The document provides an overview of program development, including the use of pseudocode and flowcharts to represent logical steps in solving programming problems. It outlines the program development cycle, which encompasses understanding problems, logic planning, coding, and execution. The document further demonstrates how to write pseudocode and draw flowcharts with specific examples like doubling a number and calculating areas.

1. Jannatul Ferdous Ruma
Lecturer, Department of CSE
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)
Introduction to
Programming

2. 2
Overview
• Simple program development
• Pseudocode statements
• Flowchart symbols

3. Understanding the Program Development Cycle
● Program development cycle (do not memorise)
○ Understand the problem
○ Plan the logic
○ Code the program
○ Use software (a compiler) to translate the program into
machine language
○ Execute/run the program
3

4. Understanding the Program
Development Cycle (continued)
4

5. Using Pseudocode Statements
and Flowchart Symbols
● When we solve a problem there are some logical steps that we follow
● Pseudocode
○ English-like representation of those logical steps
● Flowchart
○ Pictorial representation of those logical steps
5

6. Writing Pseudocode
● Pseudocode representation of a number-doubling problem
start
input myNumber
set myAnswer = myNumber * 2
output myAnswer
stop
6

7. Writing Pseudocode (continued)
● Pseudocode begins with a statement start and ends with a terminating statement
stop
● Flexible because it is a planning tool
7

8. 8
Using Flowchart Symbols
• Input symbol
o Indicates input operation
o Parallelogram

9. 9
Using Flowchart Symbols
• Processing symbol
o Processing statements such as
arithmetic
o Rectangle

10. 10
Using Flowchart Symbols
• Output symbol
o Represents output statements
o Parallelogram

11. Drawing Flowcharts (continued)
● Flowlines
○ Arrows that connect steps
● Terminal symbols
○ Start/stop symbols
○ Shaped like a racetrack
11

12. Flowchart Symbols and Pseudocode Statements
Flowchart and pseudocode of program that doubles a number

13. 13
Flowchart: Adding Two Numbers
Pseudocode
Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Input first number A
Step 3 : Input second number
B
Step 4 : Add the two numbers
and store it in total
Step 5 : Print Total
Step 6 : Stop

14. 14
Flowchart: Calculating area of a square
Pseudocode
Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Read value for a (side)
Step 3 : [Compute] Area = A * A
Step 4 : Output Area
Step 5 : Stop
Complete the flowchart.

15. Flowchart: Find the average of three numbers
Pseudocode
Flowchart