The document discusses key concepts in interpersonal relationships and nursing including: 1) The discipline of nursing which focuses on human functioning and behavior in interaction with the environment during health and illness. 2) Nursing theory which can be descriptive, explanatory, predictive, or prescriptive and focuses on the person, environment, health, and nursing. 3) Patterns of knowing including empirical, personal, aesthetic, and ethical ways of understanding patients. 4) Communication theories including linear and circular models and how information is transmitted between individuals.

1. Interpersonal Relationships
chapters 1-3

2. Discipline of Nursing
Discipline- community of interest that is organized around
accumulated knowledge of an academic or professional group
Discipline of Nursing
• Principles and laws that govern the life processes, well-being,
and optimum functioning of human beings (sick or well)
• Patterning of human behavior in interaction with the
environment in critical life situations
• Processes by which positive changes in health status are
affected

3. Nursing Theory
• Descriptive
• Explanatory
• Predictive
• Prescriptive
• 4 characteristics
• Person, environment, health, nursing

4. Patterns of Knowing
• Empirical- based on observation or experience
alone
• Personal- connect with and acknowledge the
humanness of another
• Aesthetic- recognizing and appreciating the
unique qualities of individual patients
• Ethical- knowledge of what is right and wrong,
attention to standards and codes in making
moral choices

5. Communication Theories
• Communication- transmission of information;
language, gestures, and symbols used to convey
meaning, exchange ideas and feelings and share
significant life experiences
• 2 types- intrapersonal, interpersonal
• Intrapersonal- within the self in the form of inner
thoughts and beliefs and it influences behavior
• Interpersonal- with others, has a content and
relationship dimension…verbal (content) and
nonverbal (interpretation)

6. Linear Model
Sender Message Receiver
Circular Transactional Model
context
feedbackValidation

7. • American Nurses Association (ANA)- national
organization for registered nurses; publish the
standards of care and nursing performance
that help ensure safe ethical clinical practice
• Board of Nursing
• Nurse Practice Acts
• Scope of Practice

8. Classification of Laws in health care
• Statutory laws- legislated laws that are
drafted and enacted at the federal or state
levels
• Ex: medicare, Medicaid, nurse practice act
• Civil laws- developed through court decisions
• Ex: malpractice, negligence
• Criminal laws- intentional misconduct, serious
violation of professional standards of care
• Ex: practicing without a license

9. Advance Directives
• Advance directives- legal document executed by a
competent client or legal proxy specifically
identifying individual preferences for the level of care
at end of life, related to treatment, medications,
hydration, and nutrition
• Ex. Living will, medical power of attorney for health
care decisions, durable power of attorney, do-not-
resuscitate orders (DNR), durable mental health
power of attorney

10. Verbal Reporting
• SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment,
Recommendation)
• Situation-what is going on?...from patient
• Background-previous health issues or history
• Assessment-problem from nurse’s perspective
• Recommendation

11. Decision Making Models
• Utilitarian/ goal based- rightness and
wrongness of an action is always a function of
its consequences
• Deontologic/Duty based model- rightness of
an action is determined by other factors in
addition to its outcome
• Human rights-based model- each client has
basic rights

12. Bioethical Principles
• Autonomy- clients right to self-determination
• Beneficence/ nonmaleficence- a decision that
results in the greatest good or produces the
least harm to the client
• Justice- being fair and impartial

13. 10 Steps for Critical Thinking
• Clarify concepts
• Identify own values
• Integrate data and identify missing data
• Collect new data
• Identify problem
• Examine skeptically
• Apply criteria
• Look at alternatives
• Check for change in context
• Make final decision

14. Barriers for Critical Thinking
• Attitudes/ Habits
• Cognitive Dissonance
• Personal Values vs. Professional Values