2. Content
Introduction
Characteristics
Types of Bio-pesticide
Microbial pesticide
Biochemical pesticide
Plant Incorporated protectants
Production of Bio pesticide
Advantages
Disadvantages
3. Introduction of pesticide
Pesticide are chemical substances that are meant to kill
pests
In general a pesticides is a chemical or a biological
agent such as a virus , bacterium , anti microbial
4. Type of pesticide
These are grouped according to the types of pests which
they kill
Insecticide – insects
Herbicide – plants
Rodenticide – rodent (rate & mice)
Bactericide – bacteria
Fungicide – fungi
Larvicides - larvae
5. Benefits of pesticides
Protecting crops from insects and other
pests
Controlling pests and plant disease
vector
Controlling organisms that harm other
human activities and structures
6. Effect of pesticide
Any harmful effects that occur from small doses repeated
over a period of time are termed “chronic effects “
Suspected chronic effects from exposure to certain
pesticides include-:
Birth defects
Toxicity to a fetus
Genetic changes
Blood disorders
Nerve disorders
7. Function of pesticide
Protect plant or plant products against pests/disease
before or after harvest
Influence the life processes of plants
Preserve plant products
Destroy or prevent growth of undesired plants or parts
of plants
9. Introduction
Bio pesticide are certain type pesticides derived from
such natural material
Ie- plants , animals , microbes or any other biologically
available source
Plant protection agents
Control pets by non toxic mechanisms
10. Characteristics
They have a narrow target range and highly specific
mode of action
They are slow acting
They suppress pest populations
They are often used as part of integrated pest
management program (IPM)
They are generally safer to humans and the
environment than conventional pesticides
11. Types
Microbial pesticide
Bio chemical pesticide
Plant incorporated protectants
Microbial Pesticide-it consist’s of a
microorganisms such as , bacterium
fungus , virus & protozoan etc as
the active ingredients
it can control many different kinds
of pets although each separate
active ingredient is relatively
specific for it’s target pest
Ie- Bacillus Thuringiensis
12. Bacillus Thuringiensis
Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) is a soil
borne bacteria
BT was first discovered in 1901 by a
japanese scientist investigating the
decline in silkworm moth populations
which he attributed to the rode
shaped , gram-positive bacterium
Has been used since the 1950s for
natural insect control
It consists of a spore which gives it
persistence and a protein crystal
within the spore which is toxic
13. that toxic protein differs depending on the subspecies it
makes proteins that are toxic to some insect when eaten
, but not others
BT action is very specific
Different strain of BT are specific to different receptors
in insect gut wall
Bt toxicity depends on recognising receptors damage to
the gut by the toxic occurs upon binding to a receptor
each insect species possess different types of receptors
that will match only certain toxin proteins like a lock to
key
14. How Does BT Work
Insect eats Bt crystals and spore’s
The toxin binds to specific receptors in the gut and the
insects stops eating
The crystals cause the gut wall to break down allowing
spore’s and normal gut bacteria to enter the body
The insect dies as spore’s and gut bacteria proliferation in
the body
15.
16. Bio chemical pesticides
Biochemical pesticides are naturally
occurring substances that pests by non-
toxic mechanisms.
Conventional pesticides by contrast are
generally synthetic material that directly
kill or inactivate the pest.
Eg- neem oil extract
17. Plant incorporated protectants
Pips are pesticidal substance that
plants produce from genetic material
that has been added to the plant.
For ex- The gene from the BT
pesticidal protein and introduce the
gene into the plants own genetic
material.
Then the plant instead of the
bacterium manufactures the
substance that destroys the peats.
19. Raw Material-:
May be Organic or inorganic compound
Different raw material for different pesticide
Reactor System-:
Chemical process takes place in the presence of chemicals such ass
Oxidation nitration condensation etc
Fractioning system-:
Separation process in which certain quantity of a mixture (solid ,
liquid , solute suspension or isotopes) is divide up in a number of
fractions in which composition change
20. Dryer-:
Removal of water or other solvent by evaporation
from solid , semi- solid or liquid
Final production steps before selling or packaging
products
Scrubber -:
To remove priority pollutants from pesticide using
scrubbing liquor
Waste water go to treatment plant
Packaging -:
packed in dry and clean containers eg- drums type
depend on type of pesticide
Capacity is 10, 25,50 ,100 ,200 lits.
21. Advantage of Bio-pesticide
These are usually less toxic than conventional pesticide
It affects only the target pests and closely related
organisms
No harmful residue
Environmental friendly
Cost effective
Improve food quality
22. Disadvantage of Bio-pesticide
Bio-pesticide are high specific in action that it requires
an exact identification of the pest
Slow speed of action that is unsuitable in an immediate
treatment of crops
Difficult in culturing in a large quantity
