TCP uses flow control to regulate the amount of data sent between programs over an IP network. It adjusts the transmission rate based on feedback and network conditions to prevent overflow and ensure efficient transmission. By controlling the data flow, flow control helps maintain data integrity and avoid overwhelming the recipient. TCP implements flow control using mechanisms like window size adjustment, acknowledgment-based control, and the sliding window protocol, which dynamically adjusts window boundaries to optimize data transmission.

1. Introduction to TCP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a core protocol of the Internet
protocol suite. It facilitates the reliable and ordered delivery of a stream of
bytes from one program to another over an IP network.
by Suprith K

2. What is flow control?
1 Regulating Data Flow
Flow control in TCP manages the amount of data sent from one side to another to
prevent overflow or congestion and ensures efficient transmission.
2 Real-time Adjustment
It involves adjusting the transmission rate based on feedback, network conditions,
and the receiving side's ability to process data.
3 Enhancing Reliability
By controlling the data flow, flow control helps in maintaining data integrity and
avoiding overwhelming the recipient.

3. Importance of flow control in TCP
Optimizing Bandwidth
Flow control ensures that the available network bandwidth is used efficiently, minimizing
wastage.
Preventing Bottlenecks
It plays a crucial role in preventing congestion and bottlenecks in the network, ensuring
smooth and steady data transfer.
Buffer Management
Effective flow control helps manage buffers and memory resources, leading to better
utilization and performance.

4. TCP flow control mechanisms
Window Size
Adjustment
TCP uses window size
adjustments to regulate
the flow of data, ensuring
that it matches the
receiver's capacity and
network conditions.
ACK-based Control
The acknowledgment
(ACK) mechanism enables
controlling the flow of data
by confirming the
successful receipt of
transmitted packets.
Sliding Window
Protocol
It involves a dynamic
adjustment of the window
size to allow for a more
efficient and continuous
flow of data, enhancing
throughput.

5. Sliding window protocol
Window Boundary Movement
The sliding window protocol dynamically adjusts the boundaries of the
window, optimizing data transmission based on the network conditions.
Sequencing and Acknowledgment
It ensures the precise sequencing and acknowledgment of transmitted data
packets, maintaining the integrity and order of transmission.
Efficient Data Flow
By allowing overlap of data segments in the window, it enables continuous
and efficient flow of data packets.

6. Congestion control vs. flow control
1
Congestion Control
Focused on managing traffic and network
congestion to prevent packet loss and
ensure fair usage of network resources.
2
Flow Control
Primarily concerned with managing data
transmission rates to maintain a steady and
optimized flow of data.

7. Flow control algorithms in TCP
1. Slow-Start Gradually increases the congestion
window to gauge network capacity.
2. Congestion Avoidance Steadily increases transmission rate until
congestion is detected, then adjusts.
3. Fast Retransmit and Recovery Resends segments when receiving
duplicate acknowledgment.

8. THANK YOU