The document concludes by describing fungal and bacterial degradation methods for treating industrial wastewater.
Municipal solid waste comes from households, businesses, and institutions and does not include industrial, construction, or hazardous waste. The amount of municipal solid waste generated is increasing due to population growth and modern lifestyles. Municipal solid waste management involves collection, sorting, and disposal or utilization through methods like composting, landfilling, and incineration. India faces significant challenges in sustainably managing its growing municipal solid waste. Hazardous wastes from industries and agriculture can contaminate water sources and harm human health if not properly controlled through methods such as waste minimization and alternative disposal technologies.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Ip&cgroup 1
1. Subject : Industrial Pollution & Control
Topic : Solid waste & Water waste
BY :- MAKKHI
2. It is important to define the various types of solid wastes that
are generated and the sources to design and operate of the
functional elements associated with the management of solid
waste
Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any
substance which is discarded after primary use, or it is worthless,
defective and of no use.
Waste
3. SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID
WASTES
Sources of solid wastes in a community are:
• Residential
• Commercial
• Institutional
• Construction and Demolition
• Municipal Services
• Treatment Plant Sites
• Industrial
• Agricultural
• Process
4. SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTES
Types of solid wastesTypical facilities, activities,
locations where wastes are
generated
Source
Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics,
textiles, leather, yard wastes, wood, glass,
metals, ashes, special wastes (e.g., bulky
items, consumer electronics, white goods,
batteries, oil, tires), and household hazardous
wastes
Single and multifamily
dwellings
Residential
Industrial process waste, scrap materials, etc.
Non - industrial waste including food wastes,
construction and demolition wastes, rubbish,
ashes , hazardous wastes, ashes, special
wastes
Light and heavy
manufacturing, fabrication,
construction sites, power and
chemical plants
Industrial
Table 1: Sources and Types of Solid Wastes within a Community
5. SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTES
Types of solid wastesTypical facilities, activities,
locations where wastes are
generated
Source
Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food
wastes, glass, metals, special wastes,
hazardous wastes
Stores, hotels, restaurants,
markets, office buildings, etc.
Commercial
Same as commercialSchools, hospitals, prisons,
government centers
Institutional
Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc.New construction sites, road
repair, renovation sites,
demolition of buildings, broken
pavement
Construction and Demolition
6. SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTES
Types of solid wastesTypical facilities, activities,
locations where wastes are
generated
Source
Street sweepings; landscape and tree trimmings;
general wastes from parks, beaches, and other
recreational areas; sludge
Street cleaning, landscaping,
parks, beaches, other recreational
areas, water and wastewater
treatment plants
Municipal
Services (excluding treatment
facilities)
Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes,
rubbish, hazardous waste.
Field and row crops, orchards,
vineyards, dairies, feedlots, farms,
etc.
Agricultural
7. Types of solid wastesTypical waste generatorsSource
Industrial process wastes, scrap
materials, off-specification products,
slag, tailings
Heavy and light
manufacturing, refineries,
chemical plants, power
plants, mineral extraction
and processing
Process
SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTES
8.
9. Particle Size:-
The size and size distribution of the component materials in solid
wastes are an important consideration in the recovery of materials
with mechanical means such as trommel screens and magnetic separators.
Measurement of size distribution of particles in waste stream is important
because of its significance in the design of mechanical separators and
shredders
Physical characterstics :-
10. Moisture Content
The moisture content of solid wastes usually is expressed as the mass of moisture per unit mass of wet or dry
material. In the wet-mass method of measurement, the moisture in a sample is expressed as a percentage of
the wet mass of the material the dry-mass method. it is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of the
material. In equation form, the wet-mass moisture content is expressed as follows:
Moisture content (%) = ( a – b )x 100
a
Where a = initial mass of sample as delivered
b = mass of sample after drying
To obtain the dry mass, the solid-waste material is dried in an oven at 77°C(170 F) for 24 h. This
temperature and time is used to dehydrate the material completely and to limit the vaporization of volatile
materials.
11. Density:-
The knowledge of density is important for the design of all elements of the solid waste management systems
like storage, transport and disposal. For example for a known volume of the solid waste its density gives us the
idea about the requirement of the truck in tonnage.
Density of waste, i.e. its mass per unit volume (kg/m3) is a critical factor in the design of a SWM system e.g.,
the design of sanitary landfills, storage, types of collectionand transport vehicles etc.
Field capacity:-
The field capacity of MSW is the total amount of moisture which can be retained in a waste sample subject to
gravitational pull.
It is used to determine the formation of leachate in landfills.
It is a critical measure because water in excess of field capacity will form leachate and leachate can be a major
problem in landfills.
Field capacity varies with the degree of applied pressure and the state of decompositionof the wastes.
12. • Chemical charactectristic:-Information of chemical composition of solids waste is
important in evaluating the processing & recovery option.
• This are mainly four types
1. Proxymate analysis
2. Fusing point of ash
3. Ultimate analysis
4. Energy
13. 1.Proxymate analysis:-
Proximate analysis of waste aims to determine moisture, volatile matter, ash
and fixed carbon. Ultimate analysis of waste aims to analyse percent of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur and ash.
2.Fusing point of ash:-.
Fusing point of ash is defined as that temperature at which the ash resulting from burning
of waste will form a solid liguor by fusion & agglomeration process.
Typical fusing temperature for the formation clinker from solid waste range from 1000 to
1200.
3.Ultimate analysis:-
The ultimate analysis of waste typically involved the deterioration of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen , sulphur & ash.
14. 4. Energy:-
Energy contant of organic compounds MSW can be determine by using full scale boiler a
calorimeter by using laboratory bomb calorimeter and by calculation if elemental composition cost.
15. Excluding plastic, rubber and leather components, the organic fraction of most MSW can be classified as
follows:
• Water-soluble constituents such as sugars, starches, amino acids, and various organic acids.
• Hemicelluloses, a condensation product of five- and six-carbon sugars
• Cellulose, a condensation product of the six-carbon sugar glucose
• Fats, oils, and waxes which are esters of alcohols and long-chain fatty acids
• Lignin, a polymeric material containing aromatic rings with methoxyl groups (-OCH3), the exact chemical
nature of which is still not known (present in some paper products such as newsprint and fibreboard) • Ligno
celluloses,a combination of lignin and cellulose
• Proteins, which are composed of chains of amino acids
Biological Characteristics :-
17. Classification of Water Pollution
• Organic pollutant
• Inorganic pollutant
• Pathogens
• Nutrients and Agriculture run-off
• Suspended Solid and Sediments
• Thermal pollutant
• Radioactive pollutants
18. Temperature
The temperature of water affects some of the important physical properties and characteristics of water:
thermal capacity, density, specific weight, viscosity, surface tension, specific conductivity, salinity and
solubility of dissolved gases and etc. Chemical and biological reaction rates increase with increasing
temperature. Reaction rates usually assumed to double for an increase in temperature of 10 °C. The
temperature of water in streams and rivers throughout the world varies from 0 to 35 °C.
Colour
Colour in water is primarily a concern of water quality for aesthetic reason. Coloured water give the
appearance of being unfit to drink, even though the water may be perfectly safe for public use. On the
other hand, colour can indicate the presence of organic substances, such as algae or humic compounds.
More recently, colour has been used as a quantitative assessment of the presence of potentially hazardous
or toxic organic materials in water.
Physical Characteristics of Water
19. Taste and Odour
Taste and odour are human perceptions of water quality. Human perception of taste includes sour (hydrochloric
acid), salty (sodium chloride), sweet (sucrose) and bitter (caffeine). Relatively simple compounds produce sour
and salty tastes. However sweet and bitter tastes are produced by more complex organic compounds. Human
detect many more tips of odour than tastes. Organic materials discharged directly to water, such as falling leaves,
runoff, etc., are sources of tastes and odour-producing compounds released during biodegradation.
Turbidity
Turbidity is a measure of the light-transmitting properties of water and is comprised of suspended and
colloidal material. It is important for health and aesthetic reasons.
Solids
The total solids content of water is defined as the residue remaining after evaporation of the water and drying
the residue to a constant weight at 103 °C to 105 °C. The organic fraction (or volatile solids content) is
considered to be related to the loss of weight of the residue remaining after evaporation of the water and after
ignition of the residue at a temperature of 500 °C. The volatile solids will oxidize at this temperature and will be
driven off as gas. The inorganic (or fixed solids) remind as inert ash. Solids are classified as settleable solids,
suspended solids and filterable solids. Settleable solids (silt and heavy organic solids) are the one that settle
under the influence of gravity. Suspended solids and filterable solids are classified based on particle size and
the retention of suspended solids on standard glass-fibre filters.
20. Inorganic Minerals
Runoff causes erosion and weathering of geological formation, rocks and soils as the runoff travels to the
surface-water bodies. During this period of contact with rocks and soils the water dissolves inorganic minerals,
which enter the natural waters. Inorganic compounds may dissociate to varying degrees, to cations and
anions.
pH and Alkalinity
Alkalinity is defined as the capacity of natural water to neutralize acid added to it. Total alkalinity is the
amount of acid required to reach a specific pH (pH = 6.3 to7.8).
Hardness
Hardness is correlated with TDS (Total dissolved solids). It represents total concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+
ions, and is reported in equivalent CaCO3. Other ions (Fe2+) may also contribute. Hardness expressed as
mg/L CaCO3 is used to classify waters from "soft" to "very hard".
Chemical Characteristics of Water
21. Total Dissolved Solids
Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of salt dissolved in a water sample after removal of suspended
solids. TDS is residue remaining after evaporation of the water. The TDS load carried in streams throughout
the world has been estimated by Livingston (1963) to 120 mg/L .
Conductivity
The concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) is related to electrical conductivity (EC; mhos/cm) or specific
conductance. The conductivity measures the capacity of water to transmit electrical current. The conductivity is
a relative term and the relationship between the TDS concentration and conductivity is unique to a given water
sample and in a specific TDS concentration range. The conductivity increases as the concentration of TDS
increases.
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
BOD5 is the oxygen equivalent of organic matter. It is determined by measuring the dissolved oxygen
used by microorganisms during the biochemical oxidation of organic matter in 5 days at 20oC
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
It is the oxygen equivalent of organic matter. It is determined by measuring the dissolved oxygen used
during the chemical oxidation of organic matter in 3 hours.
22. The presence of Escherichia coli in water samples indicates the presence of fecal matter and then the
possible presence of pathogenic organisms of human origin. The concentration of indicator organisms is
reported in MPN/100 mL (MPN = most probable number) or in CFU/100 mL (CFU = colony forming units).
Biological characteristics