The document provides an introduction and history of the facebow, which is a dental instrument used to record the spatial relationship between a patient's upper jaw and mandibular condyles. It describes how early developers like Bonwill, Balkwill, and Hayes created some of the first articulators and facebow-like devices in the 1860s-1880s to better replicate jaw movements. The document outlines the purposes of the facebow, including establishing balanced occlusion in eccentric jaw positions and verifying jaw relationships when restoring multiple teeth. It notes when a facebow is necessary versus unnecessary for certain dental cases and procedures.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
FACEBOW
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2. INTRODUCTION
 The upper jaw in the human skull is positioned uniquely to
the lower jaw. This position is different for every person.
 The opening movement to bring the jaw from occlusal to
rest position is almost a pure hinge movement.
 The relation of maxilla to the opening and closing axis has
to be determined.

3. HISTORY

4. BONWILL 1860 the distance from the center of each
condyle to the median incisal point
and the lower teeth -10cm
BALKWILL 1866 apparatus to measure the angle
formed by the occlusal plane of the
teeth and a plane passing through the
lines extending from the condyles to
the incisal line of the lower teeth
HAYES 1880 functional face bow like device
intended for locating the position of
the casts correctly in the articulator
- articulating caliper

5. Bonwill
In 1860, Bonwill developed
the first articulator with a
serious effort to initiate the
movements of the mandible in
eccentric positions
5

6. 6
4”
4”
BONWILL

7. Francis H Balkwill 1886
Angle formed between the plane of two lines drawn from
the articulating surfaces of the condyles to the occlusal
plane - estimated to be 26 degrees.

8. Richmond Hayes 1889
Fixed descending condylar path - incorporated

9. WALKER 1890 CLINOMETER - a new type of
instrument used for determining
position of the lower cast in relation to
the condylar mechanism.
Walkers Facial
clinometer

10. GEORGE K
BAGBY
1894 device that determined the distance
from the midline of the anterior
occlusal rims to one of the condyles
GYSI 1895 constructed an instrument for
registering the condyle path
GEORGE B.
SNOW
1899 a device which became prototype for
modern face bow

11. PURPOSE
To record the relationship of the maxillary arch
to the horizontal axis of the mandibular condyles

12. USES
 The face bow is used when cusp form teeth are used
 Balanced occlusion in the eccentric position is desired
 Inter-occlusal check records are used for verification of
jaw positions
 When the vertical dimension of occlusion is subject to
change
 Balanced occlusion in CD
 Class I & II cases

13. Uses of face bow
 Open anterior bite or end to end relationship
 Single restoration on II molar not for premolar
and I molar
 Segmental restoration
 Anterior restoration – primary guidance
 Factor in excursive movement
 Restoration of entire quadrant
 Diagnostic purposes and treatment planning

14. The face bow is not necessary under the following
conditions
 Monoplane teeth
 No alterations of the occluding surfaces of the teeth
 No inter-occlusal check records
 Articulators that are not designed to accept a face bow
transfer

15. FACEBOW RECORD
• Accurate mounting - three points
• Criteria for selection of points
– Ease of location
– Convenience
– Reproducibility

16. PLANES AND FACEBOW
• Facebow captures the
relationship between occlusal
plane and the horizontal
reference.

17. PLANE OF ORIENTATION
The spatial plane formed by joining the anterior and
posterior reference points.
• The horizontal plane is established on the
face of the patient by 1 anterior & 2
posterior points.

19. Thanks for watching……………………….