JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is a Java API that allows Java programs to connect to databases. It provides an interface to query and update data in a database. There are four types of JDBC drivers: 1) JDBC-ODBC bridge driver, 2) Native-API driver, 3) Network Protocol driver, and 4) Thin driver. Each has advantages and disadvantages related to performance, required software installation, and coding complexity.

1. Introduction of
Java JDBC

2. Before JDBC, ODBC API was the database API to
associate and execute question with the database.
Be that as it may, ODBC API utilizes ODBC driver
which is composed in C dialect (i.e. stage needy
and unsecured).
That is the reason Java has characterized
its own API (JDBC API) that utilizations JDBC
drivers (written in Java dialect).

3. What is API Programming interface
(Application programming interface) is a report
that contains portrayal of the considerable number
of elements of an item or programming.
It speaks to classes and interfaces that
product projects can take after to speak with each
other. An API can be made for applications,
libraries, working frameworks, and so forth ..
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4. There are 4 sorts of JDBC drivers
1. JDBC-ODBC connect driver
2. Native-API driver (mostly java driver)
3. Network Protocol driver (completely java driver)
4. Thin driver (completely java driver)

5. 1) The ODBC driver should be introduced on the
customer machine.
2) Native-API driver The Native API driver utilizes the
customer side libraries of the database.
The driver changes over JDBC technique
calls into local calls of the database API. It is not
composed totally in java.

6. Favorable position: performance updated than JDBC-
ODBC connect driver.
Burden: The Native driver should be introduced on the
every
customer machine: The Vendor customer library
should be introduced on customer machine.

7. 3) Network Protocol driver :
The Network Protocol driver
utilizes middleware (application server) that
proselytes JDBC calls straightforwardly or in a
roundabout way into the merchant particular
database convention. It is completely composed in
java.
Preferred standpoint: No customer side library is
required in light of utilization server that can
perform many errands like examining, stack
adjusting, logging and so on.

8. Detriments: Network bolster is required on
customer machine.
1) JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver uses ODBC
driver to connect to the database. The JDBC-ODBC
bridge driver converts JDBC method calls into the
ODBC function calls. This is now discouraged
because of thin driver.

9. Advantages:
easy to use.
can be easily connected to any database.
Disadvantages:
Performance degraded because JDBC method call is
converted into the ODBC function calls.
The ODBC driver needs to be installed on the client
machine.

10. 2) Native-API driver
The Native API driver uses the client-side
libraries of the database. The driver converts JDBC
method calls into native calls of the database API. It
is not written entirely in java.
Advantage:
performance upgraded than JDBC-ODBC bridge
driver.
Disadvantage:
The Native driver needs to be installed on the each
client machine.
The Vendor client library needs to be installed on
client machine.

11. 3) Network Protocol driver
The Network Protocol driver uses middleware
(application server) that converts JDBC calls directly
or indirectly into the vendor-specific database
protocol. It is fully written in java.
Advantage:
No client side library is required because of
application server that can perform many tasks like
auditing, load balancing, logging etc.

12. Disadvantages:
Network support is required on client machine.
Requires database-specific coding to be done in
the middle tier.
Maintenance of Network Protocol driver becomes
costly because it requires database-specific
coding to be done in the middle tier.

13. 4) Thin driver
The thin driver converts JDBC calls directly into
the vendor-specific database protocol. That is
why it is known as thin driver. It is fully written
in Java language.
Advantage:
Better performance than all other drivers.
No software is required at client side or server side.
Disadvantage:
Drivers depends on the Database.