introduction to road materials

2. Lecture content
Main Concepts
a) What is road and how it's constructed
b) Structure of the road
c) Responsibilities
d) Main tests for soil, aggregate, concrete and asphalt
Learning How to Learn
a) Recommended studies
b) International codes
c) How to get any specification and how to deal with it
d) how to perform any test
How to work
a) Resume writing
b) LinkedIn and how to deal with it
c) Contracting companies

3. A road is a path connecting
two places that has been
paved or otherwise improved
to allow travel by some
transportations .

4. The beginning of road construction
could be dated to the time of the
Romans. With the advancement
of technology from carriages pulled
by two horses to vehicles.

5. “Tutti le strade portano a Roma”
All roads lead to Rome
was being used as early .
It was based off of the
ancient Roman road system
where roads radiated from
the capital of Rome.

6. The construction of modern
highways did not begin until
the late 19th to early 20th
century , the Long Island
Motor Parkway was the first
roadway design for
automobile use only

7. Highways Is the type of roads
designed to obtains the safe
movement of high-speed
vehicles, through the removal
of intersections.
Atlanta USA
Hannover GER
Buenos Aires, Argentina.

8. Aims from road construction
• Establishing a new community
• Connecting between places
• Extend and development current
axes to prevent wasting time and money

9. Road construction prior studies
1- Exploring studies :
Population
Number – activities –customs and tradition – favorite
conveyance for transportation
Climate
Temperature – humidity – rains –storms - floods
Environmental
Hazards – environmental system
Geology and soil
Structure – stratigraphy –sedimentology – hydrology –
earthquakes – geophysics – pits – water content – classification
– CBR – shear tests

10. Survey
Satellite images - Aerial photographs – topographic maps - GPS
Materials
Sources – types - transportation
Traffic
Volume – classification – weights
Obstructions
Mountains – dams – rivers – seas – railways
– villages –sand dunes – airports – factories ……etc
At the end of this stages we selecting suitable three paths
for road

11. 2- Primary studies
More detailed for above sections but work will be at the three
chosen paths , making traverse for every one of them , setting
in-out , then at the end of this stage we will select the best
path for our road
3- Final detailed studies
More deeply for every section in exploration studies
Drawings
Soil and material studies
Quantities
Specifications

12. Profile
Horizontal curves
provides a transition between
two tangent strips of roadway,
allowing a vehicle to turn at
a gradual rate rather than
a sharp cut

13. Vertical curves
provides a transition between
two sloped roadways, allowing a
vehicle to negotiate the elevation
rate change at a gradual rate
rather than a sharp cut

14. Cross section
Lanes – shoulders – median - sidewalks – curbs –
slopes - barriers – bikeways – infrastructures

18. Pavement structure

19. Soil
A mixture of mineral grains
And solid particles with liquid
and gas in the empty space
between the solid particles

20. Sampling
Representative
Size
Transportation
Information

21. Reducing site sample to
Test size
Mechanical Splitter
Quartering method

22. Moisture content (mc%)
Oven
Speedy

23. Sieve analysis
Sorting the grains with same
diameter and determination
of particle size distribution
using specified sieves

24. What are these
numbers ?

25. Distribution curve

26. Atterberg Limits
(soil passing #40 - 0.425 mm )

27. Plastic Limit

28. Liquid limit
Casagrand method

29. Cone penetration method

30. Plasticity index
PI = Liquid limit – plastic limit
Higher PI
Higher plasticity
Higher swelling
Higher compressibility
Higher activity
Higher volumetric change

31. Soil classification (AASHTO) system

32. Compaction
Process of increasing of unit weight of soil by forcing soil solids
into a dense state and decrease air voids
Tests
Lab ( Proctor )
In situ (sand cone – nuclear gauge )

33. Proctor test (moisture – density relation)
Which Moisture content will give us maximum dry density
Standard – modified
Layers
Blows
Weight
Height
mold

36. Sand cone

37. California Bearing Ratio CBR
Potential strength determination

38. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45
Penetration (inches)
LoadonPiston(psi)

39. Sand equivalent
How much clay in the sample ?

40. Aggregate tests
-Sampling
-Sieve analysis
-LL , PI
-Sand equivalent
-Unit weight
-Flat and elongated

41. - Specific gravity and absorption for coarse
aggregate

42. - Specific gravity and absorption for Fine aggregate

43. Abrasion resistance (Los Anglos)
No.12 sieve

44. Soundness test

45. Bitumen
Asphalt
Natural Artificial
Tar

46. Asphalt

47. Penetration

48. kinematic viscosity

49. Softening point

50. Thin Film Oven Test

51. Flash point

52. Marshall

53. Extraction

54. Density and thickness

55. Cement

56. hydration

57. - Fineness
Sieve no 170
- Consistency of paste
- Initial setting time
- Final setting time
Initial needle
Final needle

58. Compressive strength

59. Concrete
Suspension of coarse aggregate particles in mortar
mortar
Suspension of fine aggregate particles in paste
Paste
Suspension of cement particles in water

60. Admixture
add to the concrete to enhancing their properties or adding a
new property
Chemical
Water reducer , retarders , accelerators , plasticizers , add color
Mineral
Fly ash – slag – silica fume

61. Red , green concrete

62. Concrete mixer truck

63. Slump test

64. Temperature

65. Cube test for concrete

66. Compressive strength

67. Learning How to learn

68. MOOC

69. Recommended studies
Codes
How to get them
How to deal with them
Places to study

70. Resume
Make a time
Be brief
Market yourself
Font , Format
revise
update

71. Personal information
Target position/career objective
Education
Summary
Experience
Trainings
Courses
Skills
activities

72. Cover letter
Dear …….,
(Intro )
I would like to apply for position ….., kindly find attached
resume .
(body)
I have ...(experience or education and skills )
(End)
Thank you for taking the time to consider this application and I
look forward to hearing from you in the near future.
Yours sincerely
Your name

73. Network
Family , friends , neighbors, professors,
beers
Online (companies – websites )
By hand

74. Header
Experience
Summery

75. Recommendation
Awards
Volunteer work
Skills & Courses
Education

77. Companies

79. Develop your self
Apply what you learn
Don’t be afraid of work problems
Help others

80. Further reading
Soil mechanics , Carig
Principle of geotechnical engineering ,Barja Das
Concrete technology , john newman
Neville, A.M. and Brooks, J.J.," CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY", ELBS .1990.
Asphalt Institute-The Asphalt Handbook. No 4 (1989)
AASHTO( American association of state highway and transportation officials)
ASTM(American society of testing materials )
‫للطرق‬ ‫المصرى‬ ‫الكود‬–‫التربه‬ ‫ميكانيكا‬ ‫كود‬–‫المصرى‬ ‫بالكود‬ ‫للخرسانه‬ ‫المعمليه‬ ‫االختبارات‬
‫الرصف‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫فى‬ ‫مقدمه‬...‫على‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫رمضان‬
‫واالساسات‬ ‫التربه‬ ‫ميكانيكا‬....‫القصبى‬ ‫الفتاح‬ ‫عبد‬
‫الجوده‬ ‫ضبط‬ ‫وطرق‬ ‫االسفلتيه‬ ‫المواد‬....‫حمد‬ ‫ابو‬ ‫خليل‬
‫المسلحة‬ ‫الخرسانة‬ ‫لمشروعات‬ ‫الجوده‬ ‫وضبط‬ ‫ادارة‬.......‫الريدى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫محمد‬

81. Special thanks to
https://www.facebook.com/groups/ZG.UP.Team/

82. Regards ,
AmrElgabry
eg.linkedin.com/in/amrelgabry/
https://www.facebook.com/amrelgabry17/