The document discusses blockchain technology beyond confidential computing. It provides an agenda for a meeting on views from Oasis Labs, IBM, and Samsung. It provides background on blockchain, describing how it began in 2008 with Bitcoin and has since grown. It discusses challenges like Facebook's plans for digital currency Libra. It also describes how Hyperledger Fabric provides security including channels, encryption, and consensus algorithms. Finally, it discusses successful blockchain applications like Food Trust and TradeLens.

1. Blockchain beyond Confidential Compute.
Views from Oasis Labs, IBM and Samsung
Intro: the Blockchain revolution
Lennart Frantzell
IBM Developer Advocate
2019 10 16

2. Agenda
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6:00 Arrival, light dinner, mingle
6:15 Introduction to Blockchain and Confidential Compute
6:30 View from Oasis Labs
7:00 View from IBM
7:30 View from Samsung
8:00 Discussion, where do we go from here?

3. Some Background
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4. A new area in business computing started
during the global financial crisis in
October 2008 in October 2008
4
With Satoshi Nakamoto’s eight page paper: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic
Cash System
A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be
sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution.
Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted
third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the
double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network.
https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdfs.
https://

5. In the last ten years Blockchain has
begun to change the world
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Blockchain is not just a new technology, it is a
technological revolution
There are two facets to the Blockchain revolution:
• Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies
• Blockchain
Blockchain and Hyperledger Fabric or IBM Blockchain
Platform

6. On the threshold of something brand new
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Face
book
Libra
leads
to
https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/15/facebook-federal-reserve-digital-currency-047477
Lawmakers and Federal Reserve officials are so concerned about Facebook’s plans to launch a
new digital currency that they’re contemplating a novel response — having the central bank
create a competitor.
Momentum is building for an idea that was once considered outlandish — a U.S. government-
run virtual currency that would replace physical cash, a dramatic move that could
discourage major companies like Facebook from creating their own digital coins.

7. Cont…
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The details of a possible Fed-developed digital currency are
still vague.
But advocates and experts say such an instrument could
give consumers a new way to make payments without
having to rely on banks and without incurring fees when
they transfer money.
The digital currency would likely take some inspiration from
the technology that underpins other cryptocurrencies such as
Bitcoin.

8. Hyperledger Fabric’s Modularized Architecture
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9. Hyperledger Fabric’s Modularized Architecture
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Consensus
• Kafka(CFT
• Raft(CFT)
• PBFT

10. Business applications based on a shared,
replicated, permissioned ledger
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No trusted third party
No need for
reconciliation
between ledgers
Finality, a transaction is
immediately considered
finalized once it is
included in a block and
added to the blockchain.

11. The Hyperledger Fabric Ledger, Blockchain
and World State Database
11

12. The Hyperledger Fabric Ledger, Blockchain
and World State Database
12
Totally secure!

13. Blockchain application
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There is more to a Blockchain app than the chain itself
Off-chain

14. Successful Hyperledger Fabric
Applications: Food Trust
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15. Successful Hyperledger Fabric Applications: Food Trust
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16. Successful Blockchain apps: Food Trust
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17. Successful Blockchain apps: Tradelens
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18. Successful Blockchain apps: Blockchain Bean
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So how do we make our Blockchain
applications totally secure?

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21. Channels and encryption
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In Fabric v1.0 there is a concept of channels to privately share data with a subset of network members. Only members of the channel will store and have
access to the data.
It is possible to encrypt data on-chain such that chaincode is still able to see the data and apply logic on it (as opposed to an off-chain encryption where
the data being garbage is not usable on chain). The idea is to pass the encryption key as part of a transient input parameter (which is not transmitted to
ordering service and other channel node). So only the endorsers and any node that get to know the key can decrypt the data. In v1.1 to be released on Q1
2018, Fabric will support an encryption layer API to the access state (see FAB 830). There are 2 drawbacks of having encrypted data on chain:
Key maintenance and sharing is overhead
Risk of keys leakage + encryption breaking in the future
For privacy, rather than encryption, it might be better to chose a data segregation approach. That is what FAB 1151, also part of v1.1 (Experimental!)
proposes:
Each private data belongs to a collection defining the organizations which can access it
The hash of the private state is included in the public state
Endorser keep the private state calculated during the transaction simulation into a transient storage area and apply it at commit phase
Other allowed nodes can request the private state via gossip
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42340143/does-hyperledger-fabric-supports-encrypted-transaction

22. Bring up your first network
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23. Consensus Algorithms
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The process of keeping the ledger transactions synchronized across the network
— to ensure that ledgers update only when transactions are approved by the
appropriate participants, and that when ledgers do update, they update with the
same transactions in the same order — is called consensus
Solo place holder, only one node, not fault tolerant
Kafka The Kafka ordering service leverages a cluster of Kafka brokers and a
Zookeeper ensemble to provide for a crash fault tolerant (CFT) ordering
service
Raft. New as of v1.4.1, Raft is a crash fault tolerant (CFT) ordering service
based on an implementation of the Raft protocol.
PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) is a way for a distributed network to
reach the consensus set for the Blockchain even if some nodes are malicious

24. Security and Blockchain
24
• In general terms, a blockchain is an immutable transaction ledger,
maintained within a distributed network of peer nodes.
• These nodes each maintain a copy of the ledger by applying
transactions that have been validated by a consensus protocol, grouped
into blocks that include a hash that bind each block to the preceding
block.
• Peers leverage gossip to broadcast ledger and channel data in a
scalable fashion. Gossip messaging is continuous, and each peer on a
channel is constantly receiving current and consistent ledger data from
multiple peers.
• Digital identities through X.509 certificates
https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/release-1.4/whatis.html