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Introduction_to_Developmental_Psychology.pptx
- 1. Introduction to Developmental Psychology AN OVERVIEWOF HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
- 2. What is Developmental Psychology? Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how people change and grow over time. - Focuses on physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development. - Covers the entire human lifespan.
- 3. Key Areas ofDevelopment 1. Physical Development 2. Cognitive Development 3. Emotional and Social Development
- 4. Goals of Developmental Psychology -Describe developmental changes - Explain causes of development - Predict future development - Intervene to promote positive outcomes
- 5. Lifespan Stages 1. Prenatal(conception to birth) 2. Infancy and Toddlerhood (0–2 years) 3. Early Childhood (2–6 years) 4. Middle Childhood (6–12 years) 5. Adolescence (12–18 years) 6. Early Adulthood (18–40 years) 7. Middle Adulthood (40–65 years) 8. Late Adulthood (65+ years)
- 6. Key Theorists - JeanPiaget: Cognitive Development - Erik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages - Lev Vygotsky: Sociocultural Theory - Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual Theory - John Bowlby: Attachment Theory
- 7. - refers tohow a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of their world through interaction and experience. Cognitive Development
- 8. Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget) Cognitive development is the process of learning to think, reason, and solve problems. Stages: 1. Sensorimotor (0–2): Learning via senses and movement 2. Preoperational (2–7): Using language and imagination 3. Concrete Operational (7–11): Logical thinking about concrete things 4. Formal Operational (12+): Abstract and hypothetical thinking
- 9. - a keyconcept in developmental psychology. Psychosocial Stages
- 10. Psychosocial Stages (Erik Erikson) Development through 8 stages, each with a unique challenge: 1. Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. Shame 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 8. Integrity vs. Despair
- 11. Sociocultural Theory Vygotsky believedthat a child’s development is deeply rooted in social interactions and the cultural context in which they live. Learning is inherently a social process.
- 12. Sociocultural Theory (Lev Vygotsky) Cognitive development is shaped by social interaction and culture. Key Concepts: • MKO: More Knowledgeable Other • ZPD: Zone of Proximal Development • Scaffolding: Temporary learning support
- 13. Psychosexual Theory Freud’s theorysuggests that personality develops through a series of childhood stages during which the pleasure- seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous zones. Each stage involves conflicts that must be resolved for healthy psychological development.
- 14. Psychosexual Theory (Sigmund Freud) Personality develops through 5 stages of libido focus: 1. Oral (0–1): Mouth 2. Anal (1–3): Toilet training 3. Phallic (3–6): Gender awareness 4. Latency (6–12): Focus on learning 5. Genital (12+): Mature relationships Fixation may affect adult behavior.
- 15. Attachment Theory Attachment theoryexplains how early relationships with caregivers shape a child’s social, emotional, and cognitive development. It focuses on the bond between the infant and the primary caregiver (usually the mother), which serves as the foundation for future relationships.
- 16. Attachment Theory (Bowlby& Ainsworth) Emotional bonds with caregivers shape future relationships. Attachment Types: 1. Secure 2. Avoidant 3. Ambivalent 4. Disorganized Early secure bonds lead to better emotional health and trust.
- 17. Importance of Studying DevelopmentalPsychology Understand human growth and development (Helps understand and support individual growth) Identify developmental issues early (parenting) Guide practices in education and healthcare (teaching, counseling and healthcare) Inform policies and support services (Assists in identifying and addressing developmental issues)
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