Helpful for agriculture students

1. Agro omy
Exam based
#1

2. What is Agriculture
• Agriculture is taken from two Latin words ager or
agri meaning soil and cultura meaning cultivation.
• Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the
soil, growing crops, and rearing livestock.

3. Importance of Agriculture
• With a 18-20% contribution to the gross domestic product
(GDP), agriculture still provides livelihood support to about
54%-58% of country's population.
• Agriculture accounts for about 15% of the total export earnings
and provides raw material to a large number of Industries
(textiles, silk, sugar, rice, flour mills, milk products).
• Agriculture sector of India has occupied almost 43% of
India's geographical area.
• Agriculture’s eyes and minds are changed dynamicly from
brown (bare soil) to green (growing crop) to golden (mature
crop) and bumper harvests.

4. Branches of Agriculture
Important Branches Remarks
Agronomy Principles and Practices of crop production.
Pomology Cultivation of fruit crops
Olericulture Cultivation of vegetable crops
Floriculture Cultivation of flower crops
Animal Husbandry Rearing and caring animals
Agricultural
engineering
Study and application of engineering science and designs
principles for agriculture purposes
Forestry The management of forested land, together with associated
waters and wasteland, primarily for harvesting timber.

5. Important Branches Remarks
Agricultural
Economics
Applied field of economics concerned with optimizing the
production and distribution of food and fiber products.
Entomology Scientific study of insects.
Plant Pathology Science that studies plant diseases
Sericulture The cultivation of silkworms to produce silk
Apiculture or Bee
Keeping
Rearing of honeybees
Arboriculture Art of cultivating, properly managing, and studying
individual shrubs, trees, vines, and any other woody plants.
Vermiculture Earthworm farming
Pisciculture Fish rearing and caring

7. Important Branches Remarks
Agricultural
Economics
Applied field of economics concerned with optimizing the
production and distribution of food and fiber products.
Entomology Scientific study of insects.
Plant Pathology Science that studies plant diseases
Sericulture The cultivation of silkworms to produce silk
Apiculture or Bee
Keeping
Rearing of honeybees
Arboriculture Art of cultivating, properly managing, and studying
individual shrubs, trees, vines, and any other woody plants.
Vermiculture Earthworm farming
Pisciculture Fish rearing and caring

9. What is Agronomy
•Agronomy is derived from a Greek word ‘agros’
meaning ‘field’ and ‘nomos’ meaning ‘management’.
•It is defined as an agricultural science deals with
principles and practices of crop production.

10. Evolution of man and Agriculture
• Hunting Pastoral Crop culture Trade

11. • 1. Hunting – It was the primary source of food in old days. It is the
important occupation and it existed for a very long period.
• 2. Pastoral – Human obtained his food through domestication
animals, e.g. dogs, horse, cow, buffalo, etc. They lived in the
periphery of the forest and they had to feed his domesticated
animals.
• 3. Crop culture - By living near the river bed, he had enough water
for his animals and domesticated crops and started cultivation. Thus
he has started to settle in a place.
• 4. Trade – When he started producing more than his requirement the
excess was exchanged, this is the basis for trade. When agriculture
has flourished, trade developed. This lead to infrastructure
development like road, routes, etc.

12. Some Important Events in Agriculture
Year Important Events
Earlier than 10000 BC Hunting and gathering
8700 BC Domestication of Sheep
7700 BC Domestication of Goat
7500 BC Cultivation of Wheat and Barley
6000 BC Domestication of Cattle and Pigs
4400 BC Cultivation of maize
3500 BC Cultivation of Potato

13. 2900 BC Plough was invented, Irrigated Farming Started
2300 BC Cultivated of chickpea, Cotton, Mustard
2200 BC Cultivation of rice
1500 BC Cultivation of Sugarcane
1000 BC Use of iron Plough
1500 AD Cultivation of orange, Brinjal, pomegranate
1600 AD Cultivation of Sweet Orange, sour orange, Wild brinjal,
Pomegranate. Introduction of Potato, Papaya (AFO-2018), tapioca,
tomato, Chillies, Groundnut, Tobacco, Rubber, American cotton.

14. Milestones
• 1880 - Department of Agriculture was established
• 1903 - Imperial Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) was started at Pusa, Bihar
• 1912 - Sugarcane Breeding Institute was established in Coimbatore
• 1929 - Imperial Council of Agricultural Research at New Delhi (then ICAR) after
independence becomes ICAR
• 1936 - Due to earth quake in Bihar, IARI was shifted to New Delhi and the place
was called with original name Pusa
• 1962- First Agricultural University was started at Pantnagar
• 1965-67 - Green revolution in India due to introduction of HYV –Wheat, rice, use
of fertilizers, construction of Dams and use of pesticides

15. Today’s
Quiz

16. The word tillage is derived from (SKUAST-2023)
(a) Greek
(b) Latin
(c) English
(d) Anglo- saxon
(d) Anglo- saxon

17. Horticulture has been derived from the word
hortus, which is: (JRF 2017)
(a) English
(b) Greek
(c) Franch
(d) Latin
(d) Latin

18. The Latin roots for the word "Extension"
(a) Ex and Lucco
(b) Ex and Tensio
(c) Ex and Tention
(d) Ex and Termo
(b) Ex and Tensio

19. The word TAUNGYA is a
(a) Latin word
(b) Greek word
(c) Sankurit word
(d) BURMESE word
(d) BURMESE word

20. Entrepreneur is ________ word .
( MCAER - 2020 )
(a) Latin
(b) Greek
(c) Greek- Latin
(d) Franch
(d) Franch

21. In Pomology, the word pomum is derived from
(pre pg 2020)
(a) Franch term
(b) Latin term
(c) Greek term
(d) Spnish term
(b) Latin term

22. Communication word is derived from which
language? (ICAR 2021)
(a) Latin
(b) Greek
(c) Arbic
(d) None of these
(a) Latin

23. Following are some important events for different
periods that lead to development of scientific
agriculture, Identify the Wrong pair_
(a) 2900- BC plough invented
(b) 1000- BC Use of iron plough
(c) 1400- BC Use of iron
(d) 1600- introduction of American cotton
(d) 1600- introduction of American cotton

24. Use of perennial trees meant for shading and
ornamental purpose is called (jnkvv 2016)
(a) Floriculture
(b) Ornamental Floriculture
(c) Pomology
(d) Arboriculture
(d) Arboriculture

25. The scientific and commercial method of
beekeeping
for the production of honey and wax is called (CG
RAEO 2017)
(a) Apiculture
(b) Sericulture
(c) Silviculture
(d) Pisciculture
(a) Apiculture