DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
NomCom, GNSO Policy Update Presentation by Sophia Bekele in Lisbon 2007DotAfrica Initiative
NomCom, GNSO Policy Update Presentation by Sophia Bekele in Lisbon 2007:-GNSO is one of ICANN's supporting Org(SO) as a consultative and policy development body fresponsible for policies relating to generic top level domain names.
This document provides an overview of resources for researching entertainment law, including primary sources like statutes and regulations, secondary sources like treatises and journals, industry associations, and law school resources. It emphasizes the wide range of topics covered in entertainment law and encourages exploring a variety of source types. Key recommendations include getting to know pricing options for legal research tools, doing comparative searches using free and premium services, and developing a personal research toolkit.
- A patent is a grant of protection rights to an inventor for an invention, excluding others from using the invention for a set period of time, usually 16-20 years.
- Patents can be granted for new and useful designs, processes, machines, manufactures or compositions of matter.
- The WIPS database provides access to patents from the US, Europe, China, Japan and Korea, and allows searching across collections. It allows viewing and downloading patent images.
This document discusses patent databases and how to search within them. It defines what a patent is - an exclusive right granted by a government for an invention. It also defines what a database is - a collection of organized information that can be easily accessed. The document outlines several major patent databases including PatentScope from WIPO, EKASWA from India, EPIDOS-INPADOC from Europe, and the Canadian Patents Database. It provides details on how to search within each database using basic, advanced, boolean, or other specialized search features.
The document discusses new developments in trademark law related to the internet. It describes how the internet has become a major channel of global commerce and how domain names function similarly to trademarks by identifying the source of goods and services. It discusses issues like cybersquatting, where people register domains containing well-known trademarks to misdirect customers. The document outlines legal approaches for trademark holders to protect their brands online, including dilution claims and the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act. It also describes the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy for resolving domain name disputes.
Building Legal Institutions for Information TechnologyRitesh Nayak
The document summarizes the history of internet governance and the establishment of institutions to manage the root zone file and domain name system. It discusses how as internet usage grew in the 1990s, issues emerged regarding who had authority over internet resources like IP addresses and domain names. This led various groups like the IAHC and ICANN to be formed to develop governance policies and an organizational structure to administer the root zone file and domain name system in a coordinated manner. It also describes conflicts between different stakeholders in the US and internationally over control of the root.
NomCom, GNSO Policy Update Presentation by Sophia Bekele in Lisbon 2007DotAfrica Initiative
NomCom, GNSO Policy Update Presentation by Sophia Bekele in Lisbon 2007:-GNSO is one of ICANN's supporting Org(SO) as a consultative and policy development body fresponsible for policies relating to generic top level domain names.
This document provides an overview of resources for researching entertainment law, including primary sources like statutes and regulations, secondary sources like treatises and journals, industry associations, and law school resources. It emphasizes the wide range of topics covered in entertainment law and encourages exploring a variety of source types. Key recommendations include getting to know pricing options for legal research tools, doing comparative searches using free and premium services, and developing a personal research toolkit.
- A patent is a grant of protection rights to an inventor for an invention, excluding others from using the invention for a set period of time, usually 16-20 years.
- Patents can be granted for new and useful designs, processes, machines, manufactures or compositions of matter.
- The WIPS database provides access to patents from the US, Europe, China, Japan and Korea, and allows searching across collections. It allows viewing and downloading patent images.
This document discusses patent databases and how to search within them. It defines what a patent is - an exclusive right granted by a government for an invention. It also defines what a database is - a collection of organized information that can be easily accessed. The document outlines several major patent databases including PatentScope from WIPO, EKASWA from India, EPIDOS-INPADOC from Europe, and the Canadian Patents Database. It provides details on how to search within each database using basic, advanced, boolean, or other specialized search features.
The document discusses new developments in trademark law related to the internet. It describes how the internet has become a major channel of global commerce and how domain names function similarly to trademarks by identifying the source of goods and services. It discusses issues like cybersquatting, where people register domains containing well-known trademarks to misdirect customers. The document outlines legal approaches for trademark holders to protect their brands online, including dilution claims and the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act. It also describes the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy for resolving domain name disputes.
Building Legal Institutions for Information TechnologyRitesh Nayak
The document summarizes the history of internet governance and the establishment of institutions to manage the root zone file and domain name system. It discusses how as internet usage grew in the 1990s, issues emerged regarding who had authority over internet resources like IP addresses and domain names. This led various groups like the IAHC and ICANN to be formed to develop governance policies and an organizational structure to administer the root zone file and domain name system in a coordinated manner. It also describes conflicts between different stakeholders in the US and internationally over control of the root.
Here are the key steps to do an effective patent search in 3 sentences or less:
Define the scope of your search by determining the relevant technology area or competitor. Identify relevant patent databases considering their coverage. Use both keyword and classification searches along with operators to effectively search multiple databases, as keyword searches alone may only find 10-20% of relevant patents.
Information technologies and legislation part.1: Intellectual PropertyMorgan Magnin
This material comes from the course I give to 2nd year-students at Centrale Nantes who follow the "Webstrategies and development" program. During this semester long program, students have the opportunity to develop a sound understanding of current web marketing techniques and to put these techniques into practice through real professional missions undertaken with our partners. All courses are given in English. More information on our blog: https://pedagogie.ec-nantes.fr/web-sd/
This courses aims to give an overview of worldwide legislation with regard to the creation of websites. During the first part of my course (corresponding to these slides), I give the basics about intellectual property (patent, trademark, copyright, digital rights management). Next I focus on database rights, software licenses and personal data processing (have a look to my other slideshows).
The presentation provided an overview of several major patent databases including WIPO's PatentScope, India's EKASWA and EPIDOS-INPADOC databases, and Canada's Canadian Patents Database. These databases allow users to search millions of patent documents from around the world and provide important information for researchers, innovators and those seeking to understand intellectual property rights. Effective use of the databases requires understanding how to conduct simple, advanced, equivalent and other specialized searches across different fields.
The document discusses different types of patent searches including patentability searches, freedom to operate searches, validity searches, landscape searches, state-of-the-art searches, bibliographic searches, continuing searches, assignment searches, number searches, name searches, subject searches, classification searches, family searches, and legal status searches. It provides details on the purpose, timing, and scope of each type of search.
This Presentation teaches on how to search patent using various patent database like Free patent database, Patent database of National Authority and Paid patent database. It also focus on general parts of the patent and why patenting is needed. This presentation was delivered to M.Pharm. student by Mr. Pratik Vora for supporting them in their dissertation topic search. Hope you may find it helpful to you, also.
This document provides an overview of patent searching, including what patents are, the patent classification system, and a 7-step process for conducting a preliminary patent search. Key points include:
- Patents protect inventions and designs for a limited time in exchange for public disclosure.
- The US classification system organizes patents by characteristics and relationships. It is recommended for searching prior art.
- The 7 steps include: describing the invention, finding classifications, reviewing class definitions, searching patent databases, analyzing search results, and reviewing cited references.
- Databases like PatFT and AppFT can be searched by classification to find prior patents and applications. Claims, drawings and other details should be reviewed.
Organization of Patent as Open Source Software based Open Access Repository ItemMoumita Ash
The document discusses organizing patents as open access repository items using open source software. It describes customizing metadata schemas, submission forms, indexing and licensing to properly organize patent documents. Several Indian institutions have included patents in their open access repositories by customizing Dublin Core metadata and designing collections specifically for patents in software like DSpace. Open source repository software provides facilities to archive patents while avoiding financial and customization barriers.
A Dozen and One Things to Know About CopyrightRogan Hamby
This is the original version of the presentation I did at SCLA in 2012. I still need to add citations and I'm already updating it for my next scheduled presentation of it since there were changes in the DMCA just last week!
"Innovations" of copyright and intellectual propertiesWendy Lile
This document discusses innovations in copyright and intellectual property laws. It covers the types of intellectual property protections including copyrights, patents, and trademarks. It then discusses the application processes and statistics for these protections. The document also examines restrictive technologies like digital rights management (DRM) and piracy laws, and how they impact content distribution and mobile access. It concludes by arguing that current intellectual property restrictions mainly benefit large international businesses, rather than individual creators or the U.S. economy.
Cybersquatting in India - Genesis & Legal ScenarioNishi Shabana
A domain name is a unique name that identifies a website. Squatting is the act of registering a popular Internet address--usually a company name--with the intent of selling it to its rightful owner at an inflated price or put the domain names up for auction.....
Domain names are important for businesses to be found online and resolving disputes is important to reduce confusion; ICANN manages the domain name system and disputes can be resolved through negotiation, UDRP filing, or courts. The UDRP process provides a mandatory, global mechanism for resolving disputes over identical or confusingly similar domain names registered and used in bad faith.
NNDKP_Domain names on the internet. Alternative dispute resolution.Nestor_Nestor
This document discusses domain name disputes and alternative dispute resolution. It provides an overview of domain names and trends in top-level domains. It then summarizes how domain name conflicts involving trademarks can be resolved through alternative dispute resolution procedures like the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy or through courts. The document outlines strategies used in bad faith like cybersquatting, typosquatting, and renewal snatching and how these are addressed in dispute resolution cases.
The .LAT new gTLD helps to identify persons, organizations, causes and latino projects on the Internet, offering Internet Presence with Latin Identity:
- High Recognition Label
- High availability of names
For businesses that have a special interest in the Latino community as a market.
.LAT offers the possibility of direct communication and engagement with the Latino community in the USA and Latin America.
.LAT is a joint collaboration of eCOM-LAC and NIC México
eCOM-LAC is Latin American and Caribbean Federation for Internet and Electronic Commerce, based in Uruguay.
NIC México (.MX manager) is the technical and commercial operator, providing all kinds of services for the operation of the gTLD .LAT
For more information, please contact .LAT via:
http://www.nic.lat
A year at ICANN: The users' perspective. Gareth Dickson, Fordham IP Conferenc...Gareth Dickson
This document summarizes key topics from an upcoming presentation at the 2015 Fordham IP Conference on the user perspective regarding the past year at the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The presentation will discuss the new .sucks top-level domain, reviews of rights protection mechanisms like the Uniform Rapid Suspension procedure and Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy, ongoing discussions regarding GAC safeguards and geographical names, and implications of the new EU General Data Protection Regulation for ICANN's data retention waivers. It also briefly profiles presenter Gareth Dickson of Cooley LLP and his expertise in domain name and internet policy issues.
Cybersquatting (also known as domain squatting), according to the United States federal law known as the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, is registering, trafficking in, or using an Internet domain name with bad faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else. The cybersquatter then offers to sell the domain to the person or company who owns a trademark contained within the name at an inflated price.
The term is derived from "squatting", which is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or building that the squatter does not own, rent, or otherwise have permission to use.
The document discusses WIPO's role and recommendations regarding intellectual property protections in the expansion of new generic top-level domains (gTLDs). It outlines WIPO's proposals for pre-delegation and post-delegation dispute resolution procedures to address trademark issues. It also discusses WIPO's proposed expedited suspension mechanism as a complement to the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) for more efficient protection of trademark rights in new gTLDs.
Microsoft power point domain and cyber squatting [compatibility mode]sanjeev kumar chaswal
Tata Sons Ltd filed a complaint with WIPO against MakeMyTrip regarding the domain name "oktatabyebye.com". Tata Sons argued that the domain name was confusingly similar to their registered "Tata" trademark and MakeMyTrip had no legitimate rights to use it. MakeMyTrip claimed that "Tata" was used colloquially and the site was a travel community portal. WIPO ruled in favor of Tata Sons, directing MakeMyTrip to discontinue use and transfer the domain name, unless MakeMyTrip pursued legal proceedings within 10 days.
This document discusses trademark issues related to domain names in the digital era. It begins by explaining how domain names have become important business identifiers online and discusses some of the structure and purpose of domain name systems. It then explains how disputes can arise over domain name ownership between trademark holders operating in different regions. The document outlines the domain name assignment procedure and some available legal remedies for disputes, including the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) established by ICANN. It provides details on the UDRP process and notes that India has its own dispute resolution policy for .IN domain names as well. In conclusion, it states that domain name dispute resolution has proven an effective alternative to litigation for resolving conflicts.
Icann Presentation @OBP Milano 18 novembre2009Register.it
The document summarizes ICANN's New gTLD Program. It discusses the policy development process for new generic top-level domains (gTLDs), the application procedures and requirements for applicants, the evaluation and objection processes, procedures for resolving identical or similar string contention, and the delegation process. It also provides an overview of plans for internationalized domain names (IDNs) and the recently approved "fast track" process for IDN country code top-level domains.
Certain internet companies provide services which efficiently fight against counterfeiting and online infringement, without resorting to legal means. How does this technology complement the work done by lawyers to fight against the online pandemic of knockoffs? What services, exactly, are provided to brands? Stuart Durham, General Manager UK, NetNames
Here are the key steps to do an effective patent search in 3 sentences or less:
Define the scope of your search by determining the relevant technology area or competitor. Identify relevant patent databases considering their coverage. Use both keyword and classification searches along with operators to effectively search multiple databases, as keyword searches alone may only find 10-20% of relevant patents.
Information technologies and legislation part.1: Intellectual PropertyMorgan Magnin
This material comes from the course I give to 2nd year-students at Centrale Nantes who follow the "Webstrategies and development" program. During this semester long program, students have the opportunity to develop a sound understanding of current web marketing techniques and to put these techniques into practice through real professional missions undertaken with our partners. All courses are given in English. More information on our blog: https://pedagogie.ec-nantes.fr/web-sd/
This courses aims to give an overview of worldwide legislation with regard to the creation of websites. During the first part of my course (corresponding to these slides), I give the basics about intellectual property (patent, trademark, copyright, digital rights management). Next I focus on database rights, software licenses and personal data processing (have a look to my other slideshows).
The presentation provided an overview of several major patent databases including WIPO's PatentScope, India's EKASWA and EPIDOS-INPADOC databases, and Canada's Canadian Patents Database. These databases allow users to search millions of patent documents from around the world and provide important information for researchers, innovators and those seeking to understand intellectual property rights. Effective use of the databases requires understanding how to conduct simple, advanced, equivalent and other specialized searches across different fields.
The document discusses different types of patent searches including patentability searches, freedom to operate searches, validity searches, landscape searches, state-of-the-art searches, bibliographic searches, continuing searches, assignment searches, number searches, name searches, subject searches, classification searches, family searches, and legal status searches. It provides details on the purpose, timing, and scope of each type of search.
This Presentation teaches on how to search patent using various patent database like Free patent database, Patent database of National Authority and Paid patent database. It also focus on general parts of the patent and why patenting is needed. This presentation was delivered to M.Pharm. student by Mr. Pratik Vora for supporting them in their dissertation topic search. Hope you may find it helpful to you, also.
This document provides an overview of patent searching, including what patents are, the patent classification system, and a 7-step process for conducting a preliminary patent search. Key points include:
- Patents protect inventions and designs for a limited time in exchange for public disclosure.
- The US classification system organizes patents by characteristics and relationships. It is recommended for searching prior art.
- The 7 steps include: describing the invention, finding classifications, reviewing class definitions, searching patent databases, analyzing search results, and reviewing cited references.
- Databases like PatFT and AppFT can be searched by classification to find prior patents and applications. Claims, drawings and other details should be reviewed.
Organization of Patent as Open Source Software based Open Access Repository ItemMoumita Ash
The document discusses organizing patents as open access repository items using open source software. It describes customizing metadata schemas, submission forms, indexing and licensing to properly organize patent documents. Several Indian institutions have included patents in their open access repositories by customizing Dublin Core metadata and designing collections specifically for patents in software like DSpace. Open source repository software provides facilities to archive patents while avoiding financial and customization barriers.
A Dozen and One Things to Know About CopyrightRogan Hamby
This is the original version of the presentation I did at SCLA in 2012. I still need to add citations and I'm already updating it for my next scheduled presentation of it since there were changes in the DMCA just last week!
"Innovations" of copyright and intellectual propertiesWendy Lile
This document discusses innovations in copyright and intellectual property laws. It covers the types of intellectual property protections including copyrights, patents, and trademarks. It then discusses the application processes and statistics for these protections. The document also examines restrictive technologies like digital rights management (DRM) and piracy laws, and how they impact content distribution and mobile access. It concludes by arguing that current intellectual property restrictions mainly benefit large international businesses, rather than individual creators or the U.S. economy.
Cybersquatting in India - Genesis & Legal ScenarioNishi Shabana
A domain name is a unique name that identifies a website. Squatting is the act of registering a popular Internet address--usually a company name--with the intent of selling it to its rightful owner at an inflated price or put the domain names up for auction.....
Domain names are important for businesses to be found online and resolving disputes is important to reduce confusion; ICANN manages the domain name system and disputes can be resolved through negotiation, UDRP filing, or courts. The UDRP process provides a mandatory, global mechanism for resolving disputes over identical or confusingly similar domain names registered and used in bad faith.
NNDKP_Domain names on the internet. Alternative dispute resolution.Nestor_Nestor
This document discusses domain name disputes and alternative dispute resolution. It provides an overview of domain names and trends in top-level domains. It then summarizes how domain name conflicts involving trademarks can be resolved through alternative dispute resolution procedures like the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy or through courts. The document outlines strategies used in bad faith like cybersquatting, typosquatting, and renewal snatching and how these are addressed in dispute resolution cases.
The .LAT new gTLD helps to identify persons, organizations, causes and latino projects on the Internet, offering Internet Presence with Latin Identity:
- High Recognition Label
- High availability of names
For businesses that have a special interest in the Latino community as a market.
.LAT offers the possibility of direct communication and engagement with the Latino community in the USA and Latin America.
.LAT is a joint collaboration of eCOM-LAC and NIC México
eCOM-LAC is Latin American and Caribbean Federation for Internet and Electronic Commerce, based in Uruguay.
NIC México (.MX manager) is the technical and commercial operator, providing all kinds of services for the operation of the gTLD .LAT
For more information, please contact .LAT via:
http://www.nic.lat
A year at ICANN: The users' perspective. Gareth Dickson, Fordham IP Conferenc...Gareth Dickson
This document summarizes key topics from an upcoming presentation at the 2015 Fordham IP Conference on the user perspective regarding the past year at the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The presentation will discuss the new .sucks top-level domain, reviews of rights protection mechanisms like the Uniform Rapid Suspension procedure and Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy, ongoing discussions regarding GAC safeguards and geographical names, and implications of the new EU General Data Protection Regulation for ICANN's data retention waivers. It also briefly profiles presenter Gareth Dickson of Cooley LLP and his expertise in domain name and internet policy issues.
Cybersquatting (also known as domain squatting), according to the United States federal law known as the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, is registering, trafficking in, or using an Internet domain name with bad faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else. The cybersquatter then offers to sell the domain to the person or company who owns a trademark contained within the name at an inflated price.
The term is derived from "squatting", which is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or building that the squatter does not own, rent, or otherwise have permission to use.
The document discusses WIPO's role and recommendations regarding intellectual property protections in the expansion of new generic top-level domains (gTLDs). It outlines WIPO's proposals for pre-delegation and post-delegation dispute resolution procedures to address trademark issues. It also discusses WIPO's proposed expedited suspension mechanism as a complement to the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) for more efficient protection of trademark rights in new gTLDs.
Microsoft power point domain and cyber squatting [compatibility mode]sanjeev kumar chaswal
Tata Sons Ltd filed a complaint with WIPO against MakeMyTrip regarding the domain name "oktatabyebye.com". Tata Sons argued that the domain name was confusingly similar to their registered "Tata" trademark and MakeMyTrip had no legitimate rights to use it. MakeMyTrip claimed that "Tata" was used colloquially and the site was a travel community portal. WIPO ruled in favor of Tata Sons, directing MakeMyTrip to discontinue use and transfer the domain name, unless MakeMyTrip pursued legal proceedings within 10 days.
This document discusses trademark issues related to domain names in the digital era. It begins by explaining how domain names have become important business identifiers online and discusses some of the structure and purpose of domain name systems. It then explains how disputes can arise over domain name ownership between trademark holders operating in different regions. The document outlines the domain name assignment procedure and some available legal remedies for disputes, including the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) established by ICANN. It provides details on the UDRP process and notes that India has its own dispute resolution policy for .IN domain names as well. In conclusion, it states that domain name dispute resolution has proven an effective alternative to litigation for resolving conflicts.
Icann Presentation @OBP Milano 18 novembre2009Register.it
The document summarizes ICANN's New gTLD Program. It discusses the policy development process for new generic top-level domains (gTLDs), the application procedures and requirements for applicants, the evaluation and objection processes, procedures for resolving identical or similar string contention, and the delegation process. It also provides an overview of plans for internationalized domain names (IDNs) and the recently approved "fast track" process for IDN country code top-level domains.
Certain internet companies provide services which efficiently fight against counterfeiting and online infringement, without resorting to legal means. How does this technology complement the work done by lawyers to fight against the online pandemic of knockoffs? What services, exactly, are provided to brands? Stuart Durham, General Manager UK, NetNames
How to protect the IP of luxury and fashion brands with other means than the ...Annabelle Gauberti
Certain internet companies provide services which efficiently fight against counterfeiting and online infringement, without resorting to legal means. How does this technology complement the work done by lawyers to fight against the online pandemic of knockoffs? What services, exactly, are provided to brands? Stuart Durham, General Manager UK, NetNames
This document discusses trends in country code top-level domains (ccTLDs) and their models of operation. It notes that LACTLD, the organization of Latin American and Caribbean ccTLDs, was founded in 1998 in Buenos Aires and legally incorporated in 2004. LACTLD currently has 17 member ccTLDs from countries like Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and others. These ccTLDs have different organizational structures and include governmental, academic, and non-profit models. All ccTLDs have two main functions - domain name registration and resolution services. They must deal with both local and global internet communities by following technical standards to ensure interoperability, which is key to the internet's success. Govern
Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
Domain names map website addresses to IP numbers, allowing users to access websites with easy-to-remember names like www.google.com rather than long strings of numbers. Disputes can arise when multiple parties claim rights to the same domain name. Types of disputes include infringement when a name resembles a trademark to profit off its reputation, concurrent claims when multiple legitimate users want the same name, and cybersquatting when names are registered solely to sell them to trademark holders. Courts examine factors like trademark strength and likelihood of confusion to resolve disputes. Famous cases include McDonald's reclaiming mcdonalds.com from an author and Microsoft disputing microsoft.com registrations.
DomRaider is launching its token, the DRT, to finance its growth and to propel its blockchain auctions onto a worldwide sphere.
For more information about DomRaider Initial Coin Offering, we encourage you all to read our whitepaper and please do not hesitate to ask us any questions!
Token Sale scheduled for september 12th.
www.domraider.io
New gTLDs are coming! - ResellerClub WebinarResellerClub
This document discusses the upcoming launch of new generic top-level domains (gTLDs) and provides an overview of ResellerClub's plans to support them. Key points include:
- ICANN's new gTLD program will introduce hundreds of new gTLDs like .camera, .london, and .شبكة to provide more options beyond the existing 22 gTLDs.
- Major registry applicants include Donuts, Top Level Domain Holdings, and Google. Launch timelines will range from weeks to years as gTLDs are approved and launched in batches.
- ResellerClub is developing tools like pre-ordering domains, registry integrations, and trademark support to
This document discusses domain names and domain name disputes. It begins by explaining what domain names are and how they help users navigate the internet. It then describes the different levels of domain names and the organization ICANN that manages domain names. The rest of the document discusses how domain names can be used as addresses or trademarks, the different types of domain name disputes, and potential remedies for disputes.
Similar to Inta useof tmsindomainnamespresentation (20)
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop
Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop
Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
The marketing plan aims to increase awareness of dotTLD's trademark sunrise period and drive 10,000+ registrations. Key objectives include increasing awareness of the sunrise period among legal, marketing, and IT professionals and addressing any perception that trademark sunrise is too expensive. Tactics include developing educational white papers, best practices guides, case studies and hosting/attending various seminars and events. The plan also aims to increase use of registered domain names by obtaining commitments from brands and early adopters to add content and promote their dotTLD sites.
DNS Business Development Workshop
Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop
Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
This document discusses managed DNS hosting services for domain name registrars. It explains that DNS converts domain names to IP addresses and allows online content to be found. Registrars traditionally provide both domain registration and DNS hosting, but can outsource DNS hosting to a managed provider. The document promotes a company's managed DNS hosting services, noting the importance of DNS for website and email activation. It also discusses trends showing growing demand and adoption of premium DNS solutions due to increasing online threats and costs of DNS outages.
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop Course Overview This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry. The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course. The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop
Course Overview
This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry.
The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course.
The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop
Course Overview
This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry.
The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course.
The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop
Course Overview
This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry.
The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course.
The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
DNS Business Development Workshop
Course Overview
This course is designed to provide a basic understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) industry and business drivers to enable entrepreneurs to understand potential business opportunities in this industry.
The course will focus on practical issues where appropriate, with case studies and listings of available resources and vendors in the industry. Ample time will be included for networking opportunities and identifying available resources for on-going assistance after the conclusion of the course.
The course will occur over a 5 day period, with an early end on the last day to accommodate travel schedules
Instagram has become one of the most popular social media platforms, allowing people to share photos, videos, and stories with their followers. Sometimes, though, you might want to view someone's story without them knowing.
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsLaura Szabó
The product workshop focused on exploring the requirements of Generation Z in relation to marketplace dynamics. We delved into their specific needs, examined the specifics in their shopping preferences, and analyzed their preferred methods for accessing information and making purchases within a marketplace. Through the study of real-life cases , we tried to gain valuable insights into enhancing the marketplace experience for Generation Z.
The workshop was held on the DMA Conference in Vienna June 2024.
Understanding User Behavior with Google Analytics.pdfSEO Article Boost
Unlocking the full potential of Google Analytics is crucial for understanding and optimizing your website’s performance. This guide dives deep into the essential aspects of Google Analytics, from analyzing traffic sources to understanding user demographics and tracking user engagement.
Traffic Sources Analysis:
Discover where your website traffic originates. By examining the Acquisition section, you can identify whether visitors come from organic search, paid campaigns, direct visits, social media, or referral links. This knowledge helps in refining marketing strategies and optimizing resource allocation.
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Gain a comprehensive view of your audience by exploring demographic data in the Audience section. Understand age, gender, and interests to tailor your marketing strategies effectively. Leverage this information to create personalized content and improve user engagement and conversion rates.
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Learn how to measure user interaction with your site through key metrics like bounce rate, average session duration, and pages per session. Enhance user experience by analyzing engagement metrics and implementing strategies to keep visitors engaged.
Conversion Rate Optimization:
Understand the importance of conversion rates and how to track them using Google Analytics. Set up Goals, analyze conversion funnels, segment your audience, and employ A/B testing to optimize your website for higher conversions. Utilize ecommerce tracking and multi-channel funnels for a detailed view of your sales performance and marketing channel contributions.
Custom Reports and Dashboards:
Create custom reports and dashboards to visualize and interpret data relevant to your business goals. Use advanced filters, segments, and visualization options to gain deeper insights. Incorporate custom dimensions and metrics for tailored data analysis. Integrate external data sources to enrich your analytics and make well-informed decisions.
This guide is designed to help you harness the power of Google Analytics for making data-driven decisions that enhance website performance and achieve your digital marketing objectives. Whether you are looking to improve SEO, refine your social media strategy, or boost conversion rates, understanding and utilizing Google Analytics is essential for your success.
Italy Agriculture Equipment Market Outlook to 2027harveenkaur52
Agriculture and Animal Care
Ken Research has an expertise in Agriculture and Animal Care sector and offer vast collection of information related to all major aspects such as Agriculture equipment, Crop Protection, Seed, Agriculture Chemical, Fertilizers, Protected Cultivators, Palm Oil, Hybrid Seed, Animal Feed additives and many more.
Our continuous study and findings in agriculture sector provide better insights to companies dealing with related product and services, government and agriculture associations, researchers and students to well understand the present and expected scenario.
Our Animal care category provides solutions on Animal Healthcare and related products and services, including, animal feed additives, vaccination
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfFlorence Consulting
Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
Abbiamo parlato di come Axpo Italia S.p.A. ha ridotto il technical debt migrando le proprie APIs da Mule 3.9 a Mule 4.4 passando anche da on-premises a CloudHub 1.0.
2. What Is a Domain Name?
• A domain name is the user-friendly form of an
Internet Protocol (IP) address that points an
Internet user’s computer to the website the user
wants to view
• Each IP address is a string of numbers
• The domain name is made of characters that
are easier to remember
• Example: inta.org is easier to remember than its
corresponding IP address, 64.244.180.150
3. Domain Name System (DNS)
• Basically, DNS is a global addressing
system
• DNS allows users to go to a specific website
by entering its corresponding domain name
• DNS locates and translates domain names
into IP addresses
5. Components of Domain Names:
Top-Level Domains
• Highest level in the DNS hierarchy
– Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs)
• Examples: .com, .net, .org
• Also, gTLDs for business or interest groups (e.g., .gov for the U.S.
government, etc.)
• NEW gTLDs (e.g., .brand, .community, .geographical area)
– Country-Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs)
• Examples: .au for Australia, .mx for Mexico
– Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs)
• Contain local language characters such as accents and may include
non-Latin scripts
• Examples: 香港 (Hong Kong), рф (Russian Federation)
6. Components of Domain Names:
Second-Level Domains
• Second-level domain names:
– Follows “www.” and precedes the top-level domain name
– Chosen by registrant
– Must be:
(1) unique term not previously used as a second-level
domain name, and
(2) registered
7. New gTLD Names
• Examples of new gTLD names:
– by brand (.amazon, .dunlop), music and arts community
(.theater, .band), cause (.eco, .charity),
geographic/cultural area (.nyc, .irish), etc.
• Companies and organizations will be able to create and
operate a registry business for the new gTLD
• The use of non-Latin characters (such as Cyrillic, Arabic,
Chinese, etc.) will also be allowed in gTLDs
• The initial application process closed on May 30, 2012
• The time period for a second round of applications has not
yet been established, but it will likely be at least a couple of
years after the close of the initial round of applications
8. New gTLD Names:
Trademark Owners’ Remedies
• The World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO) is the exclusive provider of dispute
resolution services for trademark-based “Legal
Rights Objections” for the new gTLDs
(More info: http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/newgtld/)
9. Timeline for New gTLDs
For the most up-to-date information, see:
• http://www.inta.org/Advocacy/Pages/gTLDs.
aspx
• http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/agb
10. How Are Domain Names Registered?
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN) manages domain name system
(More info: http://www.icann.org/)
• ICANN-Accredited Registrars handle the actual registration
of gTLDs
• National Registry or Local Registrars handle the actual
registration of ccTLDs
11. Domain Name Disputes
Cybersquatting refers to when a party registers, without
permission, a domain name that is confusingly similar to a
third-party trademark with the intention of seeking to reap
some type of commercial or financial benefit, often in an
effort to block the trademark owner from using the domain
until the owner agrees to pay an exaggerated sum for the
domain.
14. Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution
Policy (UDRP)
• International arbitration process for resolution of domain
name disputes adopted by ICANN
• Incorporated into domain name registration agreements of
accredited registrars
– Also, registrants make certain representations regarding
their domain names (e.g., domain name registration will
not infringe third-party rights, etc.)
• Only administrative alternative to going to courts
15. UDRP Service Providers
• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
• National Arbitration Forum (NAF)
• Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre
• The Czech Arbitration Court Arbitration Center for Internet
Disputes
(More info: http://www.icann.org/en/help/dndr/udrp/providers)
16. UDRP: Applicable to the Following
• All ICANN-Accredited Registrars for
gTLDs: .aero, .asia, .biz, .cat, .com, .coop,
.info, .jobs, .mobi, .museum, .name, .net,
.org, .pro, .tel, .travel and .xxx
• Some ccTLDs, such as .au (Australia)
17. UDRP Rules
Proceedings are governed by:
• The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-
Resolution Policy (UDRP), AND
• Supplemental rules issued by the dispute
resolution service provider
18. UDRP Procedure:
WIPO Example
• Complaint filed
• Formal commencement
• Response due (within 20 days)
• 1 or 3 panelist(s) appointed
• Decision due to WIPO (within 14 days)
• WIPO forwards decision to parties, ICANN and registrar
(within 3 days)
• Decision implemented by registrar
(More info: http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/gtld/udrp/)
19. UDRP Policy
• Complaint requirements:
(a) Same or confusingly similar trademarks
(b) No legitimate interest in the domain name
(c) Bad faith registration and use of the domain
name
20. UDRP: Same or Confusingly Similar
Trademarks
• Domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a
trademark in which the complainant has rights
• Different panelists may have different views with regard to
trademark + terms (sucks, love, my, hate, …) (e.g.,
xyzsucks.com) (the content will generally determine the
relevance of the term)
• Different panelists may also have different views with
regard to “generic” trademarks (the content and
respondent’s rights will likely determine the outcome)
(More Info: http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/search/overview2.0/index.html)
21. UDRP: No Legitimate Interests
• Registrant/respondent does not have any
rights or legitimate interests in the domain
name at issue
• Complainant must establish prima facie case
that respondent lacks rights
(More Info: http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/search/overview2.0/index.html)
22. UDRP: Demonstrating Rights & Legitimate
Interests
• Use of (or demonstrable preparations to use)
the domain name in connection with a bona fide
offering of goods/services
• Commonly known by the domain name (even if
no trademark rights)
• Legitimate noncommercial or fair use (e.g., in
some cases, criticism and fan sites)
(More info: http://www.icann.org/en/help/dndr/udrp/policy)
23. UDRP: Bad Faith
• Registrant registered and is using the
domain name in bad faith
• Bad faith is determined at the time of
registration (not renewal)
• Offers to sell a domain name (even during
settlement discussions) can show bad faith
(More Info: http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/search/overview2.0/index.html)
24. UDRP: Evidence of Registration and Use in
Bad Faith
• Registration of the domain name to:
– Sell, rent or transfer the domain name for
valuable consideration in excess of the out-of-
pocket costs directly related to the domain name
– To prevent the owner of the trademark from
obtaining the domain name, or a pattern of such
conduct
– Disrupt business of a competitor
– Attract users to a website for commercial gain by
creating confusion with trademark owner’s mark
26. Other Jurisdictions
• Many countries have their own policies and procedures
• Examples:
Mexico —Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy for .mx (LDRP):
http://www.registry.mx/jsf/static_content/domain/policies_second.jsf
Israel—Procedures for Alternative Dispute Resolution under the
.il ccTLD by Dispute Resolution Panels (IL-DRP):
http://www.isoc.org.il/domains/ildrp.html
(More Info: WIPO Arbitration & Mediation Center ccTLD Database:
http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/cctld_db/)
27. Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection
Act (ACPA)
• United States law that provides trademark owners
with a civil remedy against cybersquatting
• Cybersquatting is defined as “registering,
trafficking in, or using a domain name with bad
faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a
trademark belonging to someone else”
• One portion of ACPA relates to famous individuals
28. ACPA Requirements
• The mark is valid
• The owner registered the domain name in
bad faith in order to profit from the mark
• The mark was distinctive when the domain
name was registered
• The domain name is identical or confusingly
similar to the mark
29. ACPA Remedies
• A court order requiring that the domain
name be transferred to the mark owner
• Monetary damages
30. Summary—UDRP vs. ACPA
ACPA UDRP
Expensive Inexpensive
Lengthy proceedings Quick proceedings
Uncertain Majority of decisions in favor of
complainant
Limited to the United States Incorporated globally for certain
domains (e.g., .com)
Damages Damages are not available
31. Recommendations to Trademark Owners
• Use watch services
• Proactively register a few basic variations of
your company name or brand name for
defensive purposes (also known as
defensive registrations)
32. INTA Resources
• Internet Topic Portal
• Domain Names Fact Sheet
• Differences Between Trademarks and Domain
Names Fact Sheet
• The UDRP: Alternative Dispute Resolution For
Domain Name Disputes Fact Sheet
Editor's Notes
Domain names are the words users enter into the address bar of their browser to visit a website. The Domain Name System simply translates these domain names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Each website on the Internet has an IP address behind the name.
Since 1999, Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ("ICANN") has been responsible for managing the domain name system. It is responsible for facilitating the technical, managerial and policy decisions on the Internet. Actual registration of domain names is delegated to various accredited registrars. Individual countries control their respective ccTLDs and establish their own policies for registration and use.
After the registrant has provided contact and technical information to the chosen registrar, the registrar verifies that the domain name is available and then submits the technical information to a central directory known as the "registry." This registry provides other computers on the Internet the necessary information to send you email or locate your website. When a domain name is registered, an entry is added to a directory of all the domain names and their corresponding computers on the Internet.
There are several types of domain name disputes that involve bad faith. The most common type of dispute—both in terms of relevance to abuse of trademarks and in terms of prevalence on the Internet—is cybersquatting.
Cybersquatters exploit the first-come, first-served nature of the domain name registration system to register names of trademarks, famous people or businesses with which they have no connection. Some cybersquatters then offer to sell the domain names directly to the company or person involved, at prices exceeding the cost of registration.
In other cases, the registrant uses the domain to host a website that is, for instance, filled with advertising links or content competitive with the trademark owner.
Although this presentation will focus on cybersquatting, it should be noted that there are other types of abuse related to domain names.
Typosquatting
Registration of a domain name that constitutes an intentional misspelling of a third-party trademark with a view to securing financial or commercial benefit. If a user accidentally enters an incorrect website address, he or she may be led to an alternative website owned by a cybersquatter (e.g., registration of cocacolla.com in an attempt to capture traffic from cocacola.com).
Domain Name Tasting
Following the initial registration of a domain name, there is a five-day grace period during which the registration may be deleted. The term “domain name tasting” refers to the practice whereby registrants use the five-day grace period to test the profitability of domains. The registrants conduct a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether they will derive income from advertisements placed on the domain's website. If the amount of income generated by traffic to the website exceeds the annual registration fee, the registrant will keep the domain name. Otherwise, the registrant will cancel the registration.
As a result of domain name tasting, ICANN imposed penalties that would ensure that any group that performed an excessive number of these premature domain name cancellations wound up with a substantial bill. ICANN announced in August 2009 that its actions essentially eliminated domain name tasting.
In 2001, ICANN devised the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP is an international arbitration process for the resolution of domain name disputes. The UDRP permits trademark holders to seek the transfer or cancellation of domain names that they believe infringe on their trademark rights, without resorting to litigation. All accredited registrars now use the UDRP. The dispute resolution procedure is incorporated into the agreement between the registrar and domain name registrant at the registration stage.
A business or person who believes that a name or trademark is being used by a cybersquatter or another party who lacks the rights to the domain name may have grounds to initiate a proceeding under the UDRP.
ICANN provides a list of approved service providers for Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy. When choosing an appropriate dispute resolution provider, it is important to consider factors such as the location, cost, language skills, the type of domain at issue, and availability of each provider.
The UDRP has been adopted by all accredited gTLD domain-name registrars. Thus the UDRP is incorporated into every gTLD domain name registration agreement, which is the agreement between the accredited registrar and the registrant, providing for registration of a domain name. The UDRP is also applied by the registrars of certain country code top-level domains (ccTLDs) that have adopted the UDRP Policy on a voluntary basis.
Complaints: Some organizations (e.g., National Arbitration Forum, WIPO) provide sample complaints online.
Response: If the domain name registrant does not file a response, it is in default. However, that does not mean that the complainant automatically prevails. The panelist(s) will still consider the complaint to determine if the complainant has established the necessary elements of its claims.
Panelists: The UDRP panelists are trained in trademark law or similar fields, and have a rich body of relevant case law on which to base their decisions. The complainant can specify whether it wants one or three panelist(s). If the complainant opts for one panelist, the respondent can select three panelists (but must share the applicable fee).
The proceeding is often complete within a few months of filing the complaint.
To be successful under the UDRP, the trademark owner must establish:
1. that the trademark owner owns a trademark (either registered or unregistered) that is the same or confusingly similar to the registered second-level domain name;
2. that the party that registered the domain name has no legitimate right or interest in the domain name; and
3. that the domain name was registered and used in bad faith.
If the trademark owner successfully proves all three points in the UDRP administrative proceeding, then the domain name can either be cancelled or transferred to the prevailing trademark owner. If the trademark owner fails to prove one of these points, the administrative panel will not cancel or transfer the domain name.
Proving the complainant’s rights in a mark under the first element can be accomplished relatively easily if the complainant has obtained a registration for its mark or has well-established common law rights. Proving the remaining portion of the first element then requires an argument that the domain name is identical or confusingly similar to that mark.
The second element can be proven by showing that the registrant had notice of the complainant’s mark (e.g., a U.S. domain name registrant had notice of complainant’s famous U.S. mark or constructive notice of complainant’s federal registration), or made no demonstrable preparations to use the domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services (e.g., registrant had no website up). This element can also be proven by showing that the registrant has not been commonly known by the disputed portion of the domain name, or has not made a legitimate, commercial or fair use of the domain name (e.g., the registrant instead intends to misleadingly divert customers or tarnish the trademark or service mark at issue for commercial gain).
A domain name owner can prove a legitimate right or interest in a domain name by showing, among other things:
1. use or preparations to use the domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services prior to any notice of the dispute;
2. that the domain name owner has been commonly known by the second-level domain name; or
3. that the domain name owner is making legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the domain name, without intent of (i) commercial gain, (ii) misleadingly diverting consumers, or (iii) tarnishing the trademark at issue.
There can be bad faith when the domain name is not actively used (and is instead passively held), depending on the circumstances. Examples demonstrating bad faith in such circumstances: concealing identity, impossibility of conceiving a good faith use of the domain name.
A trademark owner can show that a domain name was registered and used in bad faith in a variety of ways, including by showing that the domain name owner:
1. registered the name primarily for the purpose of selling or transferring the domain name to the trademark owner or a competitor of the trademark owner for a price greater than out-of-pocket costs;
2. engaged in a pattern of registering trademarks of others to prevent the use of the domain names by the trademark owners;
3. registered the domain name primarily to disrupt the business of a competitor; or
4. is attempting to attract users to a website for commercial gain by creating a likelihood of confusion with the trademark owner's trademark.
If the trademark owner successfully proves all three points in the UDRP proceeding, then the administrative panel will either cancel or transfer the domain name to the prevailing trademark owner. If the trademark owner fails to prove one of these points, the administrative panel will not cancel or transfer the domain name.
However, under the UDRP, either party retains the option to take the dispute to a court for independent resolution. Thus, it is possible that the dispute won't end at arbitration. However, in practice, these matters are rarely taken to court after arbitration.
NIC-Mexico (the Network Information Center in Mexico) devised its own policy for the administration and registration of .mx domain names and, as of December 1, 2000, enacted the General Domain Name Policies.
The Israeli domain name dispute resolution policy is an alternative dispute resolution procedure intended to provide expedited resolution to disputes regarding the allocation of domain names under the .il ccTLD.
The ACPA made it easier for individuals and companies to take over domain names that are confusingly similar to their names and trademarks. To do so, however, they must establish that the domain name registrant acted in bad faith.
One portion of the ACPA relates to famous individuals. It allows individuals to file a civil action against anyone who registers their name as a second-level domain name for the purpose of selling the domain name for a profit.
The more general portion of the statute protects companies against persons who, in bad faith, register a domain name that is the same or confusingly similar to an existing trademark. The statute lists several factors that a court may consider when determining whether the domain name was registered in bad faith.
Advantages: ACPA
Under ACPA's liberal jurisdiction rules, you don’t have to personally serve the defendant. This makes it possible to bring the lawsuit even if you can’t find the domain name owner.
This was necessary because WhoIs data is often inaccurate and/or defendants are located in foreign countries.
Disadvantages: ACPA
Expensive; lengthy proceedings; uncertain; action limited to the United States.
Advantages: UDRP
UDRP Arbitration is much cheaper and faster than a lawsuit. On average, proceedings are concluded within two months. Prices vary depending on how many domain names you are challenging and whether any of the parties elect to have three panelists hear the case instead of a single arbitrator. Also, you don’t need a lawyer to initiate a UDRP arbitration, although many people feel more comfortable with one. Because it’s based on ICANN’s policies, and not on U.S. law, if ccTLDs are involved, you need to follow the dispute resolution policies specific to each country. They are often similar to the URDP.
The best alternative to pursuing a domain name dispute through the courts is to take advantage of the domain name dispute policies that have been developed by the organizations that assign domain names.
Disadvantages: UDRP
There is no possibility of monetary damages in a UDRP proceeding. That is one reason that some people prefer to file a lawsuit.
Also, there is no opportunity for discovery, as there is in a civil lawsuit.
It is possible that the arbitration won't be the end of the dispute. Under the UDRP, either party retains the option to take the dispute to court. In practice, it is quite rare for a case to be taken to court after arbitration.
Adopt a watch service that will notify you of domains that are confusingly similar to your trademark.
Register domain names defensively—the easiest (and cheapest) way to prevent most cybersquatting is to register a few basic variations of your company name before the damage is done. It may not prevent all cases of typosquatting, but if you register the popular options (including common misspellings), then the mark is exposed to less abuse.