This document discusses the growing global market for battery storage technologies to support renewable energy integration and grid-connected applications. It notes that battery storage capacity is projected to reach 240 GW globally by 2030. The document then analyzes barriers to widespread adoption, including initial cost, performance validation, safety, and accessing multiple revenue streams. It profiles different battery chemistries and their suitability for various applications. Analysis shows that PLMTM advanced lead-acid batteries and Tesla batteries can deliver multiple services at the lowest cost over 10 years. The document promotes PLMTM as a safe, proven technology that offers competitive cost and flexible configurations to support widespread deployment of energy storage.

1. Advanced Low Cost and Long Life Energy Storage
for Integration of Renewables and Grid-Connected Applications
July, 2015
Intersolar, San Francisco
Ivan Menjak
Sr. Director, Bus. Development and Marketing
Energy Power Systems

2. Battery Storage: 240 GW Global Capacity by 2030*
Grid-connected energy storage market is set to “explode” to an annual installation
size of 6 GW in 2017 and over 40 GW by 2022
 Stationary Energy Storage will grow to $2.8 Billion annual market in 2020
 Batteries for Micro-hybrids will grow to a $6.1 Billion annual market in 2020
Global market for energy storage for will grow to 1,040 GWh by 2030 (>$400B)
Energy storage is the “Holy Grail” in addressing the intermittency problem of renewables
Battery storage solutions are a “game-changer”
 Texas utility Oncor will seek state regulatory approval for up to $5.2 Billion in distribution
grid-connected batteries, with deployment set to start in 2018 – 15GWh of batteries!
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3. Key Question: What Are Barriers to Widespread Adoption?
1. Initial Cost – Minimize financial risk, accelerate payback time, open up the market size
2. NPV of cost and benefits – $/kWh throughput, recycling value (or cost) at end of life
3. Validated Performance – Will they last 10 years? Bankability. Replacement costs. Future-proof.
4. Safety and Acceptance – Customers, Regulators, and Environmentalists; On-site permitting
5. Connect Multiple Value Streams – Improve ROI and drive faster adoption; more power, more life
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4. Factors Impacting Adoption - Analysis
Li-Ion
HP, high life
Mid-grade
HE, low life
Cost varies $350-
$750/kWh
Tesla disruption
Exotics
Flow, Zn, Fe, V,…
Promising low
cost in the future
Advanced Lead
$150/kWh now
Lets look at the
model more
deeply
Typically used for
grid-scale, but not
the key driver in
residential
Payback time
more important in
behind-the-meter
applications –
minimizes
financial risk
Cycle life plus
calendar life (can
Li-Ion last 10
years?)
Life at high rates
is also important
Advances in PbA
(PLM™) are
enabling
System design to
minimize
replacement cost
Level of comfort
(residential,
commercial, grid)
History and
precedence
Permitting (fire
departments)
Proven
electrochemistry
of advanced PbA
Need both high
and low rate
capability
Behind-the-meter
aggregation
Multiple cycling
modes (DOD,
rate)
Controls features
maximize value
Initial Cost NPV Life Safety Value Streams
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5. PLM™ Battery - Advances in Cycle Life of Low Cost Batteries
Gen 1 – available now
1,250 Cycles @100% DOD, 2C rate
2,000 Cycles @80% DOD, 2C rate
$150/kWh initial cost
Gen 2 – R&D
2000 Cycles @100% DOD, 2C rate
~3,000 Cycles @80% DOD, 2C rate
PLUS 30% higher initial energy at
the same cost to produce.
Higher Energy + Longer Life = 70%
More Energy throughput at the
same cost
Gen 1
Gen 2
70% More Energy
Throughput
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6. Key Question:
What is the lowest
cost battery
solution for my
application over
the life of the
system?
Complex Grid-tied Value Propositions
6

7. 6 Storage
“Profiles”
Provide direct comparisons
of various battery
chemistries and their ability
to provide multiple value
streams
Energy storage is an asset.
Maximize its value by using
it more.
POWER
CYCLE LIFE
ENERGY
Source:GridStorageConsulting
Battery-specific Analysis by Application Profile
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8.  A detailed analysis of the specific application is required to
determine the NPV life-cycle cost
6-factor Analysis Provides Insights on Battery Chemistry & ROI
 Iterative Cost Model
 Reduced capacity over life vs. a fixed energy
requirement results in a higher DOD use
 The higher DOD faster capacity reduction
 Iterations calculate incremental and
accumulated capacity loss with more accuracy
 The analysis introduces a “replacement event”
when the capacity is no longer meets
application need or at “end of life”
 This analysis includes:
 Cycle life
 Varying Depth of Discharge with
capacity loss
 C-Rate (power to energy ratio)
 Round Trip Efficiency
 Calendar Life
 Initial and replacement cost
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9. Profile 2 – Peak Shaving and Demand Charge Management
Analysis: Grid Storage Consulting - Data from various sources and subject to change
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10. Profile 3 – Renewable Ramping and Firming
Analysis: Grid Storage Consulting - Data from various sources and subject to change
10

11. Multi-Value Stream Comparisons
11
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
1 - Bulk power 2 - Peak Shaving 3 - Ramping 4 - Micro Grid
Net Present Cost in Cents per Delivered kWh
PLM Mid-cycle LiB High-cycle LiB Tesla
 Tesla’s disruptive pricing
easily beats competitive
Li-ion systems
 PLM™ Advanced Lead-
Acid retains value
advantage with long life
and low cost
 High rate capability
enables multiple value
streams
Analysis Takeaways

12. Advanced
Lead Acid
Low-Cycle
Li-Ion
Mid-Cycle
Li-Ion
High-Cycle
Li-Ion
Lithium
Titanate
NaS
Aqueous
Ion
Tesla
Powerpack
1
Bulk power, diurnal
storage, home solar,
2
Peak shaving, demand
charge management
3
Renewable Ramping
and Firming
4
Micro Grid Balancing
and Regulation
5
T&D Asset Deferral,
Capacity, Spin
6
UPS and Frequency
Response
Lowest Cost Group (within 20% NPV cost for application)
Profile
Advanced PbA and Tesla deliver multiple value streams at the lowest LCOE
Delivering on Multi-Value Stream Performance
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13.  Founded in 2011 by Townsend Ventures and Subhash Dhar
 $25M initial VC investment
 Headquartered in Troy, Michigan; 65 employees
 Gen 1 product samples available now
Awards:
 Emerging Company of the Year (2014 - Michigan Energy Innovation Council )
 50 Companies to Watch (2015 - Michigan Celebrates Small Business)
EPS is building a high-volume manufacturing operation in Michigan,
with a target of Q3 2016 for start of large-scale production.
900MWh/yr production capacity. Made in USA!
Production Plant
Pontiac, Michigan
About EPS - A Start-up With a Great Start
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14. POWER: Excellent cold-cranking and high-rate discharge; high
Dynamic Charge Acceptance (DCA) for fast-charge and hybrid
applications. Up to 1,200 W/kg pulse power is achievable
LIFE: PLM offers significantly better cycle life in deep-discharge
and partial state-of-charge (PSOC) operation
MULTIPLIED!: PLM offers major competitive advantages
 Based on proven, safe and reliable electro-chemistry
 Proprietary microstructure, morphology, electrode and battery
design reduces internal resistance, corrosion, sulfation and
stratification
 Abundantly available and fully recyclable low-cost materials
based on existing manufacturing processes
A new class of advanced low cost battery
with significantly improved power and cycle life
Planar Layered Matrix™ Technology
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15. Commercial and Utilitiy Scale Rack Configurations
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384V 24kWh Racks
For Behind-the-Meter
480V 29kWh Racks
For industrial and
ISO container storage
Lobby Installation example, 100kWh
20’ ISO
Scalable, Flexible, Low Cost
960V, 550kWh, 1+MW

16. So, what is the best energy storage solution?
The one that delivers the combination of:
 Low initial cost to minimize financial risk
 Best NPV for a given application
 Meets multiple value streams, power and energy over life
PLM™ Battery:
 Highly competitive in cost of energy delivered over 10-year evaluation
 Lower cost “future proofs” initial capital investment
 Flexible storage form factors and voltage configurations
 Ease of permitting accelerates wide spread deployment
 Global recycling infrastructure unmatched by any other chemistry
 Safe, proven, and reliable chemistry with 150 years of service
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17. Contact:
Ivan Menjak
248-703-6146
imenjak@energypowersystems.com
www.energypowersystems.com
Visit us at booth #8039
Analysis:
Bill Capp
Grid Storage Consulting
capp@gridstorageconsulting.com