Introduction to oral
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Oral biology deals with the structures and functions of the oral tissues, including diseases like caries and periodontal diseases. Key oral structures include the salivary glands, teeth, and periodontium. Teeth are composed of different tissues - enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp. There are two sets of teeth, the primary or deciduous dentition consisting of 20 baby teeth from ages 6 months to 2.5 years, and the permanent or secondary dentition of 32 teeth from ages 6 to 20 years during the mixed dentition stage.
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- 1. INTRODUCTION TO ORAL BIOLOGY Dr Umair Hassan Assistant Professor Oral Biology
- 2. • Oral biology deals with the origin, growth and development , structure and function of the oral tissues • Oral biology also includes diseases like caries and periodontal diseases. • Overlaps basic medical science and clinical dental science
- 3. Labial frenulum Uvula Lingual frenulum Palatine tonsil ORAL ANATOMY Labia
- 4. Salivary Glands Parotid glands drain through Stenson’s Duct (Parotid duct) Submandibular glands run under the mucosa on either side of the midline of the mouthn by the Whartons ducts (Submandibular ducts). Sublingual drain into the floor of the mouth by the Sublingual or Rivinus ducts.
- 5. Identifying the Structures and Tissues of a Tooth • Dentations: sets of teeth • Primary or deciduous dentition (baby teeth) • 20 teeth • Age 6month-2.5 years • Permanent or Secondary (succedaneous) dentition • 32 teeth • Age 6-20 yrs • Mixed Dentition both primary and permanent teeth present Age 6-12 yrs.
- 6. The Tooth MAIN SECTIONS OF A TOOTH • Crown: Visible part • Root: Below gingiva • Cervix: Neck • Apex: Tip of root
- 7. Main tooth tissues • Enamel: Covering of crown • Cementum: Covering of root • Dentin: Living hard tissue under enamel and cementum • Pulp: Soft tissue located in pulp canal & pulp chamber.
- 8. Periodontium • Structures that surround and support teeth 1. Alveolar process or ridge 2. Periodontal ligament 3. Gingiva or gums 4. Cementum
- 9. Identifying the Teeth • Incisors: Anterior teeth (used for cutting food) • Cuspids: Cuspids or eyeteeth (for tearing food) • Bicuspids: Premolars (NOT present in deciduous dentition) • Molars: Posterior teeth (largest and strongest)
- 10. Primary or Deciduous Teeth • First set of teeth – called “baby” teeth • 20 teeth • There are NO Bicuspids (premolars)
- 11. Permanent or Secondary Teeth • Second or permanent set of teeth • 32 teeth • NOTICE: Patient’s right and left. Also named based on maxillary or mandibular