The paper proposes a method for the analysis and synthesis of self-oscillations in the form of a finite, predetermined number of terms of the Fourier series in systems reduced to single-loop, with one element having a nonlinear static characteristic of an arbitrary shape and a dynamic part, which is the sum of the products of coordinates and their derivatives. In this case, the nonlinearity is divided into two parts: static and dynamic nonlinearity. The solution to the problem under consideration consists of two parts. First, the parameters of self-oscillations are determined, and then the parameters of the nonlinear dynamic part of the system are synthesized. When implementing this procedure, the calculation time depends on the number of harmonics considered in the first approximation, so it is recommended to choose the minimum number of them in calculations. An algorithm for determining the self-oscillating mode of a control system with elements that have dynamic nonlinearity is proposed. The developed method for calculating self-oscillations is suitable for solving various synthesis problems. The generated system of equations can be used to synthesize the parameters of both linear and nonlinear parts. The advantage is its versatility.
Radial basis function neural network control for parallel spatial robotTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The derivation of motion equations of constrained spatial multibody system is an important problem of dynamics and control of parallel robots. The paper firstly presents an overview of the calculating the torque of the driving stages of the parallel robots using Kronecker product. The main content of this paper is to derive the inverse dynamics controllers based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network control law for parallel robot manipulators. Finally, numerical simulation of the inverse dynamics controller for a 3-RRR delta robot manipulator is presented as an illustrative example.
Adaptive Projective Lag Synchronization of T and Lu Chaotic Systems IJECEIAES
In this paper, the synchronization problem of T chaotic system and Lu chaotic system is studied. The parameter of the drive T chaotic system is considered unknown. An adaptive projective lag control method and also parameter estimation law are designed to achieve chaos synchronization problem between two chaotic systems. Then Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized to prove the validity of the proposed control method. After that, some numerical simulations are performed to assess the performance of the proposed method. The results show high accuracy of the proposed method in control and synchronization of chaotic systems.
Solving output control problems using Lyapunov gradient-velocity vector functionIJECEIAES
This paper describes a controller and observer parameter definition approach in one input-one output (closed-loop) control systems using Lyapunov gradient-velocity vector function. Construction of the vector function is based on the gradient nature of the control systems and the parity of the vector functions with the potential function from the theory of catastrophe. Investigation of the closed-loop control system’s stability and solution of the problem of controller (determining the coefficient of magnitude matrix) and observer (calculation of the matrix elements of the observing equipment) synthesis is based on the direct methods of Lyapunov. The approach allows to select parameters based on the requested characteristics of the system.
Sliding Mode Controller Design for Hybrid Synchronization of Hyperchaotic Che...ijcsa
This paper derives new results for the design of sliding mode controller for the hybrid synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Chen systems (Jia, Dai and Hui, 2010). The synchronizer results derived in this paper for the hybrid synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Chen systems are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve hybrid synchronization of the
identical hyperchaotic Chen systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the hybrid synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical hyperchaotic Chen systems.
SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR GLOBAL CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION OF COULLET SY...ijistjournal
This paper derives new results for the design of sliding mode controller for the global chaos synchronization of identical Coullet systems (1981). The synchronizer results derived in this paper for the complete chaos synchronization of identical hyperchaotic systems are established using sliding control theory and Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical Coullet systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical Coullet systems.
SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR GLOBAL CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION OF COULLET SY...ijistjournal
This paper derives new results for the design of sliding mode controller for the global chaos synchronization of identical Coullet systems (1981). The synchronizer results derived in this paper for the complete chaos synchronization of identical hyperchaotic systems are established using sliding control theory and Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical Coullet systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical Coullet systems.
ADAPTIVESYNCHRONIZER DESIGN FOR THE HYBRID SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHAOTIC ZH...ijitcs
This paper derives new adaptive synchronizers for the hybrid synchronization of hyperchaotic Zheng
systems (2010) and hyperchaotic Yu systems (2012). In the hybrid synchronization design of master and
slave systems, one part of the systems, viz. their odd states, are completely synchronized (CS), while the
other part, viz. their even states, are completely anti-synchronized (AS) so that CS and AS co-exist in the
process of synchronization. The research problem gets even more complicated, when the parameters of the
hyperchaotic systems are not known and we handle this complicate problem using adaptive control. The
main results of this research work are established via adaptive control theory andLyapunov stability
theory. MATLAB plotsusing classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta method have been depictedfor the new
adaptive hybrid synchronization results for the hyperchaotic Zheng and hyperchaotic Yu systems.
Radial basis function neural network control for parallel spatial robotTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The derivation of motion equations of constrained spatial multibody system is an important problem of dynamics and control of parallel robots. The paper firstly presents an overview of the calculating the torque of the driving stages of the parallel robots using Kronecker product. The main content of this paper is to derive the inverse dynamics controllers based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network control law for parallel robot manipulators. Finally, numerical simulation of the inverse dynamics controller for a 3-RRR delta robot manipulator is presented as an illustrative example.
Adaptive Projective Lag Synchronization of T and Lu Chaotic Systems IJECEIAES
In this paper, the synchronization problem of T chaotic system and Lu chaotic system is studied. The parameter of the drive T chaotic system is considered unknown. An adaptive projective lag control method and also parameter estimation law are designed to achieve chaos synchronization problem between two chaotic systems. Then Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized to prove the validity of the proposed control method. After that, some numerical simulations are performed to assess the performance of the proposed method. The results show high accuracy of the proposed method in control and synchronization of chaotic systems.
Solving output control problems using Lyapunov gradient-velocity vector functionIJECEIAES
This paper describes a controller and observer parameter definition approach in one input-one output (closed-loop) control systems using Lyapunov gradient-velocity vector function. Construction of the vector function is based on the gradient nature of the control systems and the parity of the vector functions with the potential function from the theory of catastrophe. Investigation of the closed-loop control system’s stability and solution of the problem of controller (determining the coefficient of magnitude matrix) and observer (calculation of the matrix elements of the observing equipment) synthesis is based on the direct methods of Lyapunov. The approach allows to select parameters based on the requested characteristics of the system.
Sliding Mode Controller Design for Hybrid Synchronization of Hyperchaotic Che...ijcsa
This paper derives new results for the design of sliding mode controller for the hybrid synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Chen systems (Jia, Dai and Hui, 2010). The synchronizer results derived in this paper for the hybrid synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Chen systems are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve hybrid synchronization of the
identical hyperchaotic Chen systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the hybrid synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical hyperchaotic Chen systems.
SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR GLOBAL CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION OF COULLET SY...ijistjournal
This paper derives new results for the design of sliding mode controller for the global chaos synchronization of identical Coullet systems (1981). The synchronizer results derived in this paper for the complete chaos synchronization of identical hyperchaotic systems are established using sliding control theory and Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical Coullet systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical Coullet systems.
SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR GLOBAL CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION OF COULLET SY...ijistjournal
This paper derives new results for the design of sliding mode controller for the global chaos synchronization of identical Coullet systems (1981). The synchronizer results derived in this paper for the complete chaos synchronization of identical hyperchaotic systems are established using sliding control theory and Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical Coullet systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical Coullet systems.
ADAPTIVESYNCHRONIZER DESIGN FOR THE HYBRID SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHAOTIC ZH...ijitcs
This paper derives new adaptive synchronizers for the hybrid synchronization of hyperchaotic Zheng
systems (2010) and hyperchaotic Yu systems (2012). In the hybrid synchronization design of master and
slave systems, one part of the systems, viz. their odd states, are completely synchronized (CS), while the
other part, viz. their even states, are completely anti-synchronized (AS) so that CS and AS co-exist in the
process of synchronization. The research problem gets even more complicated, when the parameters of the
hyperchaotic systems are not known and we handle this complicate problem using adaptive control. The
main results of this research work are established via adaptive control theory andLyapunov stability
theory. MATLAB plotsusing classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta method have been depictedfor the new
adaptive hybrid synchronization results for the hyperchaotic Zheng and hyperchaotic Yu systems.
SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR SYNCHRONIZATION OF SHIMIZU-MORIOKA CHAOTIC...ijistjournal
This paper investigates the global chaos synchronization of identical Shimizhu-Morioka chaotic systems (Shimizu and Morioka, 1980) by sliding mode control. The stability results derived in this paper for the complete synchronization of identical Shimizu-Morioka chaotic systems are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical Shimizu-Morioka chaotic systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical Shimizu-Morioka systems.
SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR SYNCHRONIZATION OF SHIMIZU-MORIOKA CHAOTIC...ijistjournal
This paper investigates the global chaos synchronization of identical Shimizhu-Morioka chaotic systems (Shimizu and Morioka, 1980) by sliding mode control. The stability results derived in this paper for the complete synchronization of identical Shimizu-Morioka chaotic systems are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical Shimizu-Morioka chaotic systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical Shimizu-Morioka systems.
An Exponential Observer Design for a Class of Chaotic Systems with Exponentia...ijtsrd
In this paper, a class of generalized chaotic systems with exponential nonlinearity is studied and the state observation problem of such systems is explored. Using differential inequality with time domain analysis, a practical state observer for such generalized chaotic systems is constructed to ensure the global exponential stability of the resulting error system. Besides, the guaranteed exponential decay rate can be correctly estimated. Finally, several numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the validity, effectiveness, and correctness of the obtained result. Yeong-Jeu Sun "An Exponential Observer Design for a Class of Chaotic Systems with Exponential Nonlinearity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38233.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38233/an-exponential-observer-design-for-a-class-of-chaotic-systems-with-exponential-nonlinearity/yeongjeu-sun
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Techno...ijcseit
In chaos theory, the problem anti-synchronization of chaotic systems deals with a pair of chaotic systems
called drive and response systems. In this problem, the design goal is to drive the sum of their respective
states to zero asymptotically. This problem gets even more complicated and requires special attention when
the parameters of the drive and response systems are unknown. This paper uses adaptive control theory
and Lyapunov stability theory to derive new results for the anti-synchronization of hyperchaotic Wang
system (2008) and hyperchaotic Li system (2005) with uncertain parameters. Hyperchaotic systems are
nonlinear dynamical systems exhibiting chaotic behaviour with two or more positive Lyapunov exponents.
The hyperchaotic systems have applications in areas like oscillators, lasers, neural networks, encryption,
secure transmission and secure communication. The main results derived in this paper are validated and
demonstrated with MATLAB simulations.
ANTI-SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHAOTIC WANG AND HYPERCHAOTIC LI SYSTEMS WITH UN...ijcseit
In chaos theory, the problem anti-synchronization of chaotic systems deals with a pair of chaotic systems
called drive and response systems. In this problem, the design goal is to drive the sum of their respective
states to zero asymptotically. This problem gets even more complicated and requires special attention when
the parameters of the drive and response systems are unknown. This paper uses adaptive control theory
and Lyapunov stability theory to derive new results for the anti-synchronization of hyperchaotic Wang
system (2008) and hyperchaotic Li system (2005) with uncertain parameters. Hyperchaotic systems are
nonlinear dynamical systems exhibiting chaotic behaviour with two or more positive Lyapunov exponents.
The hyperchaotic systems have applications in areas like oscillators, lasers, neural networks, encryption,
secure transmission and secure communication. The main results derived in this paper are validated and
demonstrated with MATLAB simulations.
SYNCHRONIZATION OF A FOUR-WING HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEMijccmsjournal
This paper presents synchronization of a four-dimensional autonomous hyperchaotic system based on the generalized augmented Lü system. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory an active control law is derived such that the two four-dimensional autonomous hyper-chaotic systems are to be synchronized. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the synchronization schemes.
SYNCHRONIZATION OF A FOUR-WING HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEMijccmsjournal
This paper presents synchronization of a four-dimensional autonomous hyperchaotic system based on the
generalized augmented Lü system. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory an active control law is derived
such that the two four-dimensional autonomous hyper-chaotic systems are to be synchronized. Numerical
simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the synchronization schemes.
SYNCHRONIZATION OF A FOUR-WING HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEMijccmsjournal
This paper presents synchronization of a four-dimensional autonomous hyperchaotic system based on the
generalized augmented Lü system. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory an active control law is derived
such that the two four-dimensional autonomous hyper-chaotic systems are to be synchronized. Numerical
simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the synchronization schemes.
Evaluation of Vibrational Behavior for A System With TwoDegree-of-Freedom Und...IJERA Editor
Analysis of the vibrational behavior of a system is extremely important, both for the evaluation of operating conditions, as performance and safety reason. The studies on vibration concentrate their efforts on understanding the natural phenomena and the development of mathematical theories to describe the vibration of physical systems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an undamped system with two-degrees-of-freedom and demonstrate by comparing the results obtained in the experimental, numerical and analytical modeling the characteristics that describe a structure in terms of its natural characteristics. The experiment was conducted in PUC-MG where the data were acquired to determine the natural frequency of the system. We also developed an experimental test bed for vibrations studies for graduate and undergraduate students. In analytical modeling were represented all the important aspects of the system. In order, to obtain the mathematical equations is used MATLAB to solve the equations that describe the characteristics of system behavior. For the simulation and numerical solution of the system, we use a computational tool ABAQUS. The comparison between the results obtained in the experiment and the numerical was considered satisfactory using the exact solutions. This study demonstrates that calculation of the adopted conditions on a system with two-degrees-of-freedom can be applied to complex systems with many degrees of freedom and proved to be an excellent learning tool for determining the modal analysis of a system. One of the goals is to use the developed platform to be used as a didactical experiment system for vibration and modal analysis classes at PUC Minas. The idea is to give the students an opportunity to test, play, calculate and confirm the results in vibration and modal analysis in a low-cost platform
Foundation and Synchronization of the Dynamic Output Dual Systemsijtsrd
In this paper, the synchronization problem of the dynamic output dual systems is firstly introduced and investigated. Based on the time domain approach, the state variables synchronization of such dual systems can be verified. Meanwhile, the guaranteed exponential convergence rate can be accurately estimated. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the obtained result. Yeong-Jeu Sun "Foundation and Synchronization of the Dynamic Output Dual Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29256.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29256/foundation-and-synchronization-of-the-dynamic-output-dual-systems/yeong-jeu-sun
ANALYSIS AND SLIDING CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR HYBRID SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHA...IJCSEA Journal
Hybrid synchronization of chaotic systems is a research problem with a goal to synchronize the states of master and slave chaotic systems in a hybrid manner, namely, their even states are completely synchronized (CS) and odd states are anti-synchronized. This paper deals with the research problem of hybrid synchronization of chaotic systems. First, a detailed analysis is made on the qualitative properties of hyperchaotic Yujun system (2010). Then sliding controller has been derived for the hybrid synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Yujun systems, which is based on a general hybrid result derived in this paper.MATLAB simulations have been shown in detail to illustrate the new results derived for the hybrid synchronization of hyperchaotic Yujun systems. The results are proved using Lyapunov stability theory.
Adaptive Type-2 Fuzzy Second Order Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Uncerta...rinzindorjej
In this paper, a robust adaptive type-2 fuzzy nonsingular sliding mode controller is designed to stabilize the unstable periodic orbits of uncertain perturbed chaotic system with internal parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. In Higher Order Sliding Mode Control (HOSMC),the chattering phenomena of the control effort is reduced, by using Super Twisting algorithm. Adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy systems are proposed to approximate the unknown part of uncertain chaotic system and to generate the Super Twisting signals. Based on Lyapunov criterion, adaptation laws are derived and the closed loop system stability is guaranteed. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
THE LEFT AND RIGHT BLOCK POLE PLACEMENT COMPARISON STUDY: APPLICATION TO FLIG...ieijjournal1
It is known that if a linear-time-invariant MIMO system described by a state space equation has a number
of states divisible by the number of inputs and it can be transformed to block controller form, we can
design a state feedback controller using block pole placement technique by assigning a set of desired Block
poles. These may be left or right block poles. The idea is to compare both in terms of system’s response.
THE LEFT AND RIGHT BLOCK POLE PLACEMENT COMPARISON STUDY: APPLICATION TO FLIG...ieijjournal
It is known that if a linear-time-invariant MIMO system described by a state space equation has a number of states divisible by the number of inputs and it can be transformed to block controller form, we can design a state feedback controller using block pole placement technique by assigning a set of desired Block poles. These may be left or right block poles. The idea is to compare both in terms of system’s response.
Exponential State Observer Design for a Class of Uncertain Chaotic and Non-Ch...ijtsrd
In this paper, a class of uncertain chaotic and non-chaotic systems is firstly introduced and the state observation problem of such systems is explored. Based on the time-domain approach with integral and differential equalities, an exponential state observer for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is established to guarantee the global exponential stability of the resulting error system. Besides, the guaranteed exponential convergence rate can be calculated correctly. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to exhibit the feasibility and effectiveness of the obtained results. Yeong-Jeu Sun "Exponential State Observer Design for a Class of Uncertain Chaotic and Non-Chaotic Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20219.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/20219/exponential-state-observer-design-for-a-class-of-uncertain-chaotic-and-non-chaotic-systems/yeong-jeu-sun
ACTIVE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR THE HYBRID SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHAOTIC ZHEN...ijscai
This paper deals with a new research problem in the chaos literature, viz. hybrid synchronization of a
pair of chaotic systems called the master and slave systems. In the hybrid synchronization design of
master and slave systems, one part of the systems, viz. their odd states, are completely synchronized (CS),
while the other part, viz. their even states, are completely anti-synchronized (AS) so that CS and AS coexist in the process of synchronization. This research work deals with the hybrid synchronization of
hyperchaotic Zheng systems (2010) and hyperchaotic Yu systems (2012). The main results of this hybrid
synchronization research work have been proved using Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical examples of
the hybrid synchronization results are shown along with MATLAB simulations for the hyperchaotic
Zheng and hyperchaotic Yu systems.
Instrumentation and Automation of MechatronicIJERA Editor
This paper presents the methodology used for the automation of a mechanical system, which will be used to
perform scans on tooth surfaces, in this paper the mathematical modeling of the structure for further
implementation was carried out in order to get a reconfigurable device using specialized software. To carry out
this study various mathematical tools for developing the mathematical model were used, then control routines
that allow the manipulation mechanism for each axis independently performed. The implementation was carried
out by integrating various electrical, electronic and computer systems for an efficient control of the movement
and location of robot systems.
HYBRID SLIDING SYNCHRONIZER DESIGN OF IDENTICAL HYPERCHAOTIC XU SYSTEMS ijitjournal
In this paper, new results have been obtained via sliding mode control for the hybrid chaos synchronization
of identical hyperchaotic Xu systems (Xu, Cai and Zheng, 2009). In hybrid synchronization of master and
slave systems, the odd states are completely synchronized, while the even states are anti-synchronized. The
stability results derived in this paper for the hybrid synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Xu systems
are established using Lyapunov stability theory. MATLAB simulations have been shown for the numerical
results to illustrate the hybrid synchronization schemes derived for the identical hyperchaotic Xu systems.
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
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This paper investigates the global chaos synchronization of identical Shimizhu-Morioka chaotic systems (Shimizu and Morioka, 1980) by sliding mode control. The stability results derived in this paper for the complete synchronization of identical Shimizu-Morioka chaotic systems are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical Shimizu-Morioka chaotic systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical Shimizu-Morioka systems.
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In chaos theory, the problem anti-synchronization of chaotic systems deals with a pair of chaotic systems
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the parameters of the drive and response systems are unknown. This paper uses adaptive control theory
and Lyapunov stability theory to derive new results for the anti-synchronization of hyperchaotic Wang
system (2008) and hyperchaotic Li system (2005) with uncertain parameters. Hyperchaotic systems are
nonlinear dynamical systems exhibiting chaotic behaviour with two or more positive Lyapunov exponents.
The hyperchaotic systems have applications in areas like oscillators, lasers, neural networks, encryption,
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ANTI-SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHAOTIC WANG AND HYPERCHAOTIC LI SYSTEMS WITH UN...ijcseit
In chaos theory, the problem anti-synchronization of chaotic systems deals with a pair of chaotic systems
called drive and response systems. In this problem, the design goal is to drive the sum of their respective
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the parameters of the drive and response systems are unknown. This paper uses adaptive control theory
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Evaluation of Vibrational Behavior for A System With TwoDegree-of-Freedom Und...IJERA Editor
Analysis of the vibrational behavior of a system is extremely important, both for the evaluation of operating conditions, as performance and safety reason. The studies on vibration concentrate their efforts on understanding the natural phenomena and the development of mathematical theories to describe the vibration of physical systems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an undamped system with two-degrees-of-freedom and demonstrate by comparing the results obtained in the experimental, numerical and analytical modeling the characteristics that describe a structure in terms of its natural characteristics. The experiment was conducted in PUC-MG where the data were acquired to determine the natural frequency of the system. We also developed an experimental test bed for vibrations studies for graduate and undergraduate students. In analytical modeling were represented all the important aspects of the system. In order, to obtain the mathematical equations is used MATLAB to solve the equations that describe the characteristics of system behavior. For the simulation and numerical solution of the system, we use a computational tool ABAQUS. The comparison between the results obtained in the experiment and the numerical was considered satisfactory using the exact solutions. This study demonstrates that calculation of the adopted conditions on a system with two-degrees-of-freedom can be applied to complex systems with many degrees of freedom and proved to be an excellent learning tool for determining the modal analysis of a system. One of the goals is to use the developed platform to be used as a didactical experiment system for vibration and modal analysis classes at PUC Minas. The idea is to give the students an opportunity to test, play, calculate and confirm the results in vibration and modal analysis in a low-cost platform
Foundation and Synchronization of the Dynamic Output Dual Systemsijtsrd
In this paper, the synchronization problem of the dynamic output dual systems is firstly introduced and investigated. Based on the time domain approach, the state variables synchronization of such dual systems can be verified. Meanwhile, the guaranteed exponential convergence rate can be accurately estimated. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the obtained result. Yeong-Jeu Sun "Foundation and Synchronization of the Dynamic Output Dual Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29256.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29256/foundation-and-synchronization-of-the-dynamic-output-dual-systems/yeong-jeu-sun
ANALYSIS AND SLIDING CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR HYBRID SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHA...IJCSEA Journal
Hybrid synchronization of chaotic systems is a research problem with a goal to synchronize the states of master and slave chaotic systems in a hybrid manner, namely, their even states are completely synchronized (CS) and odd states are anti-synchronized. This paper deals with the research problem of hybrid synchronization of chaotic systems. First, a detailed analysis is made on the qualitative properties of hyperchaotic Yujun system (2010). Then sliding controller has been derived for the hybrid synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Yujun systems, which is based on a general hybrid result derived in this paper.MATLAB simulations have been shown in detail to illustrate the new results derived for the hybrid synchronization of hyperchaotic Yujun systems. The results are proved using Lyapunov stability theory.
Adaptive Type-2 Fuzzy Second Order Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Uncerta...rinzindorjej
In this paper, a robust adaptive type-2 fuzzy nonsingular sliding mode controller is designed to stabilize the unstable periodic orbits of uncertain perturbed chaotic system with internal parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. In Higher Order Sliding Mode Control (HOSMC),the chattering phenomena of the control effort is reduced, by using Super Twisting algorithm. Adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy systems are proposed to approximate the unknown part of uncertain chaotic system and to generate the Super Twisting signals. Based on Lyapunov criterion, adaptation laws are derived and the closed loop system stability is guaranteed. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
THE LEFT AND RIGHT BLOCK POLE PLACEMENT COMPARISON STUDY: APPLICATION TO FLIG...ieijjournal1
It is known that if a linear-time-invariant MIMO system described by a state space equation has a number
of states divisible by the number of inputs and it can be transformed to block controller form, we can
design a state feedback controller using block pole placement technique by assigning a set of desired Block
poles. These may be left or right block poles. The idea is to compare both in terms of system’s response.
THE LEFT AND RIGHT BLOCK POLE PLACEMENT COMPARISON STUDY: APPLICATION TO FLIG...ieijjournal
It is known that if a linear-time-invariant MIMO system described by a state space equation has a number of states divisible by the number of inputs and it can be transformed to block controller form, we can design a state feedback controller using block pole placement technique by assigning a set of desired Block poles. These may be left or right block poles. The idea is to compare both in terms of system’s response.
Exponential State Observer Design for a Class of Uncertain Chaotic and Non-Ch...ijtsrd
In this paper, a class of uncertain chaotic and non-chaotic systems is firstly introduced and the state observation problem of such systems is explored. Based on the time-domain approach with integral and differential equalities, an exponential state observer for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is established to guarantee the global exponential stability of the resulting error system. Besides, the guaranteed exponential convergence rate can be calculated correctly. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to exhibit the feasibility and effectiveness of the obtained results. Yeong-Jeu Sun "Exponential State Observer Design for a Class of Uncertain Chaotic and Non-Chaotic Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20219.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/20219/exponential-state-observer-design-for-a-class-of-uncertain-chaotic-and-non-chaotic-systems/yeong-jeu-sun
ACTIVE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR THE HYBRID SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHAOTIC ZHEN...ijscai
This paper deals with a new research problem in the chaos literature, viz. hybrid synchronization of a
pair of chaotic systems called the master and slave systems. In the hybrid synchronization design of
master and slave systems, one part of the systems, viz. their odd states, are completely synchronized (CS),
while the other part, viz. their even states, are completely anti-synchronized (AS) so that CS and AS coexist in the process of synchronization. This research work deals with the hybrid synchronization of
hyperchaotic Zheng systems (2010) and hyperchaotic Yu systems (2012). The main results of this hybrid
synchronization research work have been proved using Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical examples of
the hybrid synchronization results are shown along with MATLAB simulations for the hyperchaotic
Zheng and hyperchaotic Yu systems.
Instrumentation and Automation of MechatronicIJERA Editor
This paper presents the methodology used for the automation of a mechanical system, which will be used to
perform scans on tooth surfaces, in this paper the mathematical modeling of the structure for further
implementation was carried out in order to get a reconfigurable device using specialized software. To carry out
this study various mathematical tools for developing the mathematical model were used, then control routines
that allow the manipulation mechanism for each axis independently performed. The implementation was carried
out by integrating various electrical, electronic and computer systems for an efficient control of the movement
and location of robot systems.
HYBRID SLIDING SYNCHRONIZER DESIGN OF IDENTICAL HYPERCHAOTIC XU SYSTEMS ijitjournal
In this paper, new results have been obtained via sliding mode control for the hybrid chaos synchronization
of identical hyperchaotic Xu systems (Xu, Cai and Zheng, 2009). In hybrid synchronization of master and
slave systems, the odd states are completely synchronized, while the even states are anti-synchronized. The
stability results derived in this paper for the hybrid synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Xu systems
are established using Lyapunov stability theory. MATLAB simulations have been shown for the numerical
results to illustrate the hybrid synchronization schemes derived for the identical hyperchaotic Xu systems.
Similar to Investigation of auto-oscilational regimes of the system by dynamic nonlinearities (20)
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things ...IJECEIAES
This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R 2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R 2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
A review on internet of things-based stingless bee's honey production with im...IJECEIAES
Honey is produced exclusively by honeybees and stingless bees which both are well adapted to tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia. Stingless bees are known for producing small amounts of honey and are known for having a unique flavor profile. Problem identified that many stingless bees collapsed due to weather, temperature and environment. It is critical to understand the relationship between the production of stingless bee honey and environmental conditions to improve honey production. Thus, this paper presents a review on stingless bee's honey production and prediction modeling. About 54 previous research has been analyzed and compared in identifying the research gaps. A framework on modeling the prediction of stingless bee honey is derived. The result presents the comparison and analysis on the internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems, honey production estimation, convolution neural networks (CNNs), and automatic identification methods on bee species. It is identified based on image detection method the top best three efficiency presents CNN is at 98.67%, densely connected convolutional networks with YOLO v3 is 97.7%, and DenseNet201 convolutional networks 99.81%. This study is significant to assist the researcher in developing a model for predicting stingless honey produced by bee's output, which is important for a stable economy and food security.
A trust based secure access control using authentication mechanism for intero...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary innovation in many aspects of our society including interactions, financial activity, and global security such as the military and battlefield internet. Due to the limited energy and processing capacity of network devices, security, energy consumption, compatibility, and device heterogeneity are the long-term IoT problems. As a result, energy and security are critical for data transmission across edge and IoT networks. Existing IoT interoperability techniques need more computation time, have unreliable authentication mechanisms that break easily, lose data easily, and have low confidentiality. In this paper, a key agreement protocol-based authentication mechanism for IoT devices is offered as a solution to this issue. This system makes use of information exchange, which must be secured to prevent access by unauthorized users. Using a compact contiki/cooja simulator, the performance and design of the suggested framework are validated. The simulation findings are evaluated based on detection of malicious nodes after 60 minutes of simulation. The suggested trust method, which is based on privacy access control, reduced packet loss ratio to 0.32%, consumed 0.39% power, and had the greatest average residual energy of 0.99 mJoules at 10 nodes.
Fuzzy linear programming with the intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbersIJECEIAES
In real world applications, data are subject to ambiguity due to several factors; fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers propose a great tool to model such ambiguity. In case of hesitation, the complement of a membership value in fuzzy numbers can be different from the non-membership value, in which case we can model using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers as they provide flexibility by defining both a membership and a non-membership functions. In this article, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem with intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbers, which is a generalization of the previous polygonal fuzzy numbers found in the literature. We present a modification of the simplex method that can be used to solve any general intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem after approximating the problem by an intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy number with n edges. This method is given in a simple tableau formulation, and then applied on numerical examples for clarity.
The performance of artificial intelligence in prostate magnetic resonance im...IJECEIAES
Prostate cancer is the predominant form of cancer observed in men worldwide. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a guidance tool for conducting biopsies has been established as a reliable and well-established approach in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The diagnostic performance of MRI-guided prostate cancer diagnosis exhibits significant heterogeneity due to the intricate and multi-step nature of the diagnostic pathway. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically through the utilization of machine learning techniques such as deep learning, is assuming an increasingly significant role in the field of radiology. In the realm of prostate MRI, a considerable body of literature has been dedicated to the development of various AI algorithms. These algorithms have been specifically designed for tasks such as prostate segmentation, lesion identification, and classification. The overarching objective of these endeavors is to enhance diagnostic performance and foster greater agreement among different observers within MRI scans for the prostate. This review article aims to provide a concise overview of the application of AI in the field of radiology, with a specific focus on its utilization in prostate MRI.
Seizure stage detection of epileptic seizure using convolutional neural networksIJECEIAES
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seventy million individuals worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a neurological disorder. While electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for diagnosing epilepsy and monitoring the brain activity of epilepsy patients, it requires a specialist to examine all EEG recordings to find epileptic behavior. This procedure needs an experienced doctor, and a precise epilepsy diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. To identify epileptic seizures, this study employed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on raw scalp EEG signals to discriminate between preictal, ictal, postictal, and interictal segments. The possibility of these characteristics is explored by examining how well timedomain signals work in the detection of epileptic signals using intracranial Freiburg Hospital (FH), scalp Children's Hospital Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) databases, and Temple University Hospital (TUH) EEG. To test the viability of this approach, two types of experiments were carried out. Firstly, binary class classification (preictal, ictal, postictal each versus interictal) and four-class classification (interictal versus preictal versus ictal versus postictal). The average accuracy for stage detection using CHB-MIT database was 84.4%, while the Freiburg database's time-domain signals had an accuracy of 79.7% and the highest accuracy of 94.02% for classification in the TUH EEG database when comparing interictal stage to preictal stage.
Analysis of driving style using self-organizing maps to analyze driver behaviorIJECEIAES
Modern life is strongly associated with the use of cars, but the increase in acceleration speeds and their maneuverability leads to a dangerous driving style for some drivers. In these conditions, the development of a method that allows you to track the behavior of the driver is relevant. The article provides an overview of existing methods and models for assessing the functioning of motor vehicles and driver behavior. Based on this, a combined algorithm for recognizing driving style is proposed. To do this, a set of input data was formed, including 20 descriptive features: About the environment, the driver's behavior and the characteristics of the functioning of the car, collected using OBD II. The generated data set is sent to the Kohonen network, where clustering is performed according to driving style and degree of danger. Getting the driving characteristics into a particular cluster allows you to switch to the private indicators of an individual driver and considering individual driving characteristics. The application of the method allows you to identify potentially dangerous driving styles that can prevent accidents.
Hyperspectral object classification using hybrid spectral-spatial fusion and ...IJECEIAES
Because of its spectral-spatial and temporal resolution of greater areas, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has found widespread application in the field of object classification. The HSI is typically used to accurately determine an object's physical characteristics as well as to locate related objects with appropriate spectral fingerprints. As a result, the HSI has been extensively applied to object identification in several fields, including surveillance, agricultural monitoring, environmental research, and precision agriculture. However, because of their enormous size, objects require a lot of time to classify; for this reason, both spectral and spatial feature fusion have been completed. The existing classification strategy leads to increased misclassification, and the feature fusion method is unable to preserve semantic object inherent features; This study addresses the research difficulties by introducing a hybrid spectral-spatial fusion (HSSF) technique to minimize feature size while maintaining object intrinsic qualities; Lastly, a soft-margins kernel is proposed for multi-layer deep support vector machine (MLDSVM) to reduce misclassification. The standard Indian pines dataset is used for the experiment, and the outcome demonstrates that the HSSF-MLDSVM model performs substantially better in terms of accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
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Investigation of auto-oscilational regimes of the system by dynamic nonlinearities
1. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2024, pp. 230~238
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i1.pp230-238 230
Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com
Investigation of auto-oscilational regimes of the system by
dynamic nonlinearities
Isamidin Siddikov1
, Davronbek Khalmatov2
, Gulchekhra Alimova1
, Ulugbek Khujanazarov2
,
Sadikova Feruzaxon1
, Mustafaqul Usanov2
1
Department of Information Processing and Control Systems, Faculty of Electronics and Automation, Tashkent State Technical
University named after Islam Karimov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2
Department of Automation and Control of Technological Processes and Production, Faculty of Cotton Industry Technology, Tashkent
Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Jul 18, 2023
Revised Sep 9, 2023
Accepted Sep 12, 2023
The paper proposes a method for the analysis and synthesis of self-oscillations
in the form of a finite, predetermined number of terms of the Fourier series in
systems reduced to single-loop, with one element having a nonlinear static
characteristic of an arbitrary shape and a dynamic part, which is the sum of
the products of coordinates and their derivatives. In this case, the nonlinearity
is divided into two parts: static and dynamic nonlinearity. The solution to the
problem under consideration consists of two parts. First, the parameters of
self-oscillations are determined, and then the parameters of the nonlinear
dynamic part of the system are synthesized. When implementing this
procedure, the calculation time depends on the number of harmonics
considered in the first approximation, so it is recommended to choose the
minimum number of them in calculations. An algorithm for determining the
self-oscillating mode of a control system with elements that have dynamic
nonlinearity is proposed. The developed method for calculating
self-oscillations is suitable for solving various synthesis problems. The
generated system of equations can be used to synthesize the parameters of
both linear and nonlinear parts. The advantage is its versatility.
Keywords:
Algorithm
Harmonic
Nonlinearity
Self-oscillations
Spline
Synthesis
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Davronbek Khalmatov
Department of Automation and Control of Technological Processes and Production, Faculty of Cotton
Industry Technology, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Email: holdav2015@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of dynamic nonlinearities in control systems of technical objects expands the possibilities of
synthesis of these systems. We classify dynamic elements as nonlinear elements that contain links that make it
possible to obtain, in general terms, the sums of products of coordinates and their derivatives of arbitrary
degrees and orders. In addition, the system may include elements with static nonlinear characteristics. In some
of these systems, the operating modes are stable periodic oscillations-of self-oscillations. Such properties are
typical for control systems for electromechanical objects, electrical power systems, and electric drives with
frequency regulation.
Currently, there is practically no information on possible methods for calculating such systems.
Attempts to use, for these purposes, methods for studying the calculation of systems with static nonlinear
characteristics turned out to be ineffective, due to either low universality or unsuitability for synthesis [1].
Digital modeling, which has become quite widespread in recent years, can be expensive or time-consuming if
2. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Investigation of auto-oscilational regimes of the system by dynamic nonlinearities (Isamidin Siddikov)
231
it is not preceded by a study of the system using approximate or exact methods [2], [3]. Therefore, it seems
appropriate to use a computer in the analytical approach to solve a system of equations, some of which are
nonlinear algebraic.
In works [4]–[10] a numerical-analytical method for calculating self-oscillations in systems with
elements having static nonlinear characteristics was presented. For the development of the results obtained, it
is of interest to be able to extend them to systems with dynamic nonlinearities while retaining such advantages
as universality and algorithm city. Let the system under study of the class under consideration satisfy the
following restrictions: [11]–[14]: i) They can be divided into two parts - linear (LP) and nonlinear (NP), which
in turn can consist of static (NSP) and dynamic (NDP) parts; ii) The function describing the nonlinear static
part satisfies the Dirichlet conditions; and iii) The output variable of the system is a periodic arbitrary
waveform.
The block diagram of the system from the class under consideration is shown in Figure 1. The transfer
function of the linear part is not degenerate and has the form:
𝑊(𝑝) = 𝑀(𝑝)/𝑁(𝑝) = ∑ 𝑏𝑖𝑝𝑖
𝑚
𝑖=0 / ∑ 𝑎𝑖𝑝𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=0 , (1)
where 𝑝 = 𝑑/𝑑𝑡; 𝑎𝑖, 𝑏𝑖 − polynomial coefficients, 𝑚 < 𝑛.
The nonlinear static characteristic is described using a polynomial spline of degree 𝑟 defect 𝑘 on the
grid :
𝑦 = 𝐹(𝑥) + 𝑆𝑟,𝑘(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑥𝑖
𝑟
𝑖=0 , ∀𝑥 ∈ ∆ (2)
where 𝑎𝑠𝑖 - spline coefficients 𝑥𝑖
- input variables.
The link of the NDP system performs the transformation of the input variable (𝑣𝑐) weekend (𝑦𝑑) the
following kind:
(𝑦𝑑) = ∑ 𝑐𝑖𝑗𝑦𝑠
𝑖
𝑦𝑠
(𝑗)
𝐼,𝐽
𝑖,𝑗=0 . (3)
here 𝑦𝑠 - static characteristic output, 𝑦𝑑 - output dynamic response, 𝑐𝑖𝑗 - coefficient transformations.
In what follows, for definiteness, we will consider the NDP link, in which only the coefficients 𝑐00
and 𝑐11 in expression (3) are different from zero, i.e.,
(𝑦𝑑) = 𝑐00𝑦𝑠 + 𝑐11𝑦𝑠𝑝𝑦𝑠 (4)
Desired self-oscillations 𝑧(𝑡) write in the form (5),
𝑧(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑧0 + ∑ 𝐴𝑧𝑘sin(𝑘ω𝑡 + α𝑧𝑘)
𝐿
𝑘=1 (5)
where L- specified number of harmonics to be considered; 𝐴𝑧𝑘 - self-oscillation amplitudes; α𝑧1=0 as a result
of the choice of origin. The procedure for analyzing self-oscillations (5) consists of two stages [15]–[18]:
ii) calculation of the parameters of all possible periodic modes in a given system and ii) selection of stable
modes (self-oscillations) from all modes.
Figure 1. Block diagram of the system
The following is the order in which the material is presented: section 2 explains the method of solving
the problem and reveals the essence of the proposed algorithm. Section 3 contains the simulation results that
were used to verify the proposed self-oscillatory modes of the system by dynamic nonlinearities. Section 4
concludes with a conclusion and recommendations for further use and development of the proposed approach.
3. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2024: 230-238
232
2. METHOD
For any system from the class under consideration, the balance equations for amplitudes and phases
are valid, which follows from the strong connectivity of the system graph. They look like this:
𝑦𝑑𝑘|𝑊(𝑗𝑘ω1)| = 𝐴𝑧𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ [0, 𝐿]; β𝑑𝑙 + arg𝑊(𝑗𝑙ω1) = α𝑧𝑙, 𝑙 ∈ [1, 𝐿] (6)
where 𝑦𝑑(𝑡) = 𝑦𝑑0 + ∑ 𝑦𝑑𝑘sin(𝑘ω1𝑡 + β𝑑𝑘)
∞
𝑘=1 ; and 𝑦𝑠(𝑡) = 𝑦𝑠0 + ∑ 𝑦𝑠𝑘sin(𝑘ω1𝑡 + β𝑠𝑘)
∞
𝑘=1
Taking into account expression (4), we can obtain a relationship between the coordinate parameters
𝑦𝑑(𝑡) and 𝑦𝑠(𝑡):
𝑦𝑑0 = 𝑐00𝑦𝑠0;
𝑦1 =
1
2
𝑐11𝑦𝑐1𝜔1√𝑦0
2
+ 𝑦𝑠2
2
+ 2𝑦0𝑦𝑠2cos(2β𝑠1 − β𝑠2 − β𝑠0)+. . . ,
β𝑑1 = β𝑑1
′
+ π; tgβ𝑑1
′
=
𝑦0sin(β𝑠1 − β𝑠0) + 𝑦𝑠2sin(β𝑠2 − β𝑠1)+. . .
𝑦0cos(β𝑠1 − β𝑠0) + 𝑦𝑠2cos(β𝑠2 − β𝑠1)+. . .
,
where
𝑦0 = 2√𝑦𝑠0
2
+ 𝑐00
2
/(𝑐11
2
ω1
2); 𝑡𝑔β𝑠0 = −𝑐11𝑦𝑠0/𝑐00 (7)
The system of (6), taking into account relations (7), is formally sufficient to determine the parameters
𝑧(𝑡), however, it is not possible to obtain efficient solution procedures due to its complexity. It is advisable,
keeping the system (6), to supplement it with one more equation, which will allow solving the newly formed,
extended system of equations.
We use the analytical-numerical method for calculating essentially nonlinear systems [1] to obtain the
required additional equation [19]–[21]. Let us write the equations of dynamics of the system under study from
the class under consideration in the following form:
𝑥 + 𝑧 = 0; 𝑦𝑠 = 𝐹(𝑥); 𝑦𝑑 = 𝑐00𝑦𝑠 + 𝑐11𝑦𝑠𝑝𝑦𝑠, 𝑧 = 𝑊(𝑝)𝑦𝑑. (8)
where 𝐹(𝑥) - functional.
Further coordinates 𝑦𝑠(𝑡) and 𝑧(𝑡) expanded into the Taylor series in the neighborhood of some
arbitrarily chosen expansion point 𝑡𝑝, 𝑡𝑝 ∈ [0, 2𝜋/𝜔1), in which the y-axis is placed:
𝑧(𝑡𝑝 + 𝑡) = ∑ 𝑅𝑧𝑖𝑡𝑖
/𝑖!
∞
𝑖=0 , 𝑦𝑠(𝑡𝑝 + 𝑡) = ∑ 𝑅𝑦𝑖𝑡𝑖
/𝑖!
∞
𝑡=0 . (9)
where 𝑅𝑧𝑖 and 𝑅𝑦𝑖 - Taylor series coefficients.
Between odds 𝑅𝑧𝑖 and 𝑅𝑦𝑖 near (9) there is a one-to-one relationship determined from the relations
between the coordinates 𝑥, 𝑦𝑠, and z for instance,
𝑅𝑦0 = ∑ 𝑅𝑠𝑖(−𝑅𝑧0)𝑖
𝑟
𝑖=1 , 𝑅𝑦1 = 𝑅𝑧1 ∑ 𝑖𝑎𝑠𝑖(−𝑅𝑧0)𝑖−1
𝑟
𝑖=1 ,
Let us transform the third and fourth equations of system (8) into one equation for the possibility of
referring to the solution procedure. To do this, we will make the following transformations:
−𝑀(𝑝)𝑦𝑑 = −𝑀(𝑝)(𝑐00𝑦𝑠 + 𝑐11𝑦𝑠𝑝𝑦𝑠)
= −𝑀(𝑝) [𝑐00𝑦𝑠 + 𝑐11𝑦𝑠 (𝑅𝑦1 + ∑
𝑅𝑡𝑖
(𝑖−1)!
∞
𝑖=2 )] = −𝑀1(𝑝)𝑦𝑠 − ∑
𝐻𝑖𝑡𝑖
𝑖!
∞
𝑖=0 (10)
where 𝑀1(𝑝) = (𝑐00 + 𝑐11𝑅𝑦1)𝑀(𝑝); ∑
𝐻𝑖𝑡𝑖
𝑖!
∞
𝑖=0 = 𝑐11𝑀(𝑝) [∑
𝑅𝑦𝑖𝑡𝑖
𝑖!
∞
𝑖=0 ] ∑
𝑅𝑦𝑖𝑡𝑖−1
(𝑖−1)!
∞
𝑖=2 ; 𝐻0 = 𝑐11𝑏1
𝑅𝑦0𝑅𝑦2
0!𝑖!
+2𝑐11𝑏2 (
𝑅𝑦1𝑅𝑦2
1!1!
+
𝑅𝑦0𝑅𝑦3
0!2!
) +. ..,
Taking into account transformations (10), a system of (8) can be written as 𝑥 + 𝑧 = 0
−𝑎𝑠1𝑥 + 𝑦𝑐 = ∑
𝑇𝑖𝑡𝑖
𝑖!
∞
𝑖=0 , −𝑀(𝑝)𝑦𝑐 + 𝑁(𝑝)𝑧 = ∑
𝐻𝑖𝑡𝑖
𝑖!
∞
𝑖=0 . (11)
4. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Investigation of auto-oscilational regimes of the system by dynamic nonlinearities (Isamidin Siddikov)
233
Next, the system of (11) is transformed according to Laplace, and the solution is found 𝑧(𝑠) (s-complex
variable) according to Cramer's rule, we obtain
𝑧(𝑠) =
𝑆𝑄(𝑠)+𝑀1(𝑠) ∑ 𝑇𝑖𝑠−𝑖
∞
𝑖=0 +∑ 𝐻𝑖𝑠−𝑖
∞
𝑖=0
𝑁(𝑠)+α𝑠1𝑀1(𝑠)
1
𝑠
= ∑ 𝑅𝑧𝑖𝑠−1 1
𝑠
∞
𝑖=0 , (12)
where 𝑄(𝑠) - polynomial of preinitial.
From (12) we determine the coefficients 𝑅𝑧𝑖, 𝑖 ∈ [0, 𝑛]. For this, the complementary equation of the
analytical-numerical method can be obtained from the expression for 𝑅𝑧𝑛, because the coefficients 𝑅𝑧𝑖, 𝑖 ∈
[0, 𝑛 − 1] identically equal 𝑧0
(𝑖)
. We have (13):
∑ (𝑐00 + 𝑐11𝑅𝑦1)𝑏𝑖𝑇𝑖
𝑚
𝑖=0 + 𝐻0 − ∑ [α𝑖 + α𝑠1(𝑐00 + 𝑐11𝑅𝑦1)𝑏𝑖]𝑧0
(𝑖)
𝑛
𝑖=0 = 0 (13)
In (13) relates the parameters of the system to the parameters of periodic oscillations. After
transformations, we obtain an algebraic equation, for example, the amplitude 𝐴𝑧1 first harmonic:
∑ α𝑖𝐴𝑧1
𝑖
2𝑟
𝑖=0 = 0, (14)
where α𝑖 = α𝑖(𝑝𝑘, ω1, α𝑧𝑒, α𝑗, 𝑏𝑗, 𝑐00, 𝑐11, α𝑠𝜆, 𝑡𝑝); 𝑝𝑘 =
𝐴𝑧𝑘
𝐴𝑧1
.
The complete system of equations for unknown parameters of periodic modes takes the following
form [22]–[24]:
∑ 𝛼𝑖𝐴𝑧1
𝑖
2𝑟
𝑖=0 = 0; 𝑦𝑑𝑘
|𝑊(𝑗𝑘𝜔1)| = 𝑝𝑘
𝐴𝑧1, 𝑙 ∈ [0, 𝐿]; (15)
β𝑑𝑙
+ 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑊(𝑗𝑙ω1) = 𝛼𝑧1, 𝑘 ∈ [1, 𝐿].
We assume that the desired periodic regime exists in the form of two components: some first
approximation 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡), and a segment of the Fourier series 𝑧𝐹(𝑡), obtained from the complete solution z(t),
minus the first approximation. An iterative procedure for step-by-step calculation of two components with
subsequent refinement 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡), due to accounting 𝑧𝐹(𝑡), ends when the predetermined accuracy of the solution
is reached.
Definition of harmonic composition 𝑧𝑝.𝑝 and 𝑧𝐹, based on a preliminary study of the system. As a first
approximation 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡), includes the fundamental harmonics of the oscillations 𝑧(𝑡), (for many systems this is
one and often the first harmonic), which is 𝑧𝐹(𝑡), can contain harmonics both smaller and larger than the
harmonics 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡), frequencies. Let us write down the system of equations for determining the parameters of
the first approximation 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡), having the form of a harmonic signal with a constant component:
𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡)𝐴𝑧0 + 𝐴𝑧1𝑠𝑖𝑛ω1𝑡 (16)
Let us introduce the following notation:
𝑊(𝑗𝑙ω1) = [𝑀𝑅𝑙(ω1) + 𝑗𝑀𝐼𝑙(ω1)]/[𝑁𝑅𝑙(ω1) + 𝑗𝑁𝐼𝑙(ω1)]
𝑀𝑅𝑙(ω1) = ∑ (−1)0.5𝑖
𝑏𝑖(𝑙ω1)𝑖
𝑚
𝑖=0 , 𝑁𝑅𝑙(ω1) = ∑ (−1)0.5𝑖
α𝑖(𝑙ω1)𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=0 , 𝑖 = 0, 2 … ,
𝑀𝐼𝑙(ω1) = ∑ (−1)0.5(𝑗−1)
𝑏𝑗(𝑙ω1)𝑗
𝑚
𝑗=0 , 𝑁𝐼𝑙(ω1) = ∑ (−1)0.5(𝑗−1)
α𝑗(𝑙ω1)𝑗
𝑛
𝑗=0 , 𝑗 = 1, 3 ….
Then from the system of (15), considering relations (7), after transformations, we obtain
∑ 𝑑𝑖𝐴𝑧1
𝑖
2𝑟
𝑖=0 = 0 , 𝑐00𝑏0𝑦𝑠0
= α0𝐴𝑧0;
𝑦𝑠1√𝑐00
2
+ 𝑐11
2
𝑦𝑠0
2
ω1
2
√𝑀𝑅1
2
+ 𝑀𝐼1
2
√1 + 𝑝𝑦2
2
+ 2𝑝𝑦2cos(2β𝑠1 − β𝑠2 − β𝑠0)+. . . = 𝐴𝑧1√𝑁𝑅1
2
+ 𝑁𝐼1
2
;
sin(β𝑠1−β𝑠0)+𝑝𝑦2
sin(β𝑠2−β𝑠1)+...
cos(β𝑠1−β𝑠0)+𝑝𝑦2
cos(β𝑠2−β𝑠1)+...
=
𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝐼1−𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝑅1
𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝐼1+𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝑅1
, (17)
where 𝑝𝑦2
= 𝑦𝑠2
𝑦0
⁄ .
5. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2024: 230-238
234
Often the components 𝑦𝑠𝑘 (𝑘 > 1) of the coordinate 𝑦𝑠(𝑡) are significantly smaller than the
components 𝑦𝑐0 and 𝑦𝑐1. In this case, the second and third equations of system (17) are simplified and have
the following form:
𝑦𝑠1√𝑐00
2
+ 𝑐11
2
𝑦𝑠0
2
ω1
2
√𝑀𝑅1
2
+ 𝑀𝐼1
2
= 𝐴𝑧1√𝑁𝑅1
2
+ 𝑁𝐼1
2
;
𝑐00tgβ𝑠1+𝑐11𝑦𝑠0ω1
𝑐00−𝑐11𝑦𝑠0ω1tgβ𝑠1
=
𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝐼1−𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝑅1
𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝐼1+𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝑅1
. (18)
In the case of an unambiguous static nonlinear characteristic and the first approximation in the form (16), the
phase is equal to (19):
𝑐11𝑦𝑠0
ω1
𝑐00
=
𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝐼1−𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝑅1
𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝐼1+𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝑅1
. (19)
In the case of calculating systems for describing the static nonlinear characteristics of which the cubic
splines of the defect are used 1 (r=3, k=1), and the degrees of polynomials 𝑊(𝑝) − (1): 𝑚 = 1, 𝑛 = 4,
coefficients at the lowest 𝑑0 and senior 𝑑6 degrees 𝐴𝑧1 are determined by the following expressions:
𝑑0 = 𝑐00𝑏0(α𝑠0 − α𝑠1𝐴𝑧0 + α𝑠2𝐴𝑧0
2
− α𝑠3𝐴𝑧0
3 ) − α0𝐴𝑧0 ;
𝑑6 = 3𝑐11α𝑠3
2
ω1sin4
ω1𝑡𝑝[𝑏0sinω1𝑡𝑝cosω1𝑡𝑝 + 𝑏1ω1(5cos2
ω1𝑡𝑝 − sin2
ω1𝑡𝑝)] .
When determining the parameters and form of the periodic mode by calculating a certain first
approximation and its subsequent refinement taking into account harmonics with smaller amplitudes, an
approach is proposed that allows one to abandon harmonic linearization and accept the spline approximation
[25]. We transform the system of (8) into one nonlinear differential equation.
𝑁(𝑝)𝑧 = 𝑀(𝑝)[𝑐00𝑆(𝑧) + 𝑐11𝐹1(𝑧)𝑝𝑧] , (20)
where 𝑆(𝑧) = 𝑆𝑟,𝑘(−𝑧) = 𝑦𝑠 = ∑ (−1)𝑖
α𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑖
𝑟
𝑖=0 ; 𝐹1(𝑧)𝑝𝑧 = 𝑆𝑟,𝑘(−𝑧)𝑝𝑆𝑟,𝑘(−𝑧) = [∑ (−1)𝑖
α𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑖−1
𝑟
𝑖=0 ] .
When determining the parameters of the first approximation 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡) from (20) one can obtain a system
of equations for any of 𝑘 harmonics, 𝑘 ∈ [𝑘1, 𝑘𝑛], included in 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡):
𝑁(𝑝)𝑧𝑝𝑘 = 𝑀(𝑝)𝑦𝑑𝑘 ,
where 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑧𝑛𝑘(𝑡)
𝑘𝑛
𝑘=𝑘1
; 𝑦𝑑
(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑦𝑑𝑘
(𝑡)
𝑘𝑛
𝑘=𝑘1
= 𝑐00𝑠(𝑧𝑝.𝑝) + 𝑐11𝐹1(𝑧𝑝.𝑝)𝑝𝑧𝑝.𝑝.
To calculate the component 𝑧𝐹(𝑡) and clarifications 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡) the following system of equations can be
obtained:
𝑁(𝑝)𝑧𝑝𝑘 = 𝑀(𝑝)(𝑦𝑑𝑘 + 𝐹𝑝𝑘) , 𝑘 ∈ [𝑘1, 𝑘𝑛] ; 𝑁(𝑝)𝑧𝐹𝑙 = 𝑀(𝑝)(𝑦𝑑𝑙 + 𝐹𝐹𝑙) , 𝑙 ∈ [𝑙1, 𝐿] , (21)
where 𝑧𝐹𝑙(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑧𝐹𝑙(𝑡)
𝐿
𝑙=𝑙1
, 𝐹(𝑡) = 𝐹𝑝.𝑝(𝑡) + 𝐹𝐹(𝑡) = ∑ 𝐹𝑛𝑘(𝑡) + ∑ 𝐹𝐹𝑙(𝑡)
𝐿
𝑙=𝑙1
𝑘𝑛
𝑘=𝑘1
= δ𝑦𝑑.
At each iteration, the first (kn-k1+1) equations of system (21) are used to determine and refine the
parameters 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡) the following (L-l1+1) equations, to determine and refine the parameters 𝑧𝐹(𝑡). When
implementing this procedure, it turned out that the calculation time to the greatest extent depends on the number
of harmonics taken into account in the first approximation, so it is recommended to choose the number 𝑘𝑛
minimally and increase it only in the following cases: 1) in the absence of 𝑧𝑝.𝑝 in a priori chosen form, 2) with
poor convergence of the proposed procedure.
In order to single out stable regimes (auto-crawling), it is sufficient to investigate the stability of the
oscillations found in the small. Then (20) can be written in vector form in the following form:
𝐷1𝑝𝑧 = 𝐴𝑧 + 𝑐00𝐵𝑆(𝑧) , (22)
where
𝑧 = 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑛(𝑧1, 𝑧2, … , 𝑧𝑛); 𝑝𝑧 = 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑛(𝑧1, 𝑧2, … , 𝑧𝑛); 𝐴 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔(𝐴1, 𝐴2, … , 𝐴𝑛);
𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑛(𝐵1, 𝐵2, … , 𝐵𝑛) ; 𝑧𝑖 = 𝑊𝑖(𝑝)𝑦𝑑 =
𝐵𝑖
𝑝−𝐴𝑖
𝑦𝑑 ; 𝑧 = ∑ 𝑧𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=1 .
6. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
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235
From (22) one can obtain the equation of the first approximation in variations 𝛿𝑧, which represent deviations
from the unperturbed motion - the regime studied for stability 𝑧(𝑡) :
𝑝δ𝑧 = 𝐷3δ𝑧, (23)
where
δ𝑧 = 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑛(δ𝑧1, δ𝑧2, … , δ𝑧𝑛) ; δ𝑧 = ∑ δ𝑧𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=1 ; 𝐷3 = 𝐷2
−1
𝐷1 ;
𝐷2 = 𝐴 + 𝑐00𝐵𝑆δ ; 𝑆δ =
𝑑𝑆(𝑧)
𝑑𝑧
.
Equation (23) corresponds to some characteristic equation:
φ(𝑝0) = 𝑑𝑒𝑡[𝐷3 − 𝑝0𝐸] = 0. (24)
Having estimated the roots of (24), we can conclude that the periodic regime is stable. To find roots
𝑝𝑜𝑖, 𝑖 ∈ [1, 𝑛], it is necessary to determine 𝑛 systems of partial solutions of the system of (23) on the period
𝑇𝑧 = 2𝜋/𝜔1, satisfying the initial conditions forming the identity matrix. The developed method for calculating
self-oscillations is suitable for solving various synthesis problems. The generated system of equations (15) can
be used to synthesize the parameters of both the linear and nonlinear parts. The advantage is its versatility.
From the whole variety of synthesis problems, we will consider the most characteristic problem for
this class of systems, the problem of synthesis of coefficients 𝑐00 and 𝑐11 dynamic nonlinear part. For
coefficient synthesis 𝑐00 and 𝑐11 according to the given parameters of self-oscillations, (6) of the balance of
amplitudes and phases are used. For definiteness, let us consider the case of the presence of self-oscillations in
the system in the form (16) provided that the components 𝑦𝑠𝑘, 𝑘 > 1, less 𝑦𝑠0, and 𝑦𝑠1. Then the system of
equations for determining the coefficients 𝑐00 and 𝑐11 and unknown frequency ω1 according to the given
parameters 𝐴𝑧0 and 𝐴𝑧1 is combined as (25):
𝑐00 = 𝑝0𝑎0 𝑏0
⁄ ; (𝑐00
2
+ 𝑐11
2
𝑦𝑠0
2
ω1
2)
𝑀𝑅1
2
+𝑀𝐼1
2
𝑁𝑅1
2 +𝑁𝐼1
2 = 𝑝1
2
;
𝑐11 =
𝑐00
𝑦𝑠0ω1
𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝐼1−𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝑅1−(𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝐼1+𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝐼1)tgβ𝑠1
𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝑅1+𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝐼1−(𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝐼1−𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝑅1)tgβ𝑠1
; (25)
where 𝑝 = 𝐴𝑧𝑘 𝑦𝑠𝑘
⁄ , 𝑘 ∈ [0, 1].
Substituting the third equation into the second of the system (25), we obtain an algebraic equation for
the frequency ω1;
с00(𝑀𝑅1
2
+ 𝑀𝐼1
2
) = 𝑝1
|(𝑀𝑅1𝑁𝑅1 + 𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝐼1)cosβ𝑠1
+ (𝑀𝑅1𝑁 + 𝑀𝐼1𝑁𝑅1)sinβ𝑠1
|. (26)
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Let us find the parameters of self-oscillations in the system shown in Figure 1, the nonlinear dynamic
part of which is described by (4). The characteristic of the NSP link is approximated by a spline S3,1(x) on an
uneven grid ∆: −18 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 18. The parameters of the links of the NDP and LP are as follows: c00 = 1; c11 = 1;
m = 0; b0 =15; n= 4; α0=1; α1=4.9; α2=8.3; α4=1.2.
As a first approximation 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡) chooses a harmonic signal with a constant component (16). To find
its parameters 𝐴𝑧0, 𝐴𝑧1 and 𝜔1 we use the first and second equations of system (17), the first equation of system
(18), and (19). As a result, we get (27):
𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡) = 3.08 + 10.9𝑠𝑖𝑛1.06𝑡 (27)
Next, we calculate the component 𝑧𝐹(𝑡). The number of harmonics taken into account by it is limited, for
example, by the condition 𝐴𝑧𝑘 ≥ 0.1𝐴𝑧1, 𝑘 > 1 and specify the parameters 𝑧𝑝.𝑝(𝑡). Having performed two
iteration steps, we finally obtain the following values of the oscillation parameters 𝑧(𝑡).
𝐴𝑧0 =3.5; Az1=9.2; Az2=2.6; Az3=0.9; αz1=1.27; αz2=4.04; αz3=-0.71.
|1 − 𝐴𝑧𝑘𝑙 𝐴𝑧𝑘(𝑙−1)
⁄ | ≤ 0.1, 𝑘 ∈ [0, 1].
7. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2024: 230-238
236
where 𝐴𝑧𝑘𝑙 and 𝐴𝑧𝑘(𝑙−1) – harmonic amplitude values 𝑧(𝑡) respectively on l - th
and (l -1) – th
iteration.
Using the first Lyapunov method, it was found that the oscillations found are stable, i.e.,
self-oscillations. Let's find the coefficients 𝑐00 and 𝑐11 of the NDP link, described by (4), providing obtaining
in the system of Figure 1 self-oscillations in the form (16) with given parameters 𝐴𝑧0=3, and 𝐴𝑧1=11. The
frequency is determined during the synthesis.
From decomposition 𝑦𝑠(𝑡) in a Fourier series according to known 𝐴𝑧0, 𝐴𝑧1 and by the NSP link we
find: 𝑦𝑠0 =0.61; 𝑦𝑠1 =5.36; 𝛽𝑠1 = 𝜋. From the first equation of system (25) we calculate 𝑐00 = 0.328. Of the
eight roots of (26), only three are positive: 𝜔1−1 =0.59; 𝜔1−2 =2.65; 𝜔1−3 =2.56. From the third equation of
system (25) we determine the corresponding values of the coefficient 𝑐11: 𝑐11−1 =-0.9; 𝑐11−2= -10.47;
𝑐11−3= 9.69. As shown by checking the stability of given oscillations in a system with synthesized coefficients
c00 and 𝑐11, frequency only ω1-1=0.59 corresponds to self-oscillations:
𝑧(𝑡) = 3 + 15 sin 0.5𝑡, (28)
In this case, the parameters of the NDP link are as follows: 𝑐00= 0.328; 𝑐11= -0.9. To check the correctness of
the synthesis, we calculated self-oscillations in a system with synthesized 𝑐00 and 𝑐11, and oscillations (28)
were chosen as the first approximation. As a result of one step of iterations, self-oscillations are found that
actually take place in the system.
𝑧(𝑡) = 3 + 14.97 sin(0.59𝑡 + 0.16) + 3.05 sin(2 ∗ 0.59𝑡 − 0.8) + 1.16 sin(3 ∗ 0.59𝑡 + 3.9).
4. CONCLUSION
An algorithm for determining the self-oscillating mode of a control system with elements having
dynamic nonlinearity is proposed. When determining the parameters and form of the periodic regime by
calculating a certain first approximation and then refining it, taking into account harmonics with smaller
amplitudes, we use an approach that allows us to abandon the harmonic linearization and accept the spline
approximation. The developed method for calculating self-oscillations is suitable for solving various synthesis
problems. A comparative analysis of the proposed approach with such well-known methods as the spectral
analysis method showed its effectiveness associated with the linearization of nonlinear characteristics of the
control system. The generated system of equations can be used to synthesize the parameters of both the linear
and nonlinear parts. The advantages include its versatility.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Isamidin Siddikov received his degree in electrical engineering with a degree in
automation and telemechanics in 1976 from the Tashkent Polytechnic Institute, Tashkent,
Uzbekistan. In 1989 he defended his Ph.D. thesis in the specialty of control in technical
systems. In 2016 he defended his doctoral thesis in the specialty “Intellectualization of control
processes for dynamic objects and technological processes.” He is currently a professor at the
Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov. Under his leadership, 17
PhDs were trained. His research interests include the intellectualization of control processes
for nonlinear continuous-discrete dynamic objects, and the developed methods, and models
used in the field of automation of electric power facilities, oil and gas, chemical-technological
industries, and the light industry. In addition, he is a reviewer of leading scientific journals
such as Vestnik TSTU, and Chemical Technology. Control and management”, “Technical
science and innovation”. He is the author or co-author of more than 150 refereed journals and
conference articles, 7 monographs and 4 textbooks, 28 scientific articles indexed in the Scopus
database (Elsevier). He can be contacted at email: isamiddin54@gmail.com.
Davronbek Khalmatov received his degree in system technical engineering with
a degree in automatic control in technical systems in 1997 from the Tashkent State Technical
University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. In 2010 he defended his Ph.D. thesis in the specialty of
control in technical systems. He is currently an assistant professor at the Tashkent Institute of
Textiles and Light Industry. His research interests include the theoretical foundations, methods
and algorithms for synergetic control of mechatronic systems. In addition, he is a reviewer of
the leading scientific journal Textile Journal of Uzbekistan. He is the author or co-author of
more than 70 refereed journals and conference articles, 2 monographs and 4 textbooks, and 4
scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database (Elsevier). He can be contacted at email:
holdav2015@gmail.com.
Gulchekhra Alimova in 2000, she received a bachelor's degree from the Tashkent
Institute of Textiles and Light Industry in the field of Textile Products Technology, and in
2009 she received a master's degree in the specialization of technological processes and
production automation and control, and 2022, 05.01.08 - a PhD in the specialization of
technological processes and production automation and control degree. Currently, she is
working as a Ph.D. senior lecturer at the Department of Information Processing and Control
Systems, Faculty of Electronics and Automation, Tashkent State Technical University. Her
scientific interests are based on the main goal of his scientific activity: the adaptive neural
control system of cotton fiber spinning. In this direction, he has written and published many
scientific articles in domestic and foreign scientific journals, including journals indexed in
Scopus and Web of Science scientific databases. She can be contacted at email:
alimova250979@mail.ru.
9. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2024: 230-238
238
Ulugbek Khujanazarov received a bachelor's degree in automation and control
of technological processes and production in Tashkent Institute Textile and Light Industry in
2007, and a master's degree in automation of technological processes and production in 2009.
Currently, he is a doctoral student at the Department of Automation and Control of
Technological Processes and Production, Faculty of Cotton Industry Technology, Tashkent
Institute Textile and Light Industry. The main goal of her research interests: the control cotton
based on intelligent technological methods is based on algorithms. In this direction, she has
written and published many scientific articles in domestic and foreign scientific journals,
including journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science scientific databases. He can be
contacted by e-mail: uxujanazarov@mail.ru.
Sadikova Feruzaxon received a bachelor's degree in informatics and information
technologies from Tashkent State Technical University in 2017, and a master's degree in
intelligent engineering systems in 2019. Currently, she is a doctoral student at the Department
of Information Processing and Management Systems, Faculty of Electronics and Automation,
Tashkent State Technical University. The main goal of her research interests: the control of
natural gas processing based on intelligent technological methods is based on algorithms. In
this direction, she has written and published many scientific articles in domestic and foreign
scientific journals, including journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science scientific
databases. She can be contacted by e-mail: feruzakhon94@mail.ru.
Mustafaqul Usanov received a bachelor's degree in automation and control of
technological processes and production in Tashkent Institute Textile and Light Industry in
2014, and a master's degree in automation of technological processes and production in 2016.
Currently, he is a doctoral student at the Department of Automation and Control of
Technological Processes and Production, Faculty of Cotton Industry Technology, Tashkent
Institute Textile and Light Industry. The main goal of her research interests: the control cotton
based on intelligent technological methods is based on algorithms. In this direction, she has
written and published many scientific articles in domestic and foreign scientific journals,
including journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science scientific databases. He can be
contacted by e-mail: usanov6063334@gmail.com.