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Invisible world of Marine Plants
- 1. INVISIBLE WORLD OF MARINE PLANTS Felix Bast, DST-INSA-INSPIRE Assistant Professor Centre for Biosciences,Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab
- 6. Deep Geological Time BAST, F. 2015. A Brief History of Earth. Ocean Digest, 2 (1) p 7-8. ISSN: 23941928 PDF
- 7. Symbiotic N2 Fixers Nostoc Anabaena Cyanobacteria
- 13. Ulvella leptochaete BAST, F., BHUSHAN, S AND JOHN, A.A. 2014. DNA Barcoding of a new record of epi-endophytic green algae Ulvella leptochaete (Ulvellacea e, Chlorophyta) in India. Journal of Biosciences 39:711-716 (IF:1.8) PDF Green Microalgae
- 15. Red Microalgae Pooja, R. and Bast, F. (Unpubl) First record of Erythrocladia in India with description of new species, Erythrocladia indica Sp. Nov based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences
- 16. Blood Rain
- 17. Trentepohlia annulata BAST, F, BHUSHAN, S., JOHN A.A., ACHANKUNJU, J., PANIKKAR N.M.V., HEMETNER,C., AND STOCKER- WÖRGÖTTE, E. 2015 European Species of Subaerial Green Alga Trentepohlia annulata (Trentepohliales, Ulvophyceae) Caused Blood Rain in Kerala, India. J Phylogen Evolution Biol 3: 144. PDF Green Microalgae
- 20. Mehra R,Yadav, DS, Kundu, P and Bast, F. 2015. First report of Zoanthus pulchellus from India. Journal of Marine Biosciences (accepted)
- 22. Bleached coral in Laccadives
- 23. Karenia brevis Red Tide Dinoflagellate
- 24. Diatoms Diatoms
- 25. Diatoms Diatoms
- 26. Seaweeds: Macroalgae RGB BAST, F 2014. Seaweeds: Ancestors of land plants with rich diversity. Resonance, 19(2) 1032-1043 ISSN: 0971-8044 PDF
- 27. Monostroma kuroshiense Bast BAST, F., KUBOTA, S. AND OKUDA, K. 2015. Phylogeographic Assessment of Panmictic Monostroma Species from Kuroshio Coast, Japan Reveals Sympatric Speciation. Journal of Applied Phycology (IF:2.5) DOI 10.1007/s10811-014-0452-x PDF Green Seaweeds
- 28. Floating raft in deep sea with deadweight mooring. Raft is floated all the time. Semi-floating raft in shallow water. Raft is floated at high tides but gets exposed during low tides Off bottom in shallow water. Nets get immersed in high tide and exposed in low tide Bottom planting in shallow water. Immersed at all the times. Water levels at high-tide are shown above low tide in all illustrations BAST, F 2014. An Illustrated Review on Cultivation and Life History of Agronomically Important Seaplants. In Seaweed: Mineral Composition, Nutritional and Antioxidant Benefits and Agricultural Uses, Eds Vitor Hugo Pomin, 39-70. Nova Publishers, New York ISBN: 978-1-63117-571-8
- 29. DST-INSA-INSPIRE Faculty Award Phylogenetic Diversity of Seaweeds in Indian Subcontinent DST- INSPIRE Award 2012- 2017 35 Lakhs
- 30. Ulva paschima Bast Ulva paschima Bast BAST, F., JOHN, A.A. AND BHUSHAN, S. 2014. Strong endemism of bloom-forming tubular Ulva in Indian west coast, with description of Ulva paschima Sp. Nov. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta. PLoS ONE 9(10): e109295. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109295 (IF:3.73) PDF Green Seaweeds
- 31. Cladophora goensis Bast BAST, F., JOHN, A.A. AND BHUSHAN, S. 2015.Cladophora goensis- a bloom forming marine algae from Goa, India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences (Accepted) (IF:0.57) PDF Green Seaweeds
- 33. Invasive algae Caulerpa scalpelliformis Caulerpa racemosa Caulerpa taxifolia Green Seaweeds
- 34. Boergesenia forbesii Acetabularia acetabulum Green Seaweeds Bryopsis plumosa
- 35. Agarophytes Gracilaria corticataGrateloupia ettikkulensis Sp. Nov. Red Seaweeds
- 36. Carrageenophytes BAST, F., BHUSHAN, S. AND JOHN, A.A. 2014. Morphological and molecular assessment of native carrageenophyte Hypnea valentiae (Cystocloniaceae, Gigartinales) in Indian Subcontinent Phykos 44(1) 52-58 ISSN: 0554-1182 PDF Hypnea valentiae Eucheuma spp. Kappaphycus alvarezii Red Seaweeds
- 37. Endemic seaweeds of Andaman Is. Dichotomaria andamanensis Sp. Nov Galaxaura rugosa Red Seaweeds
- 38. Porphyra keralensis Sp. Nov. Nori Red Seaweeds
- 40. Turbinaria ornata Padina spp. Fucus disticus BAST, F., BHUSHAN, S. AND JOHN, A.A. 2015. Brown barcoded as red but reality is green! How epiphytic green algae confuse phycologists? Webbia- Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography (Tailor and Francis, UK) DOI: 10.1080/00837792.2015.1014217 PDF Brown Seaweeds
- 41. Sea plam (Postelsia palmaeformis) Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), Brown Seaweeds
- 42. Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), Kombu (Saccharina japonica), Brown Seaweeds
- 43. Medieval Japanese Haiku/ Waka From the Shinkokinshû Love poems By Minamoto noToshiyori (1055-1129) In the bay of Naniwa Seaweed-covered Gemstone rocks Appear-just so Does my love for her BAST, F 2014. Seaweeds in Japanese Culture: An analysis of medieval Waka poetry. The Phycologist (UK) 86:24-27 ISSN:0965-5301 PDF
- 44. The Seaweed Paradox Highest seaweed consuming countries: East Asia (Japan, Korea, China, Indonesia, Philippines) Europe (Ireland, Ulster,Wales) Coastal areas of USA and Canada Prevalence rate of following diseases are low in all these countries Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Coronary heart disease
- 45. Drugs from Algae S. No Natural product Algal taxa possessing the product 1 Kahalalide-F Bryopsis 2 Sulphated polysaccharides : Fucoidan & Laminarin Brown algae 3 Sulphated polysaccharides : Translam Laminaria (Brown algae) 4 Sulphated polysaccharides : Ulvan Green algae 5 Chondriamide A: A cyclic depsipeptide Chondria atropurpurea 6 Terpenes andTriterpenoids Bifurcaria bifurcata, Caulerpa taxifolia, Cystoseira mediterrane, Cystophora usneoides 7 Bis (2,3-dibromo-4,5- dihydroxybenzyl) ether (BDDE) and other Bromophenols (BPs) Various marine macroalgae Drugs from Sea, MoES, 2015-17, 91 Lakhs
- 46. Freshwater algae Our group is working on Molecular Systematics of freshwater algae from Punjab Rhizoclonium pachydremum Volvox Chlamydomonas Scenedesmus
- 48. Green Algae Bryophytes (moss) Pteridophytes (fern) Spermatophytes Angiosperms Gymnosperms (pine) Magnolids (Betel, black pepper etc. ) Monocots (seagrass, cereals) Asterids (Bacopa, Rauvolfia ,Evolvulus,Withania, Mentha, Ocimum, Avicennia, Acanthus, Aegiceras, potato, tomato etc.) Eudicots Embryophytes Cryptogams Phanerogams Rosids (Ficus, Salvadora, Rhizophora, Excoecaria, Laguncularia, etc.) Caryophyllales (Sueda, cactus etc) Tracheophytes 540 440 319 249 90 mya Viridaeplantae
- 49. Mosses Our group is working on phylogeography of bryophytes in Indian subcontinent
- 50. Mangroves Our group is working on phylogeography of mangroves in Sunderbans and Kerala Mangroves from Sundarbans Mangroves from Kerala
- 51. Medicinal Plants Our group is working on phylogeography of Tulsi, Sarpagandha, Shankapushpa, Betel, Mint & Aswagandha in Indian subcontinent BAST, F., RANI P, AND MEENA D, 2014 Chloroplast DNA Phylogeography of Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) in Indian Subcontinent, The Scientific World Journal (IF:1.731), vol. 2014, Article ID 847482, 6 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/847482 PDF Brahmi Bacopa monnieri Shankupushpi Evolvulus alsinoides Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina L)
- 52. Trees Our group is working on phylogeography of Ficus and Salvadora in Indian subcontinent Salvadora oleoidesFicus religiosa
- 53. GUIDING QUESTION: How are these all related?
- 54. Phylogenetics Trace origin Trace dispersal routes Find cryptic speciation Detect endemism Calculate age (time calibration) BAST, F. 2015.Tutorial on Phylogenetic Inference Part-1. Resonance 20 (4) 360-367 PDF BAST, F. 2015.Tutorial on Phylogenetic Inference Part-2. Resonance 20 (5)
- 55. T O LIFE ANGUAGESREE F
- 56. Curious Parallels Related project: “Tracing evolutionary legacy of Indian languages using computational phylogenetics” –ICSSR Grant BAST, F. 2015 Phylogenetics: Tracing the Evolutionary Legacy of Organisms, Metastatic Clones, Bioactive Compounds and Languages. J Phylogen Evolution Biol (Accepted) PDF
- 57. Nothing fascinates me more than the world of plants- endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful.
Editor's Notes
- The Blue Marble, a famous photograph of the Earth, taken on December 7, 1972, by the crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft, at a distance of about 45,000 kilometers (28,000 mi)
- 2002 IASc Summer Fellow@ NIO, Goa Chennai > 12S > Goa cruise
- Feel gratitude, they produce 60% of air we breath They enriched anoxic hadean earth with O2
- Oldest fossils, some 3.5 billion years ago
- From Archean through Proterozoic, algae ruled the world. They flushed the world with O2 First eukaryotes were seaweeds, formed in Proterozoic Land-plants appeared in Silurian>Paleozoic>Phanerozoic
- Nostoc-Azolla symbiosis Anabaena-Azolla symbiosis N2 fixing heterocysts
- Dietary supplement, rich source of iron and protein
- 6 Kingdom classification sensu Cavalier-Smith Chloroplasts, the biological photovoltaic cells, originated via primary endosymbiosis Archeplastida have 2-membrane bound plastid, while chromista have 3 membrane bound plastid
- Spent 2001 summer at NCBS, Bangalore as JNCASR-Rajiv Gandhi Fellow Extreme halophilic Produces antioxidant beta-carotein In evaporite salt ponds, shore of San Francisco Bay, CA USA
- Nobel Prizes: Otto Henrich Warburg in 1931 Cellular respiration Melvin Calvin in 1961, Calvin Cycle 8% Photosynthetic efficiency (fraction of light energy converted to chemical energy), superfood High protein and PUFA content, a supplement
- High lipid content, up to 40% dry weight (compare with Jatropha, 32%) Top candidate for biofuel production
- Endophyte in Cladophora First report in India Taxol, anticancer compounds, from marine endophytes J Biosciences is IASc journal
- Epiphyte on Cladophora
- Sporadic red colored rain have been reported since Homer’s Iliad Alien origin and divine spell hypotheses
- Blood rain droplets had spores of Trentepohlia annulata-a terrestrial green algae, found in Europe Rain=Spore dispersal mechanism Our hypothesis: From Central Europe to India via intercontinental clouds
- Coral reef ecosystems-Most productive in ocean Polyps of cnidarians (related to jellyfish)
- Anthozoan, no medusa (umbrella) stage
- Endosymbiont, highly pH sensitive pH of ocean 8.2 for last 300 million years Now it is 8.1; excess atmospheric CO2 gets dissolved in ocean as carbonic acid That lead to the death of Symbiodinium
- Irrevocable damage
- Massive red tides by dinoflagellates Some are toxic (Brevitoxin, a neurotoxin), HABs Consumption of contaminated shellfish/Oysters could be potentially lethal
- Heterokonta> Bacillariophyceae Silicious cell wall-Frustule Appeared in Jurassic
- Diatomaceous earth
- Academy journal
- Edible green algae endemic to Japan
- Some algae are interdidal Some are subtidal
- First found in Western coast, therefore its Sanskrit epithet Endemic to India Bloom forming, fast and spontaneous growth Good candidate for biofuel
- Endemic to Goa Bloom forming, fast and spontaneous growth Good candidate for biofuel
- Edible, most expensive seaweed in the world
- Edible, highly-priced brown algae
- naniwa no mo ni uzumoruru tamakashiwa arahaarete dani hito wo kohi ba ya
- Compare it with French paradox Low coronary heart disease in France and other Mediterranean countries, albeit higher animal consumption Correlated with red wine consumption, resveratrol
- Bright orange antheridium of the stonewort with the interlocking shield cells caught just before they rupture. Its diameter is about 0.4 mm. Spiral coronal cells and crown cells, the bracteoles, and the oogonium itself. In this dark field illumination we also see traces of the micro-habitat of epiphytic algae on the stonewort surface; this covering is usually much more extensive, but not this time.
- Embryophytes: nurturing the young embryo sporophyte during the early stages of its multicellular development within the tissues of the parent gametophyte Tracheophytes: Vascular plants, with lignified xylem for water and non-lignified phloem for products of photosynthesis Spermatophytes: Seed plants Angiosperms: Flowering plants Monocots: one leaf in seed (cotyledon), trimerous leaves, parallel venation, adventitious roots Eudicots: two leaves in seed (cotyledons), tetramerus flowers, reticulate venation, root develop from radicle
- Academy journal