This document provides an introduction to SQL, including what SQL is, the main SQL commands, concepts in relational database management systems (RDBMS), and examples of key SQL statements. SQL is the standard language for managing relational database systems and is used to store, manipulate, and retrieve data. The document outlines SQL data definition language (DDL) commands to define database schema, data manipulation language (DML) commands to insert, update, and delete data, and data query language (DQL) commands to select data. Examples are provided for creating tables, inserting data, updating records, and performing queries with conditions.
SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
SQL is used to communicate with a database.
SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a database, or retrieve data from a database.
SQL commands are divided into several different types, among them data manipulation language (DML) and data definition language (DDL) statements, transaction controls and security measures.
SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
SQL is used to communicate with a database.
SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a database, or retrieve data from a database.
SQL commands are divided into several different types, among them data manipulation language (DML) and data definition language (DDL) statements, transaction controls and security measures.
PPT on SQL covering topics such as What is SQL, SQL Commands, Data Definition Language (DDL) Commands, Data Manipulation Language (DML) Commands, Data Control Language (DCL) Commands, Data Query Language (DQL) Commands.
Database such as MySQL and SQL server are an integral part of business, hospital, banks and universities. Immensely, Every person who have of access computer or technology eventually work on to store data.
PPT on SQL covering topics such as What is SQL, SQL Commands, Data Definition Language (DDL) Commands, Data Manipulation Language (DML) Commands, Data Control Language (DCL) Commands, Data Query Language (DQL) Commands.
Database such as MySQL and SQL server are an integral part of business, hospital, banks and universities. Immensely, Every person who have of access computer or technology eventually work on to store data.
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2. What is SQL?
Structured Query Language
SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a
computer language for storing, manipulating and
retrieving data stored in relational database.
SQL is the standard language for Relation Database
System. All relational database management systems
like “MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix,
postgres and SQL Server” use SQL as standard
database language.
3. SQL Commands
DDL - Data Definition Language
DML - Data Manipulation Language
DCL - Data Control Language
DQL - Data Query Language
7. SQL RDBMS Concepts
SQL Constraints: (applied on columns)
NOT NULL Constraint
UNIQUE Constraint
PRIMARY Key
FOREIGN Key
CHECK Constraint
Data Integrity:
Entity Integrity: There are no duplicate rows in a table
Domain Integrity: Enforces valid entries for a given column by
restricting the type
Referential Integrity: Rows cannot be deleted which are used by
other records
User-Defined Integrity: Enforces some specific business rules
8. SQL RDBMS Concepts
Data Types:
Character datatypes:
CHAR
NCHAR
NVARCHAR2
VARCHAR2
Numeric datatypes:
NUMBER
BINARY_FLOAT
BINARY_DOUBLE
Date time datatype:
DATE
9. DCL: CREATE USER
1) Define User with Username/Password
2) Grants Sufficient Privileges.
Using SQL Developer (UI, Command)
Using SQL *PLUS (Command)
25. About Me
Ehsan Hamzei
Graduate Student of Geospatial Information System
University of Tehran
Git-Hub: https://github.com/ehsan-hamzei/
Source-Codes: https://github.com/ehsan-
hamzei/Oracle-SQL/
