SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 53
Introduction
     to
 Apologetics:
Defending the Faith

    Stephen Russell
Why was Jesus born?
John 18:37
Then Pilate said to him, quot;So you are a king?quot;
Jesus answered, quot;You say that I am a king. For
this purpose I was born and for this purpose
I have come into the world— to bear
witness to the truth. Everyone who is of
the truth listens to my voice.quot;
John 18:38


 Pilate said to him,
quot;What is truth?quot;
Defining Truth:


2 Kinds of Truth
Subjective Truth
Objective Truth
Objective Truth
            =
That which corresponds to
        reality
Two Objections
      to
Objective Truth
Truth is Relative


Each person or group determines for
themselves what is true or not true.
Truth Does Not Exist
              (or cannot be known)

Agnostic approach: We each have inherent
cultural, historical, and personal biases and
therefore we inject our own views into our
supposedly “objective” examinations, thus
rendering the real Truth unknowable.
Importance of Objective Truth
How do we gain knowledge?
Observation

Separating what is true from what is false

(Relies on notion that some things are true and some are false)
Law of Non-Contradiction


     ¬(P ⋀ ¬P)
Poisonous?
What do you call someone who
disregards these rules for gaining
           knowledge?
Physical

Spiritual

 Moral
What happens when Truth is
       discarded?
th
December 5 , 2007
Omaha, Nebraska




8 murdered, 5 wounded, 1 suicide
Quote from friend:

“I don't think any less of him for it. He wasn't
doing it for fun, he just wanted to go out in
style.”
Barna Survey:

Moral Truth     All    18-35   36-55   56+    born again   non born-again
is unchanging   22%    14%     33%     24%      32%            15%
depends on      64      75      55       61      54             71
the situation
don't know      14      11      12       15      14             14

                                Adults
Barna Survey:

Moral Truth        All           Born Again   non-born again
is unchanging      6%               9%             4%
depends on the     83               76             87
situation
don't know         11               15              9

                         Teens
How Did We Get Here?
John 3: 19-21
And this is the judgment: the light has come into the
world, and people loved the darkness rather than
the light because their works were evil. For everyone
who does wicked things hates the light and does not
come to the light, lest his works should be exposed. But
whoever does what is true comes to the light, so that it
may be clearly seen that his works have been carried
out in God.quot;
Rejection of Objective Truth
             =
 Rejection of Moral Truth
Rejection of Moral Truth
            =
  Moral Relativism
2 Kinds of Moral Relativism
We Decide
(a.k.a. cultural relativism)
sidebar:

Does the fact that something is
legal, make it right?
Problems with “We Decide”
Who decides?

      Discontinuity of Standards

           Disagreement between cultures
I Decide
(a.k.a. Subjectivism)
Ultimate Result of Moral
      Relativism:
7 Flaws of Relativism*




                   * Gregory Koukl
1. Relativists can't...


...accuse others of wrongdoing
2. Relativists can't...


...complain about the problem
            of evil
3. Relativists can't...


...place blame or accept praise
4. Relativists can't...


...make charges of unfairness or
           injustice
5. Relativists can't...


...improve their morality
6. Relativists can't...


...hold meaningful moral
        discussions
7. Relativists can't:


...promote the obligation of
         tolerance
Answering those who reject
     objective Truth
Example 1.

Self-Refuting Statements
“His wife has never been married.”

“There are no absolutes.”

“No one knows what the truth is.”


“Who are you to tell someone they're wrong”
Example 2.

Law Breakers
“Truth is relative.”

“Just because it's true for you
doesn't mean it's true for me.”
Example 3.

Faulty Logic
If there is no truth, there can
be no morality.

They claim it's wrong to be
intolerant.

They claim it's wrong to “impose”
your values or beliefs on someone
else.
What's at stake?
Romans 2: 8

“But for those who are self-seeking and
who reject the truth and follow evil,
there will be wrath and anger.”
John 8: 31-32

“If you abide in my word, you are truly
my disciples, and you will know the
truth, and the truth will set you free.”

                             -- Jesus
2 Timothy 2: 24-26
And the Lord’s servant must not be quarrelsome but
kind to everyone, able to teach, patiently enduring
evil, correcting his opponents with gentleness. God
may perhaps grant them repentance leading to a
knowledge of the truth, and they may come to
their senses and escape from the snare of the devil,
after being captured by him to do his will.
During times of universal deceit, telling the
truth becomes a revolutionary act.

                         -- George Orwell
As long as people believe in absurdities,
they will continue to commit atrocities.

                         -- Voltaire

More Related Content

Similar to Introduction to Apologetics - Lesson 2

Subjectivism in EthicsJames Rachels&Stuart Rachels.docx
Subjectivism in EthicsJames Rachels&Stuart Rachels.docxSubjectivism in EthicsJames Rachels&Stuart Rachels.docx
Subjectivism in EthicsJames Rachels&Stuart Rachels.docx
picklesvalery
 
Does god want us to believe miracles
Does god want us to believe miraclesDoes god want us to believe miracles
Does god want us to believe miracles
KenPulliam
 
Section 6.3Faith and MeaningBelieving the Unbelievab.docx
Section 6.3Faith and MeaningBelieving the Unbelievab.docxSection 6.3Faith and MeaningBelieving the Unbelievab.docx
Section 6.3Faith and MeaningBelieving the Unbelievab.docx
rtodd280
 

Similar to Introduction to Apologetics - Lesson 2 (20)

The problem of evil and suffering
The problem of evil and sufferingThe problem of evil and suffering
The problem of evil and suffering
 
Summary Seminar
Summary SeminarSummary Seminar
Summary Seminar
 
Ask
  Ask  Ask
Ask
 
Integrity
IntegrityIntegrity
Integrity
 
Moral Development
Moral DevelopmentMoral Development
Moral Development
 
Cognitive biases - Logic vs. The brain
Cognitive biases - Logic vs. The brainCognitive biases - Logic vs. The brain
Cognitive biases - Logic vs. The brain
 
Gentle Awakening - Part 1 - Introduction
Gentle Awakening - Part 1 - IntroductionGentle Awakening - Part 1 - Introduction
Gentle Awakening - Part 1 - Introduction
 
Subjectivism in EthicsJames Rachels&Stuart Rachels.docx
Subjectivism in EthicsJames Rachels&Stuart Rachels.docxSubjectivism in EthicsJames Rachels&Stuart Rachels.docx
Subjectivism in EthicsJames Rachels&Stuart Rachels.docx
 
CMV-101 Ethics
CMV-101 EthicsCMV-101 Ethics
CMV-101 Ethics
 
The Honest Truth About Dishonesty Part 3 (with polleverywhere embeds)
The Honest Truth About Dishonesty Part 3 (with polleverywhere embeds)The Honest Truth About Dishonesty Part 3 (with polleverywhere embeds)
The Honest Truth About Dishonesty Part 3 (with polleverywhere embeds)
 
Does god want us to believe miracles
Does god want us to believe miraclesDoes god want us to believe miracles
Does god want us to believe miracles
 
Section 6.3Faith and MeaningBelieving the Unbelievab.docx
Section 6.3Faith and MeaningBelieving the Unbelievab.docxSection 6.3Faith and MeaningBelieving the Unbelievab.docx
Section 6.3Faith and MeaningBelieving the Unbelievab.docx
 
Nursing.ethics.04.12
Nursing.ethics.04.12Nursing.ethics.04.12
Nursing.ethics.04.12
 
Chapter 11
Chapter 11Chapter 11
Chapter 11
 
An essay on Ethics and Moral (7).ppt.pdf
An essay on Ethics and Moral (7).ppt.pdfAn essay on Ethics and Moral (7).ppt.pdf
An essay on Ethics and Moral (7).ppt.pdf
 
Week 4 - Tactics and Strategies - Part 2
Week 4 - Tactics and Strategies - Part 2Week 4 - Tactics and Strategies - Part 2
Week 4 - Tactics and Strategies - Part 2
 
REL228Workshop1
REL228Workshop1REL228Workshop1
REL228Workshop1
 
False positive
False positiveFalse positive
False positive
 
Psychology Research Project Topics. 50 Topics For Psyc
Psychology Research Project Topics. 50 Topics For PsycPsychology Research Project Topics. 50 Topics For Psyc
Psychology Research Project Topics. 50 Topics For Psyc
 
Intro Slides
Intro SlidesIntro Slides
Intro Slides
 

Recently uploaded

Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch LetterGardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
MateoGardella
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
QucHHunhnh
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
 
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch LetterGardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptxINDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
 
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot GraphZ Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
 
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxSOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
 
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAPM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxUnit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
 
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdfClass 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
 
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDMeasures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
 
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
psychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docxpsychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docx
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
 
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
 

Introduction to Apologetics - Lesson 2