2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ( EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES)
1. DEFINE SCIENCES AS THE STUDY OF SOCIETY.
2. DISTINGUISH SOCIAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
3. COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE VARIOUS SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES
AND THEIR FIELDS, MAIN AREAS OF INQUIRY, AND METHODS.
4. TRACE THE HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS AND SOCIAL CONTEXTS THAT LED
TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF EACH DISCIPLINE.
5. DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE SOCIAL
SCIENCES AND THE DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES
6. CONNECT THE DISCIPLINES WITH THEIR HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL
FOUNDATIONS.
3. LESSON 1- DEFINING SOCIAL SCIENCES AS THE STUDY OF
SOCIETY
SOCIAL SCIENCE:
THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF HUMAN SOCIETY AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS.
A MAJOR CATEGORY OF ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES, CONCERNED WITH SOCIETY AND THE
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITHIN A SOCIETY.
IN A BROADER SENSE, SOCIAL SCIENCES ARE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES THAT DEAL
WITH HUMAN SOCIETY, SOCIAL GROUPS, INDIVIDUALS IN THEIR RELATIONSHIPS
WITH OTHERS OR INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIETIES AND MATERIAL GOODS AS
EXPRESSION OF HUMAN COHABITATION.
• SOCIAL SCIENCES ARE MOST CONCERNED WITH THOSE BASIC ELEMENTS
OF CULTURE THAT DETERMINE THE GENERAL PATTERNS OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOR.
4. HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
THE HISTORY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES BEGINS IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
AFTER 1650.
THE SOCIAL SCIENCES DEVELOPED FROM THE SCIENCES (EXPERIMENTAL AND
APPLIED), OR THE SYSTEMATIC KNOWLEDGE-BASES OR PRESCRIPTIVE PRACTICES,
RELATING TO THE SOCIAL IMPROVEMENT OF A GROUP OF INTERACTING ENTITIES.
SOCIAL SCIENCE WAS INFLUENCED BY POSITIVISM. AUGUSTE COMTE USED THE
TERM "SCIENCE SOCIALE" TO DESCRIBE THE FIELD, TAKEN FROM THE IDEAS OF
CHARLES FOURIER; COMTE ALSO REFERRED TO THE FIELD AS SOCIAL PHYSICS.
THE TERM "SOCIAL SCIENCE" MAY REFER EITHER TO THE SPECIFIC SCIENCES OF
SOCIETY ESTABLISHED BY THINKERS SUCH AS COMTE, DURKHEIM, MARX, AND
WEBER, OR MORE GENERALLY TO ALL DISCIPLINES OUTSIDE OF "NOBLE SCIENCE"
AND ARTS
5. SOCIAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES:
HUMANITIES
NATURAL SCIENCES:
• IS A MAJOR BRANCH OF SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH THE
DESCRIPTION, PREDICTION, AND UNDERSTANDING OF NATURAL
PHENOMENA.
• A BRANCH OF SCIENCE THAT SEEKS TO ELUCIDATE THE RULES THAT GOVERN
THE NATURAL WORLD BY USING THE EMPIRICAL AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
(PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, EARTH SCIENCE)
• COMPRISES MANY DISCIPLINES THAT DEAL WITH THE STUDY OF PROCESSES
THAT OCCUR IN NATURE.
7. ANTHROPOLOGY
• IS THE STUDY OF ALL HUMAN ASPECTS OF
HUMAN LIFE AND CULTURE. IT EXAMINES SUCH
TOPICS AS HOW PEOPLE LIVE, WHAT THEY THINK,
WHAT THEY PRODUCE, AND HOW THEY INTERACT
WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT. ANTHROPOLOGISTS
GENERALLY SPECIALIZE IN ONE OF FOUR FIELDS:
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, LINGUISTIC
ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY.
8. A. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY (THE STUDY OF
CONTEMPORARY
HUMAN CULTURES)
B. PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (THE STUDY OF HUMAN
GENETICS,
EVOLUTION, AND PRIMATOLOGY)
C. ARCHAEOLOGY (THE STUDY OF PAST CULTURES)
D. LINGUISTICS (THE STUDY OF HUMAN
COMMUNICATION)
9. ECONOMICS
• IS A SCIENCE WHICH STUDY THE HUMAN
BEHAVIOR AS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENDS
AND SCARES, WHICH MEANS HAVE ALTERNATIVE
USES.
TWO BRANCHES OF ECONOMICS:
1. MICRO ECONOMICS
2. MACRO ECONOMICS
10. GEOGRAPHY
• IS THE SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH THE DISTRIBUTION AND
ARRANGEMENT OF ALL ELEMENTS OF THE EARTHS SURFACE.
GEOGRAPHY MAY BE DIVIDED INTO TWO FUNDAMENTAL
BRANCHES:
1. SYSTEMATIC GEOGRAPHY- CONCERNED WITH
INDIVIDUAL PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL ELEMENTS
OF THE EARTH.
2. REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY- CONCERNED WITH VARIOUS
AREAS OF THE EARTH, PARTICULARLY THE UNIQUE
COMBINATIONS OF PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES
11. HISTORY
• HE STUDY OF PAST EVENT. IT IS A SOCIAL
SCIENCE IN THE SENSE THAT IT IS A SYSTEMATIC
ATTEMPT TO LEARN ABOUT AND VERIFY PAST
EVENTS AND TO RELATE THEM TO ONE ANOTHER
AND TO THE PRESENT. THE SUBJECT MATTER OF
HISTORY IS EVERYTHING THAT HAS ALREADY
HAPPENED. THE STUDY OF HISTORY INVOLVES
IDENTIFYING, ARRANGING, AND PATTERNING.
12. POLITICAL SCIENCE
• IS THE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT, ITS STRUCTURE
AND THE ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH IT. IT IS A
BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE STATE IN ITS
VARIOUS MANIFESTATIONS; POLITICS REFERS TO
THE ACTUAL OPERATIONS OF A POLITICAL
SYSTEM
13. PSYCHOLOGY
• IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND THE MIND.
IT IS SOCIAL SCIENCE BECAUSE HUMANS ARE SOCIAL
CREATURES. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF THE
INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIOR AS IT INFLUENCES AND IS
INFLUENCED BY THE BEHAVIOR OF OTHERS.
14. SOCIOLOGY
• THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD ‘SOCIOLOGY ‘ IS FROM THE
LATIN WORD ‘SOCIUS’ AND THE GREEK ‘OLOGY’,
INDICATE ITS NATURE AS A HYBRID DISCIPLINE THAT
CAN NEVER ASPIRE TO THE STATUS OF A SOCIAL SCIENCE
OR A CURRENT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE. IT IS THE
SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP AMONG PEOPLE.
15. DEMOGRAPHY
•IS THE INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF
HUMAN POPULATIONS. IT DEALS WITH THE
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
POPULATION AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT
THROUGH TIME.
16. LINGUISTICS
• IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF LANGUAGE AND ITS
STRUCTURE.
• IT INVOLVES THE DESCRIPTION OF LANGUAGES, THE
INVESTIGATION OF THEIR ORIGIN, THE INQUIRY OF HOW
CHILDREN ACQUIRE LANGUAGE, AND HOW INDIVIDUALS
LEARN LANGUAGES OTHER THAN THEIR OWN.
• LINGUISTICS ALSO DEALS WITH THE RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN OR AMONG LANGUAGES AND WITH THE
MANNER LANGUAGES CHANGE OVER TIME.
17. ACTIVITY 1
CONTEXTUALIZING SOCIAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINES
• DIRECTION: IDENTIFY THE APPROPRIATE
DISCIPLINE APPLICABLE IN THE GIVEN SITUATION.
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
18. SITUATION APPROPRIATE SOCIAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE:
1. EVALUATION OF THE CAREER PATH WITH RESPECT TO THE QUALIFICATIONS OF THE
INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYEES IN YOUR COMPANY.
2. AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AMONG HOUSEWIVES IN A MIDDLE-INCOME
COMMUNITY.
3. A DESCRIPTION OF THE DIFFERENT CULTURAL PRACTICES OF THE IGOROTS.
4. AN ANALYSIS OF THE VOTING BEHAVIOR AMONG YOUNG ADULTS.
5. AN ANALYSIS ON THE CAUSES OF FRATERNITY WARS AND GANG VIOLENCE.
6. A POLICY RECOMMENDATION ON HOW TO RAISE THE INCIDENCE OF BIRTH IN COUNTRIES
THAT HAVE AN AGING POPULATION.
7. A STUDY ON WHAT CAUSES SEVERE DEPRESSION WHICH LEADS TO SUICIDE.
8. AN INJURY ON HOW COLONIAL OCCUPATION HAS CHANGED THE VALUES OF THE NATIVE
POPULATION.
9. AN INVESTIGATION OF AREAS OR LOCATIONS WHERE THE INCIDENCE OF EARTHQUAKES ARE
MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR.
10. AN INQUIRY ON THE CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AMONG ADOLESCENTS.
