The document discusses pediatric nursing, defining it as a specialized area of nursing focused on the care of children from conception to adolescence in both health and illness. It highlights the unique physiological and developmental needs of children, the importance of patient-family-centered care, and the various roles that pediatric nurses play. Additionally, it addresses trends, ethical and legal issues in child health nursing, and emphasizes the rights of children in care.

2. From: Mumtaz Ali Khan

3. Introduction To
Paediatric Nursing
By : Mumtaz Ali Khan
Prepared : By Mumtaz Ali Khan

4. PAEDIATRICS
Pedia
Means
Child
A perfect gift

5. PAEDIATRICS
PAEDIATRICS
 Iatrike
Iatrike means treatment
means treatment
 Ics
Ics means branch of science
means branch of science

6. Differences between Adult and Paediatric
Differences between Adult and Paediatric
Nursing
Nursing
Treating a child is not like treating a miniature adult.
 Anatomical differences- body size
differences
 Maturational changes- Body systems
 Physiological- lack of reserves
 Congenital defects & genetic variances
 Developmental issue Communication barriers
Communication barriers
 Legal issues
 Emotional Differences
Emotional Differences
 Procedures

7. DEFINITION- PAEDIATRICS
 Branch of medical science that deals with
Branch of medical science that deals with
the care of children from conception to
the care of children from conception to
adolescence in health and illness.It is
adolescence in health and illness.It is
concerned with preventive,promotive,
concerned with preventive,promotive,
curative and rehabilitative care of
curative and rehabilitative care of
children.
children.

8. FATHER OF PAEDIATRICS-
FATHER OF PAEDIATRICS-
Dr Abraham Jacobi
Dr Abraham Jacobi

9. Paediatric Nursing
Paediatric Nursing
• The specialised area of nursing practice
concerning the care of children during
wellness and illness. It includes
preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative care of children

10. Pediatric Nursing
Pediatric Nursing
• All round development of the body mind and
spirit of the growing individual.

11. Paediatric Nursing
Paediatric Nursing
• Involves in giving assistance ,care and
support to the growing and developing
children to achieve their individual
potential for functioning with fullest
capacity.

12. Paediatric Nursing
Paediatric Nursing
 Nursing of infants and children
Nursing of infants and children
is consistent with the definition
is consistent with the definition
of nursing as “the diagnosis and
of nursing as “the diagnosis and
treatment of human responses
treatment of human responses
to actual or potential health
to actual or potential health
problems”.(Wong)
problems”.(Wong)

13. Lilian Wald 1893 –the founder of visiting nursing in the U.S.,
begins teaching a home class on nursing for Lower East Side of
New york women after a trying time at an orphanage where
children were maltreated

14. Goals
Goals
 To provide
To provide skilful intelligent need
based comprehensive care to the
to the
children in
children in health and illness
health and illness

15. Goals contd
Goals contd
 To
To interpret the basic needs of
children to their
to their parents and family
members and to guide them in child
and to guide them in child
care
care

16. Goals contd
Goals contd
 To
To promote Growth and Development
of children towards
of children towards optimum state of
health for functioning at the peak of
for functioning at the peak of
their capacity in future.
their capacity in future.

17. Goals contd
Goals contd
 To
To prevent disease and alleviate
suffering in children.
in children.

18. Goals
Goals
 Care to children
Care to children

19. Goals
Goals
 Interpret needs
Interpret needs

20. Goals
Goals
 Prevent disease
Prevent disease
and alleviate
and alleviate
suffering
suffering

21. Goals
Goals
 Promote growth
Promote growth
and development
and development

22. Qualities of a Paediatric Nurse
Qualities of a Paediatric Nurse

23. PRINCIPLES- CHN

24. PRINCIPLES CHN
1. In Nursing Practice
• Concerned with the well being of the
child
• Developmental needs are integrated in
Nursing care
• Nursing care is delivered to the family
child unit

25. CONTD
• Nursing practice provides a unifying
feature for the integration of theory into
nursing practice.
• An interdisciplinary approach is used to
plan and provide care. Attention is paid
to the ethical, legal and moral dilemmas
present in the provision of health care.

26. PRINCIPLES CHN
2. Related to Child
• Each child is a unique person and family
member with needs and concerns that are
unique that are increased and complicated
during illness and hospitalisation.
• Growth and Development are functions of
genetic endowment and an environment
which provides a meaningful experience.

27. CONTD
• The child’s coping response to illness
or hospitalisation is a function of his
developmental capabilities, threats,
challenges, frustration, gratification.
• Anticipatory guidance techniques
help the child master the potentially
traumatic experience of illness and
hospitalisation

28. PRINCIPLES CHN
3. Related to the Family
• The integrity of family is supported during
illness/ hospitalisation
• The family’s culture and religious beliefs are
supported during illness and health
• The family’s style of coping with stress is
strengthened during illness and health.

29. Principles CHN

30. Family Centered Care

31. FAMILY
• An institution where individuals related through
biology or enduring commitments and representing
similar or different generations and genders,
participate in roles involving mutual socialization,
nurturance and emotional commitment (Lerner,
Sparks and McCubbin)

32. Key Elements of Family Centered
Care
• Family is the constant
• Facilitate Family professional collaboration
• Care of an individual child
• Program development and Implementation
• Policy formation

33. Family Centered Care contd…
• Exchanging complete and unbiased information
• Honors the cultural diversity- ethnic social racial
economic educational and geographic diversity.
• Recognizing and respecting different methods of
coping and supporting (developmental educational
environmental emotional and financial support).

34. Family Centered Care contd…
• Family to family support-networking
• Ensuring Services and support systems - flexible,
accessible and comprehensive.
• Appreciating families as families and children as children.

35. Family Centered Care- Concepts
• Enabling
• Enable families by creating opportunities and means for all
family members to display their current abilities and
competencies to acquire new ones.
• Empowering
• Interact such that families maintain or acquire a sense of
control over their lives and acknowledge positive changes.

36. Atraumatic Care
• “FIRST DO NO HARM”

37. Atraumatic Care
• Provision of therapeutic care in settings, by
personnel and through the use of interventions
that eliminate or minimize the psychologic and
physical distress experienced by children and their
families in the health care system.

38. Therapeutic care
• Prevention
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Palliation of acute and chronic conditions

39. Settings
• Home
• Hospital
• Health care setting

40. Personnel
• Anyone directly involved in providing therapeutic
care

41. Interventions
• Psycho logic
Preparing for procedures
• Physical
Preparing space or room for the family

42. Psychologic Distress
• Anxiety
• Fear
• Anger
• Disappointment
• Sadness
• Shame
• Guilt

43. Physical Distress
• Sleeplessness
• Immobilisation

44. 3 Principles
3 Principles
• Prevent or minimise child’s separation
from family.
• Promote a sense of control.
• Prevent or minimise bodily injury and pain.

45. Examples
Examples
• Fostering parent child relation ship
• Preparing for unfamiliar procedure
• Controlling pain
• Allowing child privacy
• Providing play activities
• Providing choices
• Respecting cultural differences

46. Case Management
• Best possible care with minimal costs
• Prevent duplication of Nursing care

48. Roles
• Primary care giver

49. Roles
• Health educator

50. Roles
• Nurse counselor

51. Roles
• Social worker

52. Roles
• Team co ordinator

53. Roles
• Manager

54. Roles
• Child care advocate

55. Roles
• Recreationist

56. Roles
• Consultant

57. Roles
• Researcher

58. TRENDS IN CHN

59. TRENDS IN CHN
 Expanded role of Paediatric Nurse
 Family centred care
 Child initiated care
 Nursing Process Approach
 Inter disciplinary approach
 Rooming in approach
 Minimal hospital stay policy
 Intensive care Unit

60. Expanded roles of Paediatric
Nurse
 Paediatric nurse practitioner/Nurse specialist
 Paediatric nurse clinician- oncology,
neonatology, community
 Child and family advocate
 Paediatric Nurse collaborator/Co ordinator
 Paediatric nurse researcher
 Paediatric nurse educator
 Paediatric nurse Administrator
 Primary Paediatric nurse
 Community Paediatric nurse

61. TRENDS IN CHN contd
• Child Guidance clinic
• Child Development Centres
• Development of Genetic engineering and
Molecular biology
• Computer technology in Paediatric
Nursing
• Comprehensive care of children

62. FUTURE TRENDS
 Prevention and promotion
 Home care
 Community care
 Cost containment
 Increasing Accountability
 Increased dedication
 Leadership
 Research

63. ISSUES IN CHILD HEALTH
ISSUES IN CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
NURSING

64. Ethical Issues
Ethical Issues
 Withdrawing and with holding
Withdrawing and with holding
life support
life support
 Ideal observer theory
Ideal observer theory
 Omniscience
Omniscience
 Omni percipience
Omni percipience
 Disinterest
Disinterest
 Dis passion
Dis passion
 Consistency
Consistency

65. Legal Issues
Legal Issues
• Informed consent
Informed consent
• Standard of care and Quality
Standard of care and Quality
assurance
assurance
• Short staffing and staff floating
Short staffing and staff floating

66. Conceptual Issues
Conceptual Issues
 Autonomy
Autonomy
 Competence
Competence
 Beneficence
Beneficence
 Paternalism
Paternalism
 Truth telling
Truth telling
 Confidentiality
Confidentiality
 Conflict of Interest
Conflict of Interest

67. Cultural Issues
Cultural Issues

Aware of the cultural beliefs and
Aware of the cultural beliefs and
interactive styles
interactive styles

Assess the effect of them on a
Assess the effect of them on a
particular child and family
particular child and family

68. Social Issues
Social Issues
Broken families
Broken families
Co habitation
Co habitation
Adoption
Adoption
Disturbed home situations
Disturbed home situations
AIDS in children
AIDS in children
Handicapped children- physical,
Handicapped children- physical,
mental or social
mental or social

69. Social Issues contd.
Social Issues contd.
 Prevention of handicapped
Prevention of handicapped
1.
1. Genetic counselling
Genetic counselling
2.
2. Identification and early treatment of
Identification and early treatment of
high risk group
high risk group
3.
3. Immunisation
Immunisation
4.
4. Proper nutrition of mothers and
Proper nutrition of mothers and
children
children
5.
5. Health care of pregnant mothers
Health care of pregnant mothers

70. Social Issues contd.
Child abuse
Child labour
Child marriage
Infanticide

71. Genetic Issues
 Insemination with artificial donor
 Surrogate mothering
 Antenatal detection of abnormalities and
MTP

72. Research Issues
Research Issues
• Right to privacy
• Right to informed consent
• Truth in experimentation
• Confidentiality

73. Declaration of
the Rights of the Child
 All children have the right to what follows, no matter what
their race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, or where they were born or who they were born to.
 You have the special right to grow up and to develop
physically and spiritually in a healthy and normal way, free
and with dignity.
 You have a right to a name and to be a member of a country.
 You have a right to special care and protection and to good
food, housing and medical services.

74. contd
contd
 You have the right to special care if handicapped in
any way.
 You have the right to love and understanding,
preferably from parents and family, but from the
government where these cannot help.
 You have the right to go to school for free, to play,
and to have an equal chance to develop yourself and
to learn to be responsible and useful.
Your parents have special responsibilities for your
education and guidance.

75. contd
contd
 You have the right always to be among the first to get
help.
 You have the right to be protected against cruel acts or
exploitation, e.g. you shall not be obliged to do work
which hinders your development both physically and
mentally. You should not work before a minimum age
and never when that would hinder your health, and your
moral and physical development.
 You should be taught peace, understanding, tolerance
and friendship among all people.

77. mumtazkmu@yahoo.com WhatsApp: 0342-9737417