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Introduction: registry models
DNS Entrepreneurship Centre, April 2015
Emily Taylor
n  Introduction to critical Internet resources and
the domain name system
n  Domain names world wide and in the region
n  Registry structures, the choices
n  Examples of different models in action
Agenda
n  What are Critical Internet Resources?
•  Lightweight, globally distributed system that keeps the
Internet functioning (domain names, IP addresses):
•  Essential for web browsing, email, certificates, user
identifiers, Internet of Things, and much, much more
n  What do they have in common?
•  Each one has to be unique
•  Each one has to be universally resolvable
n  Otherwise, there will no longer be a single
internet
Critical Internet Resources
The Domain Name System
‘The IANA Function’ –
the most powerful point
in the hierarchy
A strict hierarchy is
necessary.
Each node has to have a
single manager to ensure:
•  Uniqueness of each
domain
•  Universal resolution
Generic Top Level
Domains (gTLDs)
Country Code Top Level
Domains (ccTLDs)
google.com europa.eu
Domain names worldwide
TLD distribution: strong in
North America and Europe
Internationalised domain
names - IDNs
IDN numbers
Internationalised domain
names by region
Arabic script IDNs growth
What about new gTLDs?
Arabic script new gTLDs
n  Dot Shabaka
•  Launched November 2014
•  2,000 domains (March 2015)
•  Registry reports low user awareness, problems with using
(universal acceptance)
n  Dot Mawqe
•  Most searched Arabic term
•  Launched in January 2015
•  2,800 domains (March 2015) and high usage rates
•  Al Jazeera, Aramco have registered
•  Registry manager happy, reports that one site had 1m
visitors in 24 hours
•  All registrations are from the region, mostly Saudi Arabia
Al-Jazeera adopts dotmawqe
Registry structures – what are the
choices?
The domain name supply chain
n  Registry deals direct with registrant
n  No registrars
n  Advantages for registry:
•  Complete control over quality of service
•  Can apply eligibility criteria directly
•  Does not have to invest in standardised technical
equipment (eg EPP)
n  Disadvantages for registry:
•  Narrow distribution channel
•  Fewer incentives to implement standardised technologies
•  Support for registrants can be expensive – do you offer
‘value add’ services?
•  Registration numbers tend to be lower
Direct registrations
n  Registry has direct contract with registrant
n  Registry has direct contract with registrars
n  Registrar and registrant have a direct contract
n  Advantages for registry:
•  Complete control over quality of service
•  Can apply eligibility criteria directly
•  Does not have to invest in standardised technical
equipment (eg EPP)
n  Disadvantages for registry:
•  Narrow distribution channel
•  Higher retail prices (through resellers)
•  Registration numbers tend to be lower
Triangle of contracts
Registry-registrar
n  Registry has a network of registrars
n  Each registrar contracts direct with registrants
n  Advantages for registry
•  This has become the industry standard
•  Cheaper support costs (registrars do the support)
•  Wider distribution channel, volumes tend to increase
•  Value add services are pushed downstream
n  Disadvantages for registry
•  Quality assurance can be difficult
•  Investment in standardised technologies
•  Complex policies can be difficult to automate
Registry models
Some examples from outside the region
n  It’s usually much easier to get accredited in
ccTLDs
n  …but the policies and technical set up will often
be different
n  From World Report on IDNs, 2012:
Local accreditation vs ICANN
accreditation
n  Domain names are critical Internet resources
n  There are different types of domain names
n  Global domain name registrations are uneven
n  Country code registries adopt different models
n  Start local, think global
Review of key points

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Introduction : registry models

  • 1. Introduction: registry models DNS Entrepreneurship Centre, April 2015 Emily Taylor
  • 2. n  Introduction to critical Internet resources and the domain name system n  Domain names world wide and in the region n  Registry structures, the choices n  Examples of different models in action Agenda
  • 3. n  What are Critical Internet Resources? •  Lightweight, globally distributed system that keeps the Internet functioning (domain names, IP addresses): •  Essential for web browsing, email, certificates, user identifiers, Internet of Things, and much, much more n  What do they have in common? •  Each one has to be unique •  Each one has to be universally resolvable n  Otherwise, there will no longer be a single internet Critical Internet Resources
  • 4. The Domain Name System ‘The IANA Function’ – the most powerful point in the hierarchy A strict hierarchy is necessary. Each node has to have a single manager to ensure: •  Uniqueness of each domain •  Universal resolution Generic Top Level Domains (gTLDs) Country Code Top Level Domains (ccTLDs) google.com europa.eu
  • 6. TLD distribution: strong in North America and Europe
  • 11. What about new gTLDs?
  • 12. Arabic script new gTLDs n  Dot Shabaka •  Launched November 2014 •  2,000 domains (March 2015) •  Registry reports low user awareness, problems with using (universal acceptance) n  Dot Mawqe •  Most searched Arabic term •  Launched in January 2015 •  2,800 domains (March 2015) and high usage rates •  Al Jazeera, Aramco have registered •  Registry manager happy, reports that one site had 1m visitors in 24 hours •  All registrations are from the region, mostly Saudi Arabia
  • 14. Registry structures – what are the choices?
  • 15. The domain name supply chain
  • 16. n  Registry deals direct with registrant n  No registrars n  Advantages for registry: •  Complete control over quality of service •  Can apply eligibility criteria directly •  Does not have to invest in standardised technical equipment (eg EPP) n  Disadvantages for registry: •  Narrow distribution channel •  Fewer incentives to implement standardised technologies •  Support for registrants can be expensive – do you offer ‘value add’ services? •  Registration numbers tend to be lower Direct registrations
  • 17. n  Registry has direct contract with registrant n  Registry has direct contract with registrars n  Registrar and registrant have a direct contract n  Advantages for registry: •  Complete control over quality of service •  Can apply eligibility criteria directly •  Does not have to invest in standardised technical equipment (eg EPP) n  Disadvantages for registry: •  Narrow distribution channel •  Higher retail prices (through resellers) •  Registration numbers tend to be lower Triangle of contracts
  • 18. Registry-registrar n  Registry has a network of registrars n  Each registrar contracts direct with registrants n  Advantages for registry •  This has become the industry standard •  Cheaper support costs (registrars do the support) •  Wider distribution channel, volumes tend to increase •  Value add services are pushed downstream n  Disadvantages for registry •  Quality assurance can be difficult •  Investment in standardised technologies •  Complex policies can be difficult to automate
  • 19. Registry models Some examples from outside the region
  • 20. n  It’s usually much easier to get accredited in ccTLDs n  …but the policies and technical set up will often be different n  From World Report on IDNs, 2012: Local accreditation vs ICANN accreditation
  • 21. n  Domain names are critical Internet resources n  There are different types of domain names n  Global domain name registrations are uneven n  Country code registries adopt different models n  Start local, think global Review of key points