Introdution to Dataops and AIOps (or MLOps)

An introduction to
DataOps & AIOps (or MLOps)
Adrien Blind (@adrienblind)
Disclaimer and credits:
Parts of this presentation have been built with former team mates out of the context of Saagie:
- a broader talk initially co-developed and co-delivered along with Frederic Petit for DevOps D-Day and Snow Camp conferences. Original slides here: https://bit.ly/2Ci3Ilh
- a talk discussing Continuous Delivery and DevOps, co-developed and co-delivered along with Laurent Dussault for DevOps Rex conferences. Slides here: https://bit.ly/2CmEIcB

From (data) experimentation...

… to production
Datascientist
Or
Analyst

The point is to Operationalize data projects
Proof of Concept
Operational product
● Robust, resilient
● Scalable
● Secure
● Updatable
● Shareable

Value is hard to demonstrate
Long time to implement
Rarely deployed in production
Only 27% of CxO considered their Big
Data projects valuable
12 to 18 months to build and deploy
AI pilots
Only 15% of AI projects have been
deployed
Sources
Gartner’s CIO Survey (2018)
The Big Data Payoff: Turning Big Data into Business Value (Cap Gemini and Informatica survey, 2016)
BCG, Putting Artiﬁcial Intelligence to Work, September 2017
Challenges delivering value from Big Data / AI

Fragmented & ever-changing landscape: thousand-piece puzzle, always changing
Challenges ㅡ Technology

DIY, time/budget-consuming, multi-skills, high-risk approach
Grant access
Connect databases /
ﬁles
Integrate data
frameworks
Deploy test jobs &
validate models
Deﬁne new policies
Change algos and
integrate new libs
Rewrite/build ETL
codes to prod
Deploy prod jobs
Monitor & audit
activity
Write/Build ML
codes
Write/Build ETL
codes
Provision cluster(s)
Align processes w/
business reqs
Rewrite/build ML
codes to prod
Challenges ㅡ Process
SecurityIT Ops
Data Engineer IT Ops Data Scientist
Data Engineer Data Scientist
IT Ops
IT Ops
Data ScientistData Engineer
Data Steward Business Analyst

Barriers between organization : silos and different cultures!
Challenges ㅡ People & organization
Data Analyst
Data Steward
BUSINESS
Data Analyst
Data Steward
ANALYTICS
TEAM
Data Engineer
Data Scientists
IT
IT Ops
IT Architect & Coders

But…
Nothing new under the sun?

How DevOps solved it for app landscape?
Manual processing
Have a look on the complete DevOps introduction here: https://bit.ly/3gE5Hj4

Back on DevOps: “You build it, you run it”
Strong automation
Have a look on the complete Devops introduction here: https://bit.ly/3gE5Hj4

ITOps, DevOps, DataOps
AIOPs (or MLOps)…
The point is about operationalization
of several topics!

Information Technology (on premises, cloud, etc.)
#0 ITOps: provide compute & storage to host data processing / models / app code
Infrastructure landscape: infrastructure driven

#1 DevOps
Build, deliver & run apps
Developers need pipelines to
deliver innovative apps
Continuous
improvement
API (used
internally &
shared
externally)
External
API you
consume
Operational I.S. (apps, ERP, CRM…) is API centric.
Input and output are business features as APIs.
Application landscape: API driven

#1 DevOps
#2 DataOps
Process & share data
Data engineers need pipelines to
deliver a capital of data
Internal raw data generated by
your apps
Continuous
improvement
Continuous
improvement
API (used
internally &
shared
externally)
External data
you consume:
opendata, from
partners...
External
API you
consume
Data Information System is data processing centric. Input is data, output is data and data models.
Generally not directly plugged on the operational IS (you copy data and process there)
Input and output are business features as APIs.
Data processing landscape: data driven

#1 DevOps
#2 DataOps
(For
analytics)
As shared datamarts &
more & more as APIs
(Provide
training sets
for AI)
your apps
Datasets
Continuous
improvement
Continuous
improvement
API (used
internally &
shared
externally)
External data
you consume:
opendata, from
partners...
Data you share
externally
Data you share
back to operational IS
External
API you
consume
Input and output are business features as APIs.Data Information System is data processing centric. Input is data, output is data and data models.
Data processing landscape outputs

#3 AIOPs
Explore & build models
Data scientists need pipelines to
deliver valuable models
#1 DevOps
#2 DataOps
Continuous
improvement
(For
analytics)
Performance drift
analysis (to retrain &
optimize models)
As shared datamarts &
more & more as APIs
(Provide
training sets)
your apps
Models
to be bundled
and ran as
APIs in the
operational IS
Datasets
Continuous
improvement
Continuous
improvement
API (used
internally &
shared
externally)
External data
you consume:
opendata, from
partners...
Data you share
externally
Data you share
back to operational IS
External
API you
consume
Input and output are business features as APIs.Data Information System is data processing centric. Input is data, output is data and data models.
Data science landscape: model driven

AIOPs needs DataOps
In the data landscape, spotlights are on data analytics,
and even more on data science/AI which valorize data in a revolutionary way… because they solve business challenges.
… But it requires to have built up a data capital to process ﬁrst!
Said differently, I like to say that…
( of AI ) ( DATA )

Summary: Pensé par les Devs… Pansé par les Ops!
Tech side Non-tech side
#0 ITOps
ITOps operationalizes the delivery of infrastructure assets.
The purpose is to deliver an underlying platform on top of
which assets will be hosted (apps/data processing/ML).
CloudOps lands here, but is opinionated on the way to
achieve this.
Fosters collaboration between Infrastructure teams working
in project mode to deliver new assets, and those running
them (support/run/monitoring, etc.).
#1 DevOps
DevOps operationalizes the delivery of app code (automates,
measure, etc.). The purpose is to deliver innovative
services to the business.
Fosters collaboration between devs who build apps, and ops
responsible to deploying & running these apps. “You build
it, you run it!”
#2 DataOps
DataOps operationalizes the setup of of data (automates
data processing). The purpose is to deliver/shape a capital
(of data).
Fosters collaboration between data engineers who own and
shape the data, and ops deploying the underlying data
processing jobs.
#3 AIOPs
AIOPs operationalizes the delivery of models. The purpose is
to deliver value.
Fosters collaboration between datascientists who explore
data to build up models, and ops delivering these as
useable asset.
Designed by devs, bandaged by the Ops (less fun in english)
So, what about BizDevOps, ITSecOps, DevFinOps, etc.? Business, Security, Finance, etc. are transversal interlocutors / topics which are to be addressed anyway, whatever we’re speaking about DevOps,
DataOps or AIOPs.

Agile & DevOps are not enough for data projects
Agile+Devops was good for app-centric projects, where data was isolated. But data-centric projects triggers new additional
challenges!
● New players to involve: data scientists, data engineers... These may have a completely different background
(mathematicians...) and face the technology differently. → Need common understanding, appropriate ergonomy.
(notebooks, GUI…)
● A recurrent technological/language stack used for the various types of jobs to handle: ingestion, dataprep, modeling… →
Need for a ready-to-use toolbox
● Coordinate the various jobs applied to the data → Need for job pipelining/orchestration
● Feed the dev process massively using production data (ex. for machine learning) → Strengthen security
● Identify the patrimony (cataloging), share data, control spreading → Need for governance

One DataOps deﬁnition
DataOps is a collaborative data management
practice focused on improving the communication,
integration and automation of data ﬂows between
data managers and data consumers across an
organization.
The goal of DataOps is to deliver value faster by
creating predictable delivery and change
management of data, data models and related
artifacts.
DataOps uses technology to automate the design,
deployment and management of data delivery with
the appropriate levels of governance and metadata
to improve the use and value of data in a dynamic
environment.
Source: Gartner - Innovation Insight for DataOps - Dec. 2018

DataOps is gaining momentum
The number of data and analytics
experts in business units will grow
at 3X the rate of experts in IT
departments, which will force
companies to rethink their
organizational models and skill sets.
80% of organizations will initiate
deliberate competency development
in the ﬁeld of data literacy,
acknowledging their extreme
deﬁciency.

Data engineers need pipelines to deliver data
Extract Transform Agregate Share
Shared
Dataset(s)
& data APIs
Data processing
Consumers
That’s where your good old
datawarehouse
generally stands!
If data is the new oil, datalakes are just oil ﬁelds (passive, mass raw of structured & unstructured data),
Hive/Impala & co. are oil rigs, while the DataOps pipelines are reﬁneries, aimed at processing data…
Car engines are the datascience leveraging on this fuel to provide a disruptive way of transportation!
#1 the datalake is not the point (while companies focused on it). Data processing is.
#2 You don’t process data just for the pleasure. You do it to support activities which, them, bring value to the business.
DATALAKE
Data storing: datalakes, object storage, data virtualization

In comparision, Dev needed pipelines to deliver innovative apps
Commit
Compile
& test
Package
Deploy to
Dev &
test
Code
Running
app
Promote
to … &
test
Promote
to PROD

And Data scientists need pipelines to deliver valuable models

ShareTransformExtract
Inception: DataOps (and AIOps) delivered in a DevOps way
CONSUMEAggregate
Data processing jobs (for ingesting, transforming data, etc.) are ﬁnally just pieces of code.
These pieces of code can be delivered themselves using DevOps principles :) Automated through delivery pipelines.

DataOps Orchestrator
Enables the delivery and run of
data projects
DataLab Teams
Data projects governance
Software factory
Inception: DataOps (& AIOPs) to be achieved... in a DevOps way!
Regular landscape for apps (app servers…)
UAT PRODPREPRODDEV
Feature
team x
Feature
team y
Version nVersion n+1Version n+3 Version n+2
Version nVersion n+1Version n+3 Version n+2
Business
needs
API
API

Building up a dataops platform
Concretely, you need a platform performing the following features:
- It must enable to deploy data processing jobs, leveraging on languages/stacks and technologies that are
commonly used by data engineers (Apache Sqoop, python, java…). Regular ETLs may be part of the story
- It must enable to schedule and run pipelines aggregating jobs in logical sequences (acquiring data, preparing it,
delivering it in datamarts (databases, indexing clusters…)
- It must provide data cataloging & governance features (to have a clear view of the data patrimony), and enable to
manage data governance/security (perform access control, etc.)
- It must appropriate types of datamarts regarding the data patrimony (structured/non structured, time oriented or
not, etc.)
- It must have an ergonomy enabling data engineers and dataops persons to be autonomous and productive (avoid
using tools not design for them, such as regular “OPs” schedulers, raw use of complex tools such as
kubernetes…)
Progressively, more event-driven, data streaming projects arrive on the market. They also need appropriate set of
underlying technologies (Kafka clusters among them)

DataOps faces
Organizational side

Datahub commitments: build up a data capital
Data Dictionnary &
catalog
Data Extraction /
Lineage
Expertize animation,
marketing,
communication
Data Exposition Data Processing
Data WareHouse /
Data Lake
Data Viz
Data Quality
Governance /
Security
Modelization
Transversal commitment: Build up & share a transverse data capital for the company
The process is largely geared by DataOps pipelines!
This is an extract from a longer presentation: extensive version can be found here https://bit.ly/33tfoNJ

Datahub commitments: deliver usecases
Data Collection
Data Exploration &
Analysis tools
ML Code
ML Trainning
(Model)
Monitoring
Data Viz
Data Veriﬁcation
Service
Presentation
Deliver valuable usecases for the business
The process is largelly geared by a combination of Devops + Dataops + ML/AIOps pipelines!
This is an extract from a longer presentation: extensive version can be found here https://bit.ly/33tfoNJ

DevOps organizations (remind Spotify?)
Squad Squad Squad
Chapter devs
Tribe
Chapter ...

From DevOps to DataOps & AIOPs
Squad Squad Squad
Chapter devs
Tribe
Chapter ...
Chapter
datascience
Chapter data
engineer
False good idea
Sounds logical, prolongating agile/devops paradigms. But it’s too early! You don’t have the
maturity & critical mass to do this at the begining!

From DevOps to DataOps & AIOPs: short term
Squad Squad Squad
Chapter devs
Tribe
Chapter ...
SquadSquad
Chapter
datascience
Chapter data
engineer
DataHub
Valuableusecasesforthebusiness
Transversa
lactivities
Build a datahub ﬁrst, which create a clear positionning, creates visibility accross the org.
Two objectives: deliver valuable usecases to ignite & show off value of data, while data used for it are the ﬁrst data to integrate you data catalog

Data scientists chapters
(per tribe & datahub)
linked through a guild
From DevOps to DataOps & AIOPs: longer term
Squad Squad Squad
Chapter devs
Tribe
Chapter ...
Squad
Data engineers
chapters (per
tribe & datahub)
linked through a
guild
DataHub
People working on business usescases will progressively get back to the regular organization: if you don’t your just creating a new silo, while the devops/agile
orgz were intended to remove them (paradox). As it was usefull in a ﬁrst step, it should progressively spread in the org. You may only keep few squads to work on
very innovative tech to address new usescases (ex. deep learning when regular ML will become common). They will also be responsible to foster their expertize
through the guild they will animate too. However, you keep people working on transversal data engineering topics)
Valuableusecasesforthebusiness
Transversa
lactivities

Matrix organization & serendipity
This matrix organization (transversal datasets owned by the Datahub, securely shared to several isolated
usecases) enable to factorize the work (so raise your dataset ROI). Each time a usecase team needs a new
dataset, it should be capitalized by integratin the data catalog owned by the datahub (see the central team’s
value ?)
Serendipity: by having a clear understanding of your data patrimony, you can valorize it of course, but it may
also help to give new ideas! “Since I’ve this data, and this one, so I may be able to [your_new_idea_here]”
“If only HP knew what HP knows, we'd be three times more productive”
- Lew Platt, former CEO of Hewlett-Packard
Dataset #1 Dataset #2 Dataset #3 Dataset #4
Usecase #1
Usecase #2
Usecase #3
Data Catalog

Data engineering vs Data Science
[80%]
of a data project is roughly about
data aquisition/preparation/sharing
(data engineering)
[20%]
of a data project is roughly about
data valorization
(data science, data analytics)
→ Your datascientists generally spend most of their time at doing data engineering empirically
when a clear data engineer position doesn’t exist in your organization!
- It’s not very efficient (as datascientists costs much more than data engineers and are difficult to hire)
- They generally doesn’t like this activity (and may leave your company at the end!)
- Happens regularly: two datascientists using same data for different usecases will probably create 2 identical
ingestion/preparation pipelines for their projects (you miss a factorization effect)

Create clear Data Engineer and DataOps positions!
Data Engineers are the tech plumber of data
Key missions
- Create, configure transformation/preparation jobs to ingest and shape the data
- Deliver them through appropriate datamarts (DB, indexing clusters, APIs…)
- In small / fewly constrained setups, he may handle deployment/run of these process himself
in PROD (quite “noOps” pattern), or this is offloaded to a specialized dataops person
mutualized among several data engineers
Background
- More close to a developer / integrator than a datascientist! (but with a sensibilisation on data
challenges and technologies : Sqoop, HDFS, Hive, Impala, spark, Object storage, etc.)
Data analysts & scientists are experts in valorizing the data
Key missions
- Develop BI, analytics, models based on the datasets they have.
Background
- May come from a very non-IT background (former statisticians are commons) Knowledgeable
on specific frameworks (tensorflow, etc.)
The Data stewart is a functional manager of data
Key missions
- Manage governance and security
Background
- Have a functional / business knowledge of data
DataOps guy are the local, specialized OPs
attached to the data engineers & scientists
Key missions
- Offload deployment of jobs, pipelines and various assets built up by the data engineer (and
datascientists) from dev to prod
- Set up CI/CD toolchains and teach data engineers to work “in a devops way”
- Instrument/Monitor data flow and data quality, manage the run time
- ...
Background
- Mostly DevOps person, with sensibilization on data challenges, and technologies
Transversal,
support data
functions

Let’s start with data
industrialization!

How to start?
Focus on early usecases delivery to gain trust: datascientists and
analysts should be your best friends
● Define clear Data Engineer or even DataOps positions
● Provide them an industrial platform, enabling them to be more
autonomous and productive (less round trips with ops)
● Empower pluridisciplinary data project teams and make them
achieve some first (simple!) use cases to create confidence and
gain more budget if needed
● Set up empirically a basic data catalog made of the dataset
gathered and prepared for your usecases
Don’t enforce organization changes yet! Foster day to day collaboration on operational
topics first. Adopting technologies and automation is at the heart of any tech people (IT
dept. at the first row). This is a quite natural process. But changing organization is much
more sensitive (address management reorganization, people objectives changes, etc.).
This should be done in a latter step, when some early victories have helped to gain trust,
and proves your path is the right one.

How to start?
Now, it’s time to shape your datahub
● On the tech side: Automate the whole toolchain (CI/CD); shift to
more (complex) use cases (AI…), scale out platform
● Start changing organization / management: set up your datahub
with a clear commitment, spend more energy on the dataops part,
since enough usecases have been delivered to justify the
factorization/transversal effect
On a longer term, scuttle your work!
● More seriously, your initial siloted approach enabled to have the
critical mass to bootstrap. Now, it’s time to desilot your datalab to
spread in the whole IT dept; if you don’t, you just created a sub data
driven IT, in the larger IT ecosystem, with few porosity

BEWARE
Data engineering is a hidden (‘cause spotlights are on
datascientists) key success factor to accelerate,
increase reliability and enhance ROI of your data
project.
But don’t “do Dataops for Dataops”!
Remind : DataOps is there to serve, offload pains of
datascientists & analysts, which them transform
business needs in solution. Exactly like ITOps is there to
provide infrastructure assets to any app / data teams of
the IT dept...

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75008 Paris - France
Seine Innopolis
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76140 Le Petit-Quevilly - France
Thank you!
@adrienblind

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