The document discusses the Internet of Actuating Things and challenges related to devices that can cause physical changes in state. It notes that actuating things present responsibilities around authentication, timeliness, security, and unintended actuations. Robots are proposed as a type of actuating thing in IoT applications such as public safety, agriculture, and infrastructure monitoring. The document outlines technology challenges for wireless robotics networks, including variable communication ranges, mobility, dynamic topologies, and real-time communication for actuation.

1. 0
Internet of Actuating Things
Balamuralidhar P, Arpan Pal
Innovation Labs, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), India

2. 1
Internet of Things & M2M
 Internet of Things
– Towards a vision of networking ‘Things’ on Internet
– Practically it signifies
o Sensing, Identifying, communicating between physical objects such as
home appliances, furniture, vehicles, buildings, components of
infrastructures such as roads, utilities and many more…
 Machine to Machine (M2M) communications is a part of the above
vision

3. 2
Scope
Gateway
Service Platform

4. 3
Internet of Actuating Things
Cognition
Computing
NetworkingEmbedded
Systems
Control

5. 4
- 4 -
Intelligent Infrastructure
Sense
Extract
Analyze
Respond
Learn
Smartening the Infrastructure by
Real-Time Monitoring and
Management
Monitor
Operational Efficiency,
Safety & Security,
Information Services,
Convenience

6. 5
Challenges in Actuating Things
 Actuation causes a change in the state of things (can be
catastrophic if in-appropriate)
 Actuation has associated responsibility
– Need authentication,
– Timeliness, robustness
– Security against un-intended actuations
 Action may be triggered by a software agent or human being.
Challenges in trusting a software agent.
 Energy saving and autonomic capabilities
 Cooperative Actuation further these challenges

7. 6
Erasure coding for Robust Protocol
 Erasure Coding: k blocks are encoded to n blocks , introducing
(n-k) redundancy. If the number of blocks lost during the
transmission m <= (n-k), then original information can be
recovered.
 Mostly used technique to address packet losses is
retransmission. This creates un predictable delays and
reduced throughput.
 Erasure coding is an alternate way to
address this. An apriori estimate of the
channel condition can help in planning the
redundancy required.
 From an IoT perspective, this would be
impactful for multicast transmissions (
mass upgrade, mass configuration etc)
 Evaluation Robust CoAP is in progress

8. 7
Identity based Encryption for Secure IoT
 Identity based Encryption system
– Here a public key is derived from Identity
– Unlike PKI there is no key exchange required during transactions
 In IOT/M2M the number of devices involved are too many. Key
management and exchange would be an issue
 IBE can be used in such cases. Private keys are embedded in
the device. Public key is derived from publicly known identities
such as IP address, MAC address, URI etc.
 Standardisation in progress - IEEE P1636.3/D1

9. Global ICT Standardization for India (GISFI)

10. 9
GISFI
 Forum for addressing ICT standardization in India (www.gisfi.org )
 Working Groups
– Security and Privacy
– Future Radio Networks
– Internet of Things (IoT)
– Service Oriented Network (SEoN)
– Green ICT

11. 10
Use Cases being considered in IoT WG
IoT WG
Healthcare
Home
Smart Grid
Agriculture
Food Supply Chain
Public Safety
Transportation

12. 11
IoT Reference Architecture
Sensor / Devices
Gateway
Service Platform
Applications
IoT Core
Network
I1
I2
I3

13. Robots as Actuating Things in IoT

14. 13
Market Projection

15. 14
Some Social Applications of Robotics
 Public safety – Search & Rescue
– Detecting human under debris, water and fire
 Surveillance
– Campus security (mobile cameras and audio)
– Monitoring flora and fauna, forest fires
 Agriculture / farming
 Remote Infrastructure Monitoring & Management
 Remote Healthcare & Assisted Living

16. 15
A Motivating Requirement

17. 16
Robots as Mobile Gateways
 Mobile data collection
– Agriculture monitoring
– Mobile Agro-advisory System
– Real-time sending of Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture, Atmospheric
Temperature and Atmospheric Humidity
 Advantages of Robots as Mobile Gateways
– Energy saving through lower communication range
– Periodic Sensor auto calibration

18. 17
Technology Challenges
 Wireless Networking
– Variable communication range
– Mobility: no to moderate (pedestrian) speeds
– Dynamic topology
– Reliability & robustness, security
– Real-time communication for actuation (downlink)

19. 18
Summary
 “Actuating Things” have variety of important applications and
related challenges
 Robots are a popular category of actuators
 Wireless robotics need attention of researchers and
standardization bodies
– Machine to Actuating Machine communications
o Next M2M?
Note:- Some of the pictures are taken from publicly available internet and have been used for illustration purpose only

20. Thank You