Potential +/- Difference Inc. Clean-Tech Solutions at a Glace... Global Clean-Tech Problem No. 1 Electric generator Back EMF Induced Counter-Electomotive-Torque causing system deceleration on-load and EV deceleration during regenerative braking. PDi Solution: Delay generator load current by 45 degrees and reverse said torque and create Back EMF induced Complementary-Electromotive-Torque allowing system acceleration on-load and EV acceleration during EV Regenerative Acceleration Global Clean-Tech Problem No. 2 Transformer Back EMF Induced Magnetic Fields and Load Power Factor causing transformer efficiency overheating and efficiency losses. PDi Solution: Divert and delay said magnetic fields and use them to do useful work. Global Clean-Tech Problem No. 3 Water chemical contamination and removal difficulties. PDi Solution: Evaporate contaminated water and remove chemicals from the steam.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO
POTENTIAL +/- DIFFERENCE INC.
“A perfect storm of innovations company”

2. “Don't fight forces, use them”
~ R. Buckminster Fuller
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Clean-Tech Solutions at a Glace...
Global Clean-Tech Problem No. 1
Electric generator Back EMF Induced Counter-Electomotive-Torque
causing system deceleration on-load and EV deceleration during regenerative braking.
PDi Solution:
Delay generator load current by 45 degrees and reverse said torque
and create Back EMF induced Complementary-Electromotive-Torque
allowing system acceleration on-load and EV acceleration
during EV Regenerative Acceleration
Global Clean-Tech Problem No. 2
Transformer Back EMF Induced Magnetic Fields and Load Power Factor
causing transformer efficiency overheating and efficiency losses.
PDi Solution:
Divert and delay said magnetic fields and use them to do useful work.
Global Clean-Tech Problem No. 3
Water chemical contamination and removal difficulties.
PDi Solution:
Evaporate contaminated water and remove chemicals from the steam.

3. The Innovation “Storm” Before the Calm...
Background of Potential Difference Inc:
Potential Difference Inc. (PDi) is a Canadian Clean-Tech Research & Development company
located in Mississippi Mills Ontario. PDi was incorporated in 2005 by Kevin Thistle, JC
Cunningham, Kim Cunningham and Thane Heins.
PDi's Area of Expertise is:
1. Electric Power Generation (hydroelectric and wind),
2. Electric Power Consumption Reduction,
3. Electric Vehicle Motor Development (EV range extension), and
4. Water Purification with an emphasis on chemical contamination extraction and
recycling (via fractional distillation).
Potential Difference Inc. Innovations:
PDi is currently commercializing three of its innovations globally;
1) Regenerative Acceleration Generator Innovation (ReGen-X).
2) Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT).
3) Hydro Chemical Stripper - Fractional Distillation Water Purifier (H2OP)
PDi Innovations:
PDi Regenerative Acceleration Generator Innovation (ReGen-X):
(US Patent Pending Application Number US14059775)
Overview: The ReGen-X Generator is a new Salient Pole electric generator coil design that
employs a 45 – 90 degree load current delay (http://slidesha.re/1gAMqIa). The Salient Pole
generator coil and load current delay allows the ReGen-X Generator to reverse the EV
generator's induced Counter-Electromotive-Torque which is responsible for the parasitic
regenerative braking or deceleration of the EV while the generator is charging the EV's
batteries. The ReGen-X Generator allows EVs to partially recharge themselves as they drive
without any parasitic
regenerative braking
effects.
Typical ReGen-X EV
Integration

4. Background: EV regenerative braking is a colloquial term for Generator Armature Reaction
which is a resistive Counter-Electromotive-Torque produced inside the generator when the
generator is delivering power to a load thus leading to deceleration (braking) of the EV.
Generator Armature Reaction in conventional electric generators necessitates an increase in
the mechanical drive shaft input power driving the generator or the generator will slow down
under load and eventually stall.
The required drive shaft mechanical power increase is always greater than the energy
delivered by the generator because the generator's efficiency (the mechanical to electrical
conversion efficiency is always a percentage number less than 100%).
The more power delivered by a conventional electric generator the greater the magnitude of
the armature reaction (counter-torque) produced inside the generator and the more the input
torque needs to be increased to keep the generator from slowing down.
ReGen-X Principle of Operation: The ReGen-X Generator does not require an increase in
mechanical drive shaft input power when placed on-load because the the generator's
Armature Reaction is delayed and reversed. The ReGen-X generator does not produce a
counter-torque on-load but rather a complementary-torque instead. This requires a decrease
in drive shaft input mechanical power if a set system speed is desired.
NRC test of a ReGen-X Generator prototype at Ottawa University in 2009, showed a 40%
input power decrease while the ReGen-X Generator delivered over 200% more output to the
same load at the same system speed over the conventional generator.
NRC Third Party ReGen-X Test Data: (http://slidesha.re/1oF32sh)
Because the Salient Pole ReGen-X Generator reverses
regenerative braking effects, the ReGen-X generator now
allows pure EVs to partially recharge themselves as they
drive without any parasitic deceleration effects – greatly
increasing the EV's range between plug-in charging.

5. The third party testing by NRC scientist Doug Hart wick showed that the conventional
generator required a 12% input power increase when placed on-load whereas the ReGen-X
Generator delivered over 2X more power to the load with less input power than was required
by the system while idling on no-load.
Thoroughly tested, replicated and validated at MIT and the University of Ottawa from 2008 –
2010.5 the ReGen-X Generator has also been replicated and performance validated at JLN
Labs France: (http://www.slideshare.net/NaudinJeanLouis/full-tests-report-on-the-regenx-replication-by-jln)
as well as in in Holland by a Dutch Electrical Engineer: (http://bit.ly/1gB00Lz)
Now any and all type of electricity generation methods
employing the ReGen-X Generator innovation will require
LESS input mechanical drive shaft power on-load than is
required at idle on no-load. And the more power delivered
to the load the less input mechanical power is required.
Quite literally the “sky is now the limit”

6. ReGen-X Generator Documentation:
ReGen-X US Patent 14059775:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/pdi-regenerative-acceleration-
generator-regenx-2013-patent-disclosure
EV World ReGen-X Performance Review:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/heins-effect-gaining-credibility-
ev-world
EV World ReGen-X Article #1:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/mike-brace-ev-world-article-
july-9-2010-8308236
ReGen-X Evaluation by RE Power and Water California:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/potential-difference-
regenerative-acceleration-report-10-apr12-ca-comments-120501-mga-
12-may12
ReGen-X Torque vs Conventional Generator Torque:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/regenx-short
PDi Report to NRC:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/potential-difference-nrc-report-final
NRC ReGen-X Testing at Ottawa University 2009:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/ottawa-university-nrc-regenx-test-setup
Torque Tests for Magma International:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/magna-international-sept20-th-2009-generator-torque-testing
PDi Manning Innovation Nomination:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/thane-heins-manning-nomination
ReGen-X Industry Demo and 3D Film Shoot:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5gozag4ams&feature=player_embedded
Renfrew Mercury Press:
http://www.insideottawavalley.com/news-story/4034331-multi-million-dollar-opportunity-for-renfrew-native/
Toronto ReGen-X EV World & Industry Demo:
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgHFhNMkDiw
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCRx9MW-a7M
JLN Labs France ReGen-X Replications:
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXmmSUnHJKo
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUrlhXJU4k8
3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-Q4Wd6B5Ts
4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0Q0jq0enYU
5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUrlhXJU4k8

7. “An Innovation Who's Time Has Come”
Immediate ReGen-X Innovation Applications:
1. Electric vehicle motor/generators.
2. Automotive alternators.
3. Hydro electric generators.
4. Urban wind turbines and generators.
5. KERS/KEGS systems.
6. Regenerative Electric Motors.
.

8. PDi Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT)
(US Patent Pending Application Number US17162537)
Overview: The Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) is a new transformer design that now allows all
transformers to deliver power to a load with the same input current that is required on no-load
and to always operate with a near no-load power factor while on-load regardless of the load
power factor.
Background: The BiTT differs from conventional transformer designs that have primary and
secondary windings that are magnetically linked together.
The BiTT has two secondary windings and an alternative flux path route which magnetically
de-links the primary from the secondary coils. This design allows the secondary coil's BEMF
induced magnetic flux to provide the on-load flux magnitude increase which is required to
deliver power to a load. This allows the BiTT primary to operate constantly and very efficiently
at a no-load input current level whether off or on-load and for the secondary coils to “self-
power” themselves with their own BEMF induced flux.
The BiTT primary coil consumes almost pure Reactive Power on no-load and the BiTT Power
Factor does not change dramatically when placed on-load (more than 90% less than
conventional transformer designs). This is due to the fact that the secondary coil BEMF
induced fluxes do not enter the high reluctance primary core and remain in the lower
relucatance outer toroid ring. Finite Element Analysis: http://jnaudin.free.fr/dlenz/DLE05en.htm
Conventional Transformer Principle of Operation:
Conventional transformers have a primary and
a secondary which are magnetically linked by
a ferromagnetic core. The coupling coefficient
for a conventional transformer between the
primary and the secondary is 1 and the coupling
coefficient between the secondary and the primary
is also 1. This mutual coupling coefficient is important
because it ensures that the primary coil's magnetic flux
is transferred to the secondary coil as efficiently as possible and vice versa.

9. When the conventional transformer is placed
on-load, current flows in the secondary coil
to the load. This current induces a BEMF
magnetic field into the primary core. This
secondary BEMF induced magnetic flield (or
flux) couples directly back into the primary coil
because there is a mutual coupling coefficient
of 1 between the secondary and primary coils.
The magnitude of secondary induced magnetic flux entering the primary coil's core reduces
the primarys coil's impedance (AC resistance) and as a result more source current is able to
flow into the primary coil.
This increase in primary current also increases the primary's magnetic flux magnitude
delivered to the secondary coil which is critically important for the secondary to deliver power
to the load. Without the on-load flux magnitude increase the secondary voltage would
collapes on-load and no power would be delivered to the load.
The problem with said required primary current increase is that it comes at a very high
price due to primary heating, resultant losses in transformer efficiency and reduced
transformer life span.
Critical and costly design steps must be taken to ensure that the transformer primary does not
overheat, burn up, catch fire or explode.
Critical operational load
restrictions must also be
observed to allow conventional
transformers to deliver useful
output with minimal loss due to
heat.
All of these factors lead to
restrictions in conventional
transformers effectiveness
across variable operational
ranges and require many
different transformers to
accommodate different load
conditions if transformer
efficiency and operational
protection is to be maintained.

10. RS
Ohms
VP
Volts
VS
Volts
IP
Amps
IS
Amps
PP
Watts
PS
Watts
Open 119 238 3.2 0 50 0
100 99 198 4.8 2.0 114 395
20 60 120 12.1 6.0 729 717
5 24 48 19.2 9.6 1844 460
1 5.7 11.4 22.9 11.4 2612 131

11. BiTT Principle of Operation and Design:
The Bi-Toroid Transformer
design empolys two secondary
coils and the coupling coefficient
between the primary and the
two secondary coils is 1.
On no-load the BiTT operates
like any conventional transformer
although the primary flux is split
and shared between the two
secondaries.
The Power Factor is ideally zero on
no-load with pure Reactive Power
being consumed in the BiTT
primary.
The BiTT differs operationally from
a conventional transformer when
placed on-load.
The secondary BEMF induced magnetic
flux couples from one secondary
coil to the other via the low
reluctance outer flux path route
and avoids the high reluctance
primary core route.
This flux diversion technique;
1) Allows the primary no-load
input current to be
maintained and to not
increase under load.
2) Allows the primary heat
losses to be minimized at
no-load levels even with
short circuits on each
secondary.
3) Allows the BiTT to operate
with a no-load Power
Factor while on-load with
purely resistive loads on
the secondaries.

12. BiTT Magnetic Diode:
The BiTT is essentially a magnetic diode and only allows power delivery in one direction. The
coupling coefficient between the two secondaries is 1 whereas the coupling coefficient
between the secondary coils and the primary is 0.
The BiTT completely isolates primary coil from the load with regards to on-load current
magnitude increases and power factor variations.
Magnetic Diode for Generators: When employed between an electric generator and a load
the BiTT also isolates the generator from the load allowing the generator to deliver Reactive
Power to the BiTT primary while the BiTT secondaries deliver Real Power to the load.
Magnetic Diode for Motors: When placed between a motor and the grid the BiTT allows the
motor to operate with a near zero Power Factor as well.
Conventional Transformer BiTT
On-Load On-Load
Load Power Factor = 1 Load Power Factor = 1
In head to head comparison between a conventional transforer and a BiTT on the same load
the BiTT Power Factor is reduced by 92% while the primary current remains unchanged from
no-load to on-load and in some cases primary current is even reduced when placed on-load.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjHKjmHrSWM&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg

13. Bi-Toroid Transformer Documentation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4bXjL4HUHs&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/bitt-jln-labsreport-independent-third-party-test-france
http://www.slideshare.net/PotentialDifferenceInc/philips-bitt-basic-principle-v4
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/femm-bi-tt-simulation-1

14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjHKjmHrSWM&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Q3NaNEmdok&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0UZHWhHzyo&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_zgR5fyF30&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9

15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdL5EFkfxBQ&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xd6iBh4vHq4&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ex21QOkGANo&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9

16. Hydro Chemical Stripper - Fractional Distillation Water Purifier (H2OP)
The PDi Hydro Chemical Stripper Water Distiller employs fractional distillation to remove and
recycle chemical contamination from tainted water.
Full water tests and additional explinations are here:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/pdi-water-distiller-summary
Thane C. Heins
President & CEO
Potential +/- Difference Inc. R & D
"We generate solutions"
Email: thaneh@potentialdifference.ca
Cell: 613.795.1602

17. Technology Endorsements & Industry Comments
"As I'm concerned this is a work of GENIUS (and a rather major one at that)."
- Les Virany BSEE MIT Former USPTO examiner and Registered Patent Agent
"As a mechanical engineer I'm here to explain how it works and why it works. And it does work;
over a dozen of us were witness to that last Monday (as well as a film crew--filming in 3D no
less!)."
-Mike Brace, Tech Editor EV World (2012)
"This is the Holy grail for generators."
-NRC Scientist Doug Hartwick at Ottawa University (2009)
"This is a freakin' game changer!"
-Mike Elwood, Chairman Electric Mobility Canada at Ottawa University (2009)
"Of course it accelerates when a load is applied...! This represents several new chapters in
physics, that is why we are consulting MIT."
-Dr. Habash, University of Ottawa (2007)
"It works and it is not something I would have expected, now I am just trying to figure it out?"
-Dr. Marcus Zahn at MIT (2007)
"A number of your experiments are not lying in the field of Maxwellian electrodynamics? That is
fascinating! I will inform you on any progress that i'll make along with reports."
-Dr. Evstigneev N.M., Leading Scientist, Department of Chaotic Dynamics, Institute for
System Analysis, Russian Academy of Science (2009)
"Your claims seem to violate the law of conservation of energy and Maxwell's equations of electro-
magnetics." I will send you a short proposal, including my plan of work, estimate of cost, etc.
Then we can sign a short agreement and proceed."
-Mehrdad (Mark) Ehsani, Ph.D., P.E., F.IEEE, F.SAE, Robert M. Kennedy Professor &
Director, Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory & Advanced Vehicle Systems
Research Program, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M
University (2008)
"This is absolutely fascinating stuff you are doing!"
-Joseph Shin, Electricity and Magnetism Professor, Concordia University (2011)
"If possible would like to meet with you to discuss your approach to the Association and of course
to get a better feel about the physics behind your invention. I would still like to see what you are
doing and perhaps we can include some of your material on our website newsletter?"
-David Mann, Canadian Association for the Advancement of Science (2009)
"Thane, Your Press Release was most interesting to me as a physicist and an engineer. The level of
technical detail was adequate to tell me that you probably have made a very significant advance
in applied physics and in safely and successfully handling a new source of electric power.
Congratulations!"
-Dr. Stanley Townsend, University of Toronto & Former Managing Editor of the Canadian
Journal of Physics (2006)
"We are interested in using the ReGenX technology in our LinkVolt Project to reduce roadside
refueling."
-Neil Young, LincVolt Project (2011)

18. "The magnetics lab here at Goddard expressed some interest in having you come down to do a
colloquium."
-NASA (2008)
"We really are more interested in developing its use and application for military power
requirements."
-US Air Force (2009)
"I have asked Mr. Gilles Brassard, A/Director, Spacecraft Payload here at the Canadian Space
Agency to look at your technologies and to visit your laboratory."
-Canadian Space Agency (2009)
"I am writing to ask you to submit what you feel would be an appropriate document to describe
your regenerative acceleration technology for circulation to our Committee members."
-Al Cormier, Executive Director Electric Mobility Canada (2009)
"You seem to have made an interesting discovery. Our internal physics experts review this
information and have determined that it is very interesting work."
-Mike Simpson, Transportation Analyst Rocky Mountain Institute (2009)
"Would you be willing to contribute an article on this technology to the Journal for Engineering and
Public Policy?"
-Donald Wallace, Executive Director Ontario Centre for Engineering and Public Policy
(2009)
"Thanks for providing technical information. If the effect of your invention is really true, I am sure
there will be strong needs in the market."
-Nissan Japan (2012)
"I would like to know why you are not the toast of the town... this technology can be offered as a
range extension option to our clients."
-Thomas Fritz, Vice President Electric Vehicle Operations, CODA Automotive (2012)
"The technology looks really interesting and is revolutionary. I would like to learn more about the
technology. Is it possible to organize a demo or a lecture in the USA?"
-Chrysler Electrified Powertrains (2012)
"This sounds interesting. I'd like you to connect with our Fuel Economy Learning Program
manager, to schedule a time for you to come in and share the technology with us. We need to
know more about the Physics behind it."
-General Motors (2012)
"It would be fitting for the inventor of the automobile to be first with your revolutionary
technology and for me to play a role in that would be awesome!"
-Mercedes-Benz (2012)
"When we finally understand what Thane Heins has discovered, we likely will have to rewrite the
laws of electromagnetism."
-Mike Brace EV World Tech Editor (2010)