INTRO TO COMPUTER SCIENCE A LESSON COMSCI

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING
COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Lesson 1: Computer and its types

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Computer science studies computers and
computing and their theoretical and practical
applications. Computer science applies the
principles of mathematics, engineering, and logic
to many functions, including algorithm
formulation, software and hardware development,
and artificial intelligence.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
WHAT IS COMPUTER?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in its own memory that
can accept data (input), process the data according to
specified rules, produce information (output), and store the
information for future use.
Data is an unprocessed collection of elements that might
contain text, numbers, photos, audio, and video.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information Technology is a general
term that describe any technology that
helps to produce, manipulate, store, and
disseminate information. A combination of
computer and communication devises.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
INPUT DATA PROCESSING OUTPUT DATA
STORE
INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE
 In computer science, data refers
to information that can be
stored in computers.
 Any information or data sent to
a computer for processing is
considered input.
 Any information processed by
and sent out from a computer
or other electronic device

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
IMPORTANCE AND USE OF COMPUTER?
• Business
• Education
• Medicine and Health
• Science
• Engineering
• Manufacturing
• Government

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
CHARACTERISTIC OF A COMPUTER?
• Speed
• Storage
• Accuracy
• Versatility
• Automation
• Reliability

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
TYPES OF COMPUTER
I. Data Management
II. Speed and Processing Power

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
TYPES OF COMPUTER
 Data Management
I. Analog Computer
II. Digital Computer
III. Hybrid Computer

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
ANALOG COMPUTERS
• An Analog Computer is a special type of
computer, that can store analog data in
continuous physical quantities like electrical
potential, fluid pressure, or mechanical motion,
and finally, it produces the result with the use of
measures.
• Analog data are data or information that is
continuous. These are data that are continually
changing and don’t have discrete values.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
• Digital computers are devices that can solve problems
by processing information in discrete form. It
operates on data including magnitudes, letters, and
symbols that are expressed in binary forms and are
also known as electronic computers.
• It can perform arithmetic and logical operations.
Some examples of digital computers include laptops,
desktops, and other electronic devices like
smartphones. Examples of digital computers are
Digital cameras, modern computers, digital watches,
scanners, etc.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
TYPES OF COMPUTER
 Speed and Processing Power
I. Personal Computer
II. Workstation Computer
III. Minicomputer
IV. Mainframe
V. Supercomputer

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
PERSONAL COMPUTER
• It is a single-user computer system equipped with a
powerful CPU.
• A personal computer, sometimes known as a PC, is a tiny
and relatively affordable computer that has been particularly
built for individual use.
• These devices are based on microprocessor technology,
manufacturers may fit a whole CPU on a single chip.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
WORKSTATION COMPUTER
• Workstations are computers that are specifically configured to meet
the most demanding technical computing requirements. To be
considered a workstation, systems must include key capabilities
related to performance, reliability, data integrity, scalability, and
expandability.
• It is also a single-user computer system, but it has a more powerful
microprocessor.
• A workstation is a computer that is used explicitly for engineering
applications like CAD/CAM. Workstations can also be used for
software development, desktop publishing, and developing other
types of applications.
• All these tasks require a moderate amount of computing power and
relatively high-quality graphics capabilities

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
MINICOMPUTER
• It is a computer system with several users. It can support at
the same moment, there are hundreds of users.
• It is a medium-sized multi-processing facility. system.
Minicomputers may accommodate up to 250 concurrent
users.
• These devices often contain two or more CPUs. It is rather
common for Institutes and departments will use
minicomputers.
• Accounting, inventory management, and billing are all
topics covered.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
MAINFRAME COMPUTER
• It is a computer system that may be shared by several people. It can
sustain hundreds of users at once. In terms of software technology,
it differs from minicomputers.
• A mainframe computer system is a large and expensive computer
system. A mainframe is often capable of handling hundreds of
thousands of concurrent users.
• These devices run numerous programs at the same time and permit
multiple concurrent executions of applications.
• Mainframe computers are typically employed in big businesses that
require the processing and management of enormous amounts of
data, such as the telecom and banking sectors.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
SUPERCOMPUTER
• It is an incredibly fast computer system that can execute
hundreds of millions of instructions every second.
Supercomputers are one of the fastest computers in the
world.
• These computers are costly and are only employed for
specialized applications that require many mathematical
calculations or number crunching.
• For example, supercomputers' tasks are animated graphics,
scientific simulations, weather forecasting, and geological
data analysis in industries like petrochemical prospecting,
fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and
electronic design.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
ACTIVITY
Task I. Venn Diagram
Direction: Answer the Venn diagram
below by identifying the similarities and
differences between Analog, Digital, and
Hybrid Computers

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
ACTIVITY
Task II: T Chart
Direction: Answer the question Is
computers a Boon or a Bane? Why or
Why Not? Supply your reasons in the T-
Chart below in complete sentences or
paragraphs.
T– Chart
Computer Technology a Boon or Bane?
Boon? Bane?

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
EVALUATION
Multiple Choice
Direction: Carefully read the following question and supply the correct answer. Write your
answer in the space provided before the number.
_________________ 1. It is a digital devise that invented to mainly to calculate mathematical data.
_________________ 2. It has both digital and Analog components.
_________________ 3. It is a type of computer that can process data up to hundred million per second.
_________________ 4. It is a type of computer that is used in baking system.
_________________ 5. It can accommodate up to 250 concurrent users. These devices
often contain two or more CPUs.
_________________ 6. It is a type of computer are typically employed in big businesses that require the
processing and management of enormous amounts of data
_________________ 7. A computer that is used explicitly for engineering applications like CAD/CAM.
_________________ 8. It is a single-user computer system equipped with a powerful CPU.
_________________ 9. It is an unprocessed collection of elements that might contain text, numbers,
photos, audio, and video.
_________________ 10. a special type of computer, can store analog data in the continuousphysical
quantities like electrical potential, fluid pressure, or mechanical motion and
finally, it produces the result with using of measures.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Lesson 2: Elements of the computer

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
Task 1
Direction: Identify 10 parts of the computer that you know and describe each write your answer on a
piece of paper. 10 mins.
Computer Parts Function/Use/Description

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
ELEMENTS OF THE
COMPUTER
I. Hardware
II. Software
III. People
IV. Data
V. Connectivity
VI. Procedure

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
Hardware are the physical equipment that
you can feel and touch. These are the tangible
materials attach to the computer. Hardware comes
in ability of shapes, size, price, and computing
power.
1. Input Devises
2. Output Devises
3. System Unit

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
1. Input Devises
- An input devise is a devise that is used to
communicate directly to the computer these are the
devises that used to encode commands in the
computer
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Joystick
- Scanner
- Microphone

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
KEYBOARD
Qwerty Numeric

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
KEYBOARD
Ergonomic Wireless

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
MOUSE
Digital Track Ball Touchpad

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
JOYSTICK
Digital Paddle Analog PC Analog Joypad

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
SCANNER
Flatbed Sheet Fed Slide Drum

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
2. Output Devises
- An Output devise is a device that show/
display the information
- Monitor
- Speaker
- Projector
- Printer

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
OUTPUT DEVISE
Monitor Projector Speaker Printer

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
3. System Unit
- is the part of the computer which responsible
for accepting and processing the data brought in by
the input devices.
- Mother Board - CPU - CD/DVD
- Hard Disk - Power Supply - Sound Card
- IDE - Memory - Video Card
- SATA - FDD

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
MOTHER BOARD
- A motherboard is the main
printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer.
The motherboard is a computer's central
communications backbone connectivity
point, through which all components and
external peripherals connect.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1 MOTHER BOARD

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)
- A hard drive or hard disk drive
(HDD) is a type of data storage device that
is used in laptops and desktop computers.
An HDD is a “non-volatile” storage drive,
- A solid state drive (SSD) is non-
volatile memory (NVM) computer
hardware that stores data without moving
parts.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
CPU (Central Processing Unt)
It is in charge of controlling the
transfer of data and instructions
among the various components of a
computer.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
POWER SUPPLY
A power supply is an electrical
device that offers electric power to an
electrical load such as laptop computer,
server, or other electronic devices. The main
function of a power supply is to convert
electric current from a source to the correct
voltage, current, and frequency to power
the load.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
MOTHERBOARD
NORTH BRIDGE
North Bridge is bridge that manages
communication between Central Processing Unit
(CPU) and parts of motherboard. After CPU, North
Bridge chip is essentially main component of
motherboard and is only motherboard circuit
besides CPU that normally runs at full processor bus
speed (Front side bus). System controller and
memory controller functions are mostly
implemented by North Bridge.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
MOTHERBOARD
SOUTH BRIDGE
The southbridge is an IC (integrated circuit)
on the motherboard responsible for the hard drive
controller, I/O controller and integrated hardware.
Integrated hardware can include the sound card and
video card if on the motherboard, USB (universal
serial bus), PCI, ISA (Industry Standard Architecture),
IDE (integrated drive electronics), BIOS (basic
input/output system), and Ethernet.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
MOTHERBOARD

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
MEMORY
Computer memory is the storage space in the
computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required
for processing are stored.
Internal memory, also called "main or primary memory" refers to
memory that stores small amounts of data that can be accessed
quickly while the computer is running.
External memory, also called "secondary memory" refers to a
storage device that can retain or store data persistently. They
could be embedded or removable storage devices. Examples
include hard disk or solid state drives, USB flash drives, and
compact discs.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
HARDWARE
MEMORY
Read-only memory, or ROM, is a form of data storage in computers and other electronic devices that
cannot be easily altered or reprogrammed. ROM is non-volatile and the contents are retained even after the
power is switched off.
Random-access memory, or RAM, is a form of data storage that can be accessed randomly at any time, in any
order, and from any physical location in contrast to other storage devices, such as hard drives, where the
physical location of the data determines the time taken to retrieve it. RAM is measured in megabytes and the
speed is measured in nanoseconds and RAM chips can read data faster than ROM.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
SOFTWARE
Software is a set of computer programs, procedures,
and associated documents describing the program and how
they are to be used.
A software package is a group of programs that solve
a specific problem or perform a specific task.
Categories:
- System Software
- Application Software

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
SOFTWARE
System Software
is a set of one or more programs designed to
control the operation and extend the processing
capability of a computer system.
- Operating System
- Programming Language Translator
- Communication Software
- Utility Software

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
SOFTWARE
Operating System
- it processes the effective and efficient
utilization of all hardware and software of a
computer system.
Programming Language Translator
- transform the instruction prepared by
programmers into a form that can be interpreted
and executed by a computer system.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
SOFTWARE
Communication Software
- it enables the transfer of data and
programs from one computer system to another
Utility Programs
- are set of programs that help users in
system maintenance tasks and in performing task

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
SOFTWARE
Application Software
- It is designed to perform specific tasks and
to solve a specific problem.
- Word Processing Software
- Spreadsheet software
- Database Software
- Graphics Software
- Education Software
- Entertainment Software

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
PEOPLEWARE
Refers to the person engaged in various processes of
computer operations, programming and systems analysis,
maintenance, and implementation.
CONNECTIVITY
How well hardware or software devices can
communicate with other devices.
a procedure is a set of coded instructions that tell a
computer how to run a program or calculation.
PROCEDURE

INTRO TO COMPUTER SCIENCE A LESSON COMSCI

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