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Introduction
This document contains information about Bandile Vincent Bewana, a South African student with identification number 201102308. It discusses several topics related to education in South Africa including the knowledge society, education for all, national strategic objectives, teacher competency standards regarding information and communication technology, and initiatives to develop teacher competencies in ICT. It also addresses the pervasiveness of technology in education and provides conclusions about the need to introduce ICT at an early stage and the role of the government.
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Introduction
- 1. Professional studies Name: BandileVincent Surname: Bewana Student number: 201102308 Contact details: 0763450650
- 3. INTRODUCTION CONTINUE……. SouthAfrican context Poor infrastructure. Key issues in education Government role
- 4. Knowledge society Information andknowledge Information and knowledge society Information communication and technology ICT tools
- 5. KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY CONTINUE…. Teacher competency in ICT Learner competency in ICT challenges
- 7. EDUCATION FOR ALL Government and civil society Conflicts Societal issues Lack of school material Qualified teachers
- 8. Education for allcontinues
- 9. Education for allcontinues Free education Political willingness Budget allocation
- 10. Budget spending ineducation
- 11. Present future national strategicobjectives
- 12. Present future national strategicobjectives South African goals in education Early childhood development
- 13. Present future national strategicobjectives….. Government views on teachers Teachers subject knowledge Teacher bursaries Teacher performance and remuneration
- 14. Present future national strategicobjectives….. The role of further education and skills development Helping academically struggling learners attain skills
- 15.
- 16. Present future national strategicobjectives….. Universities roles in South Africa Requirement by the government Correcting the societal injustices
- 17. Present future national strategicobjectives….. Government success in the education sector Increased learner enrolment Decreased a number of school with no water
- 18. Present future national strategicobjectives….. Challenges facing government in education: 1. Low quality education 2. low mathematics skills by grade 6 3. Low literacy rate and numeracy in previously disadvantaged schools
- 19.
- 20. The national development planstrategies language and numeracy targets Increase the number of learners eligible for bachelors programs
- 21. Broad aims ofthe various national and international initiatives regarding continuous professional development of teachers with regard to teacher competency standards relating to ICTs and professional aptitude
- 22. National initiatives tothe development of teacher competencies in ICT Skills needed by teachers to facilitate ICT in the classroom. Attitude, values , explorers, knowledge, skills and necessary support from government
- 24.
- 25. National initiatives tothe development of teacher competencies in ICT Teacher development in ICT ICT literacy ICT integration
- 26.
- 27. National initiatives tothe development of teacher competencies in ICT …… Teacher development in ICT Principles for ICT in teacher development
- 28. National initiatives tothe development of teacher competencies in ict …… Implementation of ICT Teachers need to acquire the necessary skills Integrate ICT and Curriculum
- 29. National initiatives tothe development of teacher competencies in ict …… Guidelines for the implementation of ICT Available from the Guidelines for Teacher Training and Professional Development in ICT (2007)
- 30. INTERNATIONAL initiatives tothe development of teacher competencies in ict …… World wide phenomenon International teacher ICT competency Learners acting as participants in their learning
- 31. INTERNATIONAL initiatives to thedevelopment of teacher competencies in ict …… Life long learners Exploration of knowledge Life long teacher and acquire new ideas and knowledge
- 32.
- 33. Pervasiveness of technology Itsinfluence on educational Technology downside
- 34. Pervasiveness of technology Technologydownside Technology is expensive Trade off between some necessities in order to provide technological tools to our schools
- 35. Pervasiveness of technology Technologicalimplementation Utilizing a mobile phone Using social media
- 36. Pervasiveness of technology Technologicalimplementation shift of mind set from teachers Training teachers We need practical steps in implementing & political willingness
- 37. conclusion We live inan integrated world Global competition Introduce ICT at an early stage of education
- 38.
- 39.
Editor's Notes
- #4 With and every topic that I will cover during my report I will making sure that everything I talk about I also take into account the context of South Africa for example when we want to implement ICT ( information, communication and technology) we have keep cognisance that we still battle with the most basic requirement of our education for example we still have thousands of school that does not have proper sanitation and infrastructure, textbooks are not delivered on time (Limpopo textbook saga) and most of our schools are underperforming. Topics that I will cover during my report are knowledge society, education for all, Present future national strategic objectives,Improving teacher competency strategies in ICT both national and international and finally the Pervasiveness of technology.
- #5 Knowledge society starts by first giving the definition to information and knowledge and what is a society and knowledge society. For example information are facts and comments and knowledge is the output of reconstruction of information by a Person, according to their history and context. Information society in which one views information as something that can be sold, exchanged and stored. Knowledge society should bring change, harmony and democracy in each society because it said that knowledge is power and that basically means people who are knowledgeable are able to make informed decisions pertaining to how they treat people and treat each other. We can use ICT to help us to build knowledge societies since it helps us to learn to know, because we are able to access knowledge through the different ICT tools for example the internet. ICT tools also helps us to learn live together and share knowledge through the different social media sites, this can brighten our horizon, shift our mindset and understand the different perspectives that different people from all over world hold about life, education and societal issues.
- #6 Teachers have to also develop key competencies to participate successful in the knowledge society for example they have to work with others so that can be able to create collective intelligences with their counterparts all over the world. They also have to develop skills on how to utilize information and technology tools to enhance their lessons.Learners also have a role to play in creating a knowledge society because they have to aspire to be long learners and the role of teachers in doing that is to make sure that we incorporate ICT in the early stage of learning of our learners because learning becomes interesting when we incorporate all the ICT tools for example when learners discuss a certain topics with their overseas counterparts.A number of issues may hinder schools and teachers in their efforts to fully benefit from these windows ofopportunity. They may not be able to afford the equipment, they may lack access to the Internet, or suitablematerials might not be available in their own language.
- #7 This is where I received information about education for all
- #8 Education for all goals according to my opinion in this type of society is nearly impossible but that is just me being a cynic. I know if we could get everybody working together and speaking in one voice we would achieve something because you find that civil society and government is are involved in a conflict for something so important as delivery of textbook. So basically we need to unite for the sake of our children and live our cheap politically outside since if we continue in this manner we will have uneducated youth with no hope for the future thus perpetuating poverty, crime and HIV and AIDS. Blaming the government for all the problems in the education sector might not take us nowhere we need to take into account all the things that have actually took place in our education for example the non-delivery of Limpopo textbook and the Eastern Cape overspending their budgets which saw a number of children having to study without having anything to eat because the daily meals they used to receive were no longer availableIn order to achieve education for all we also need to make that we have properly trained teachers for all grades.
- #10 One the South African government some succeeded in implementing it is non-fee paying schools and also learners receive free lunch at school, this is a good step in trying to make sure that education Is accessible to everyone even those who cannot afford to pay. South Africa is spending allot of money in education compared to some of the developing countries in the world but in some strange reason we are not yielding the expected result. So we really need political willingness from the government (like they did with HIV/AIDS) in order to prevent this ticking time bomb which could potential destroy the future of our youth. We need good ministers ,managers and directors of the department who have the country interest first before theirs and political organization.
- #13 Government views education as one of the ways I which South Africa can achieve long term development because education is pivotal in eliminating societal issues like poverty, crime and creating a just and equal society. In order to that they say they want to ensure that children are able to access high quality education, this basically entails that they need to create a range of early childhood development programmes because if you instil foundation at an early stage in their schooling life they will be able to comprehend other more abstract information as they progress in their school life.Early childhood development is crucial in ensuring that children reach their full potential and their mothers have to be given full support in ensuring that their children are healthy. Since childhood development is something that begin before the child even attend pre-school, stride should be taken to ensure that children grow up in stable and healthy environment .
- #14 Government views teachers as important factor in education because teachers are the ones who actually who put in place all these strategic ideas that are made by the government into more tactical or practical into teaching their day to day teaching. Teachers are actually the ones who take all the criticism if government policies are yielding the expected result. The irony is that when the pass rate increasing the minister will be the one busking all the glory. The government also want teachers who have concrete subject knowledge in order to ensure that learners receive high quality education. The also want to have high quality teachers of Maths and science.The government also acknowledge that there should ways in which the teaching profession is made more appealing to the general public for example there should be bursary schemes that are given to those who aspire to teach mathematics, literacy and science and also teachers remunerations should linked to their performance because those teachers who give 100 percent to their job and are actually able to receive high pass rate.
- #15 FET(further education and training) institutions should provide all those people who are not academic capable to access universities because they have obtained low pass in the national senior certificate since we all that everybody deserve to receive some sought of education to better their lives. Also most of these FET institutions offer causes that are crucial to South African success for example artisans and electricians both these skills are scarce. Another role of FET colleges is to ensure that those old people who were deprived of furthering their education get the opportunity to do so.FET institutions also have the obligations to educate all those learners who are struggling to cope with the curriculum but are much better in completing tactical competencies because people are all capable of learning from a book but some of us are with working with our hands.
- #17 The government also saw the universities as an integral part of the national strategic objective because university are responsible for the development of skills and knowledge reproductions. The government also placed some requirement on some of the things that universities are required to for example according to the national development plan universities are required to have 75 percent of their academic staff should hold PHDs in order to be able to produce excellent graduations, who will take charge of the South African economy and social development. According to the national development plan universities should strive to create conducive environment for everyone and should make stride to make sure that they admit as many “blacks’’ and females as possible in order to try and rectify the inequalities created by the previous injustices created by the apartheid government and the racial inequality that is affecting the country in a negative manner.
- #18 In the national development plan the government acknowledges that it has made a few achievement and has also faced few challenges there has been a increase in the number of learner enrolment in the early childhood development by 80.9 percent in 2007 compared to 22.5 percent in 1996. This basically means that more children were given opportunities to access education and thus increasing their chances of bettering the lives of those learners. The number of schools that never had water has decreased from 1996 about 9000 to 1700, this for me is a good step because water is the number one necessity to survive in life because water we need to drink and use for sanitation. Also in historically white schools 56 percent are black, meaning that now those barriers that were instituted by the apartheid are being reduced.
- #19 Even though many strides have been made to ensure that the standard of education in South Africa is at an accepted level but there are still a number of challenges facing the education system and some of those problem were inherited by the democratic government because most of the historically disadvantaged groups were exposed to low quality education and the government has not been able to reach some of those places in order to fix those problems and that has some serious effects on the government plans to eradicate those low quality schools which also provide low quality education.In the national development plan the government admitted that during a survey in 2007 South African learners in grade six performed below in mathematics compared to most of their African counter parts, this is worrying for a country like ours which is in in need of engineers and other scarce skills because in order for us to able to produce we need pupils who are competent in mathematics.As expected most of those learners who attend previously disadvantaged schools their literacy and numeracy skills is low compared to their counterparts in in previously white schools only.
- #21 The governmentwants to increase the literacy and numeracy rate of learners in grade six and nine to be more on an acceptable level also according to the national development plan the government to increase the number of learners who are able to access bachelors programs in universities to “ 300 000 by 2024 and they also want to increase the university entrants in mathematics and science to 450 000. By 2030 they want the number of people embarking on science and technology careers to be three times the current level.
- #23 The white paper on e-education spells out a few requirement that teachers have to have or be trained in order to fulfill the goals of ICT in the education sector in South Africa because the needs to have the “knowledge, value, attitude, skills and the necessary support from government because they are the ones who need to provide the resources that will be used by teachers to facilitate the ICT process. In order for teachers to fully facilitate ICT knowledge they need to be fully skilled in their subject area since they should be able to integrate ICT in their subject. Another skills that teachers need that the white paper in e-education of the national education department is that they should be explorers in order to figure out what could be done with ICT in order to ensure that it helps them achieve their learning outcomes.
- #25 During the past years there has been a significant introduction of ICT tools due to the technological advances in Asia, some European countries and American countries these also provide additional tools that teachers can utilizes to enhance their teaching practice and also can captivate the imagination of their learners.
- #26 According to the white paper on e-education ICT literacy refers to the “ability to use practical ICT skills in a particular context” ( and context is important in the implementation of ICT since every environment is different and we need to take account of few things such the learning area, accessible to all learners and the type of topic that the teacher is teaching.The word integration means that combining one object with another, so ICT integration means literally that combining ICT tools with the curriculum. It is also about the "appropriate selection, use, mix, fusion and integration of many sets ofcompetencies including, but not exclusively, those in pedagogy and technology"
- #28 The following principles are clearly articulated by the white in education, in implementing ICT educational goals should be primary meaning with whatever you do with ICT it should always be about achieving a certain learning outcome, because it would be useless for us as teachers to use ICT without wanting to achieving our educational goals and teacher training should be subject specific, teachers should be provided with competences that they can use in their learning area and utilize them successful.Teachers should also receive ongoing support in utilizing ICT since we all that technology changes almost “everyday” and that there should be people responsible in advising teachers about the new technology available in the market and how best to utilize them so that they can achieve their learning outcomes.
- #29 In order to successfully implement ICT teachers need to acquire skills on how they can integrate ICT tools with curriculum because such tools require some who has a strong content knowledge or subject knowledge and can also utilize all the different technological tools to enhance their lessons. The implementation process cannot be rigid, it has to take into account the individuality of each teacher and learners and the teacher should be responsible for his attainment of all the ICT skills. The should try to equip themselves with all the new trends and development expertise skills on the different ICT product available in the market.
- #30 “• Teacher development programmes should be flexible in access, modes of delivery andcontent in order to make learning possible in meaningful and equitable ways.• Teaching practice, including classroom organisation, will change if ICT is integrated effectivelyin teaching and learning.• Teacher development should be managed.• Programmes need not necessarily provide training in advance of requirements, but canconcentrate on giving essential training as the need arises.• Development programmes should not take teachers out of classrooms during normalschool hours, so flexible delivery modes for training will be required.• ICT development for teaching and learning does not happen in isolation, it also impacts on themanagement and administration of a school.• ICT development has an impact on whole-school development. This implies thatteachers at a school should develop a community of practice and support one another indeveloping ICT skills.• Teacher needs and interests should be the driving force for their professional growth.”
- #31 Since technology is a world wide phenomenon there has been suggestions made by the most international institution in how to utilize ICT and to develop teacher competency in utilizing ICT. In order to fully understand the effects of ICT in education policies we need to take into account the teacher competencies, learning material, teacher motivation and ICT equipment because these are key in fully achieving the success of integration of curriculum and ICT and what is common between the national and international framework on how implementing ICT is that we need to take into account the subject that is being taught because science and accounting will require different method of implementing. Teachers have to teach learners how themselves can generate knowledge using the ICT tools because in today society children are expected to be contributors to their learning and should participate fully in the lesson.
- #32 One of the teacher competency of ICT that is required is that teachers should encourage learners to become lifelong learners meaning that teachers should create environments were by the learners can explore the topics on their own and the teacher should act as facilitators of knowledge not only give instruction in order to ensure that learners fully understand the concepts at hand. The teacher themselves must also be life long learners too because maybe the knowledge they possess might not be relevant in today's society so they need to keep themselves informed of the new development in their subject area so that they can be able to share that knowledge with their learners.
- #34 Technology is spreading like wild and is a world phenomenon, meaning it affect every decision that we make in our daily life and thus has become a compulsory that we need to incorporate it into the daily lessons. We also need to be wary about wanting to implement technology into our schools curriculum because as it stand today South Africa is the most unequal country in the world meaning that most of our people live in poverty this also mean that they cannot the technological tools. Also our national government is unreliable meaning we cannot say we will depend on the them to provide us with those tools because some of cannot even deliver simple textbook so how do u expect the same government to provide laptops to thousands of teachers in the country?. I myself have been part of a generation that was deprived the use of technology by the education system because the high schools that I used to attend did not offer any computer lessons to us and for someone who went to better school that might a shocker, the only time I came across a computer in my life was in university. The school I went was not even a rural school but was located in a township so can imagine how those learners from rural Limpopo are doing.
- #35 Most of these countries who were able to implement technology successful are first world countries and their economies are bigger compared to ours and some of those technological tools are produced by companies from those countries meaning it is easy for them to implement technology into their learning because they already been exposed to those type of things unlike us. Another problem with wanting to implement technological tools in education of still developing countries is that sometimes there must be a trade off between one component and another, meaning that in order for us to purchase laptops and insert smarts board for our schools we must think of a couple things, for example most schools in our country are non-fee paying schools and learners receive daily meals from the school. This entails that our government schools are not generating any income which might hinder that process of wanting to add technological tools into our school system because those tools will want be continuously improved in order for them to work efficiently, this might be an expensive process for a government that has a huge backlog of mud schools in our rural areas to build.
- #36 Implementation of technological tools in our education system will require both a very systematic process and more money spent our education system. Having taken into account all the things I have written above teachers can make those integration of technology and the curriculum by utilizing the most accessible technological tool, mobile phone. Having been a learner myself and have recently been to number of practical's I know for fact that most learner do our some form a mobile phone and also most of them also use social media so the teacher can try and engage learners on those levels in order to facilitate learning for example the teacher can create a facebook account in which learners discuss the content that they learn in class and give feedback on each topic, this will allow the teacher to know which components of the work are learners struggling in, so that he can put strategies to help them.
- #37 In order for us to implement technology successful there must also be mindset shift from teachers because allot of old teachers have been accustomed to only utilizing the textbook to facilitate learning and so we must acknowledge that they are also good or expect in their particular subject area but training should be done so that those teachers can merge both their knowledge with the technological tools in order to create successful learning experience for their learners and them too.Also “talk is cheap” meaning that what ever idea that we come up with must be implemented because how many times have we seen good policies just standing there and not being implemented so we need political willingness from our government and should also provide resources.
- #38 In concluding we need make sure that we keep in touch with the rest of the world and like it or not we live in highly integrated world for example we compete with other countries in the global market, this means that we should make sure that we produce learners who are competent in utilizing technology and how do we do that? By first introducing some of those component in our classroom at a more basic level in order to ensure that we build a concrete foundation for them to achieve success in this highly technological society. If we do that we will have learners who will be able to compete on a global scale with other learners from different countries and who knows they might invent something that will be utilized by the whole world.
- #39 Also continuing from the above slides we need to make sure that we train our teachers in utilizing the different ICT tools and ensure each every learner has access to some sought of technological tool even if its only one because should strive to create a society that provides education for all, if we want to decrease the inequality rate in our country. The government should also come to the party by making sure that they provide the different resources that are needed by schools in order to ensure that there is smooth process of learning taking place in our schools.
- #40 Department Of Education. (2007). Guidelines for teacher training and professional development in ict. Pretoria: South Africa Government Printing Office.United Nations Educational Scientific And Cultural Organization. (2011). UNESCO ict competency framework for teachers. Paris: United Nations Educational Scientific And Cultural Organization.National Planning Commission. (2011). National development plan. Pretoria: South Africa Government Printing Offices.