Non-communicable diseases and Coronary Heart Disease - Introductory lecture for MBBS students. This is just a basic skeletal presentation to aid class taking and students' memory for recap.

1. Dr. Animesh Jain
Professor of Community Medicine,
Kasturba Medical College,Mangalore,
Manipal Academy of Higher Education,India

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3. Think of some of the recent deaths that you have come
across or heard about.
It may be a family member, relative, friend, patient in
hospital or any other.
What was the cause of death in the last 10 such cases?
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4. What is common to
Tobacco use, Physical inactivity, Harmful use of Alcohol,
Unhealthy diet, Stress, Obesity, Hypertension
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5. At the end of the lecture, the learner shall be able to
 List the characteristics of chronic disease.
 Enumerate the risk factors of non communicable diseases
 Differentiate between communicable and non communicable
diseases
 Describe the epidemiology of coronary heart disease.
 Outline the methods of measuring the burden of CHD.
 Discuss the prevention and control of coronary heart disease.
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Source: K. Park. Textbook of Prev & Social Medicine. 23rd Ed

7. CVS
Renal
Musculoskeletal
CNS and mental illness
Chronic non-specific respiratory
Metabolic & degenerative
Cancers
Accidents and injuries
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8.  https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s18806en/s18806en.pdf
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10. Communicable Non Communicable
Causative agent Single, specific infectious
agent
No single specific agent
Epidemiological model of
causation
Epidemiological triad Web or multifactorial
causation
Pre pathogenic period Generally short Generally very long
Types of epidemics Common vehicle or
propagated curve type.
Occurrence of epidemic is
easily appreciated by public
Very slowly evolving secular
trend.
Occurrence of epidemic not
easily appreciated
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Source: Bhalwar R.Textbook of Community Medicine. 3rd Ed

11. Insufficient physical activity/sedentary lifestyle
Unhealthy diet
Tobacco
Harmful use of alcohol
Mental Stress
Overweight and obesity
Raised blood pressure
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12. Image Courtesy : 2.bp.blogspot.com/-8rR2TxuWSVg/TWgSlYrGAKI/DISEASES.gif
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Bloom,et al (2011). The Global Economic Burden of Non-communicable Diseases. Geneva:World Economic Forum.

14. Source: https://www.who.int/nmh/global_monitoring_framework/gmf1_large.jpg?ua=1
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15. Source: https://www.who.int/nmh/global_monitoring_framework/gmf2_large.jpg?ua=1
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18. Cardiovascular diseases comprise
 Ischaemic heart disease IHD
 Hypertension
 Cerebrovascular disease
 Congenital heart disease
 Rheumatic heart disease
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20.  Source: Bank, Ingrid & Timmers, Leo & Gijsberts, Crystel & Zhang,Ya-Nan & Mosterd, Arend & Wang, Jiong-Wei & Chan, Mark & de Hoog,
Vince & Lim, Sai Kiang & Sze, Siu & Lam, Carolyn & Kleijn, Dominique. (2015). The diagnostic and prognostic potential of plasma
extracellular vesicles for cardiovascular disease. Expert review of molecular diagnostics. 15. 1-12.10.1586/14737159.2015.1109450.
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 Source: Bank, Ingrid & Timmers, Leo & Gijsberts, Crystel & Zhang,Ya-Nan & Mosterd, Arend & Wang, Jiong-Wei & Chan, Mark &
de Hoog,Vince & Lim, Sai Kiang & Sze, Siu & Lam, Carolyn & Kleijn, Dominique. (2015). The diagnostic and prognostic potential of
plasma extracellular vesicles for cardiovascular disease. Expert review of molecular diagnostics. 15. 1-12.
10.1586/14737159.2015.1109450.

22. Synonym - Ischaemic heart disease
Impairment of function of heart due to impaired flow of
blood to the heart due to obstructive changes in the
coronary circulation
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23. Proportional mortality ratio
Loss of life expectancy
CHD incidence rate
Age specific death rate
Prevalence rate
Case fatality rate
Measurement of risk factor levels
Medical care
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24. Modifiable Non modifiable
Smoking Age
Hypertension Gender
Serum cholesterol Family history
Diabetes Genetic factors
Obesity Personality
Sedentary habits, stress
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25. Population strategy
High risk strategy
Primordial prevention
Secondary prevention
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26. Mass approach
Prevention of risk factors in whole population
Specific interventions
Diet
Smoking
Blood pressure
Physical activity
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27. High risk strategy
Identifying risk
Specific advice
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28. Secondary prevention
Early diagnosis and management
Addressing risk factors
Revascularization for patients with angina pectoris
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29.  National committee has been set up to "Stop NCD"
 4 common NCDs -- Diabetes, Hypertension and heart disease,
Cerebrovascular accident(stroke)and chronic kidney disease(CKD).
 A three-pronged approach
 1.know your numbers campaign-- weight, BP and blood sugar.
 2.Spreading awareness.
 3.Advocacy role.
 Campaign – “Ek chammach kam, chaar kadam aagey”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovzFUwyJmqw
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Source: https://twitter.com/RID3190/status/1177036677111369730

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Source:https://www.facebook.com/rotarymysore3181/photos/pcb.2359025144311886/2359024777645256/?type=3&theater

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34. You may reach me via
animesh.jain@manipal.edu and/or 9845032334