interviews

1. INTERVIEWS AND
QUESTIONNAIRES

2. INTERVIEWS
• Allow us to
enter into the
other person’s
perspective
PERSON TO
PERSON OR
GROUP
INTERVIEW

3. Types of interviews
Highly
structured
Semi
structured
Unstructured

4. HIGHLY
STRUCTURED
• Also called Stantardized interviews
• Questions and their order are determined ahead of time.
• They are rigidly adhering to predetermined questions and may
not allow participants to show their perspectives and
understandings of the world

5. SEMI
STRUCTURED
• It is more open ended and less structured
• It is guided by a list of questions or issues.
• The exact words nor the order of questions is
determined ahead of time
• All the questions are more flexibly worded.
• Specific information is desired from all the respondents

6. UNSTRUCTURED
• Informal interviews
• There is no predetermined set of questions
• It is essentially exploratory
• It is used to learn enough information about a
situation to formulate more questions for subsequent
interviews

7. GOOD QUESTIONS
HYPOTHETICAL
DEVIL’S
ADVOCATE
IDEAL
POSITION
INTERPRETIVE

8. Type of Question Example
HYPOTHETICAL: Asks what the respondent
might do or what it might be like in a particular
situation, they usually start with “What if”or
“Suppose”
“Suppose it is my first day in this training program.
What would be like?”
DEVIL’S ADVOCATE: Challenges the respondent
to consider an opposing view. You want
respondents’ opinions and feelings
“Some people would say that employees who lose
their job did something to bring it about. What
would you say to them? ”
IDEAL POSITION: Asks the respondent to
describe an ideal situation. Elicit both information
and opinión.
“What do you think the ideal training program
would be like?”
INTERPRETIVE: Advances tentative
interpretation of what the respondent has been
saying and asks for a reaction
“Would you say that returning to school as an adult
is different from what you expected”

9. QUESTIONS TO AVOID
MULTIPLE
QUESTIONS
LEADING
QUESTIONS
YES-NO
QUESTIONS

10. Types of Questions Examples
MULTIPLE QUESTIONS: They are actually
a double question or a series of single
questions
How do you feel about instructurs and the
classes?
LEADING QUESTIONS: They reveal a bias
or an assumption that the researcher is making
What emotional problems have you had since
losing your job?
YES OR NO QUESTIONS: Any question
can be answered with a simple yes or no
Do you like the program?
Has returning to school been difficult?

11. RECORDING INTERVIEW DATA

12. TIPS
Use probes
Use of
pseudonyms
Be respectful,
nonjudgemental
Check time
and resources

14. QUESTIONNAIRES
• Questions are usually set out in very systematic
way.
• The questionnaire is answered by reading the
questions and ticking responses, or writing in short
answers

15. IN QUESTIONNAIRES RESEARCHES
CAN ASK…
Facts/personal
perceptions
Experiences/
anecdotes
Opinions/
preferences
Ideas

16. Questionnaires
Take longer to
prepare
They have to be
carefully written
They should be
piloted
They save time

17. PILOTING PROCESS
• When piloting, you should ask yourself:
1. Were the instructions clear and easy to follow?
2. Were the questions clear?
3. Were you able to answer all the questions?
4. Did you find any of the questions: Embarrasing? Irrelevant? Patronising?
Irritating?
5. How long did the questionnaire take to complete?

18. QUESTIONNAIRE PREPARATION
PURPOSE
HANDLING
THE DATA

19. DESIGN CLARITY
SIMPLICITY
• RELEVANCE
CLOSED AND OPEN
QUESTIONS

20. ACTIVITY
• Create a five questions interview and a five questions
questionnaire based on your research project

21. Final paper
• It has to include:
INTRODUCTION
Three main paragraphs in which you first state what your research project is
about; second, tell the reader what led you to conduct the Project; and third,
announce the contents of the document, specifying what will appear in each of
the chapters. However, if you consider necessary to write one or a couple of
additional paragraphs, do not hesitate to do it whenever relevant

22. CHAPTER 1
Statement of the problem
Research question(s)
General objetive
Specific objetives
CHAPTER 2
Literature review
Theoretical Framework
CHAPTER 3
Paradigm
Approach
Setting
Participants
Instruments (just mention them)

23. POSTER SESSIONS
(november 8, 10 and 11)
•Check the virtual room in order to know
specific information about these sessions