This document discusses barriers and bridges in the therapeutic relationship, steps in the caring process, skills to facilitate empathy, a stereotyping exercise, and role relationship patterns. It provides information on lack of trust, anxiety, stereotyping, confidentiality violations and cultural differences as barriers. Respect, caring, empowerment, trust and empathy are identified as bridges. The caring process involves connecting with clients, appreciating their situations, responding to their needs, and empowering problem-solving. Facilitating empathy requires recognizing requests, attending behaviors, and empathetic responses. A stereotyping exercise is presented to engage in open discussion around stereotypes. Chapter 7 discusses role socialization and traditional roles for nurses as caregivers, teachers, advocates, managers and

1. Chapter 6: Bridges and Barriers in the
Therapeutic Relationship
Barriers
• Lack of…(bridges)
• Anxiety
• Stereotyping
• Space violation
• Confidentiality
violation
• Cultural and gender
differences
Bridges
• Respect
• Caring
• Empowerment
• Trust
• Empathy
• Mutuality
• Veracity

2. Steps in the
Caring Process
C.
A.
R.
E.
 CONNECT with the client
 APPRECIATE your client’s
situation
 RESPOND to what your client
needs
 EMPOWER the client to
problem-solve with you

3. 3 skills to facilitate empathy
 A) Recognition and classification of
requests
 Information, action, empathetic understanding
 B) Attending behaviors
 C) Empathetic responses

4. Stereotyping Exercise
 The nature of this exercise is to engage in an open discussion about the
use of stereotypes and therefore attention must be paid to the personal
experiences brought forth.
 SPECIAL ED STUDENTS
 AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES
 LESBIANS
 VIETNAM VETERANS
 HONOR ROLL STUDENTS
 ASIAN FEMALES
 GAY MALES
 GIRLS W/ GREEN HAIR & PIERCINGS
 HISPANICs
 ATHLETES/CHEERLEADERS

5. Stereotyping Exercise
 Debrief by asking the following:
 Were there any stereotypes posted about groups or
categories to which you belong?
 Where do they come from?
 Where do we hear them most often used?
 Were there any positive ones? Why should they also be
avoided?
 Is there any group that is free from stereotypes?
 Allow any individuals to share their experiences with being
stereotyped

6. CHAPTER 7: ROLE RELATIONSHIP PATTERNS
 Role- traditional pattern of behavior and self-
expression performed by or expected of an individual
within a given society
 Ascribed roles (birth)
 Acquired roles (life)
 Role Socialization

7. Nurses’ Role
 Caregiver
 Teacher
 Client advocate
 Manager
 Evaluator
 Researcher
 Consultant
 Case manager
 Nurse Practitioner
 Nurse-Midwives
 Nurse Specialists
 Nurse Anesthetist

8. Role Relationship
 ANA Bill of Rights for Registered Nurses-
protect the dignity and autonomy of nurses in the
workplace.
 Magnet Recognition Program