Concentric Annular Pack Screen System (CAPS) is the model way of handling sand control in hydrocarbon exploitation. This has been proven to outsmart the Gravel Packing and frac-packing technique as it is composed of three types of annular systems suitable for sand control, thereby preventing the blockage of pipes in drilling.

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HALLIBURTON
CAPS: A New Model Of Sand Control
PRESENTED BY
OMOKPARIOLA ELSHALOM CHIOMA
FROM
UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT

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CONTENTS
Value Moment
Brief History On Sand Control In The Industry
Sand Control Challenges In The Industry
Sand Control Methods
Overview Of CAPS
CAPS Design
CAPS Benefits
Advantages of CAPS
Lessons Learned
References

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SAFETY MOMENT
DID YOU KNOW
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT CAN’T
TAKE CARE OF YOU IF YOU HAVEN’T TAKEN
CARE OF IT.
When it comes to Personal Protective Equipment, safety precautions begin before
you put anything on. You need to do 1, 2, 3, before you put on PPE.
1) Identify 2) Maintain 3) Inspect
 Identify potential hazards you could encounter. That will help determine the kind
of protective gear you need.
 Maintain all PPE so it’s safe to use at any time.
 Inspect each piece of equipment before you put it on. Never assume it’s ready to
be used. Being sure is the best way to be safe.
At Halliburton, solving customer challenges is second only to keeping everyone
safe and healthy.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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OVERVIEW OF SAND PRODUCTION/CONTROL IN THE INDUSTRY
WHAT IS SAND PRODUCTION?
 Sand production (or sanding) is the production of the formation sand alongside with the formation fluids (gas, oil and water) due to
the unconsolidated nature of the formation. Produced sand has essentially no economic value. On the contrary, formation sand do
not only plug wells to reduce recovery rates, it also erode equipment and settle in surface vessels. As a result of this, sand
production is a major issue during oil and gas production from unconsolidated reservoirs. Its effect is a peculiar problem of the Niger
Delta oil province which describes then Niger Delta as complex and its geology.
 Sand production from oil and gas reservoirs occurs when the stress in the formation rock exceed the mechanical strength of the
rock. It can happen in both consolidated and clastic reservoir This leads to hazardous outcomes which includes:
1: Totally unconsolidated formations
2: Changing stresses in the near wellbore area
3: Casing or liner collapse; Subsidence caused by sand production produces axial and radial forces on the casing which can cause
bulging (if radially supported) and buckling (if not radially supported).
SAND CONTROL: This usually involves either slowing the sand production rate or using gravel packing or sand-consolidation
techniques. Sand production was seen as a sub-surface problem best kept downhole, so sand exclusion was routinely installed
wherever sand production problem was thought to exist. Sand control is vital to reliable production in many sandstone reservoirs
where sand can present a major obstacle to well production.

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Shear
stress
Effective
normal
stress
Stable Condition
PoreCollapse
Failure
Shear Failure Region
Tensile Failure
Cohesive
Failure
CompressionTension
Initial Conditions
Conditions under draw down and
production
SAND CONTROL CHALLENGES IN THE INDUSTRY
What are the Causes of Sand Production?

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MAP OF SAND CONTROL CHALLENGES IN THE INDUSTRY
Showing Sand control challenges in the Niger Delta Basin

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DIFFERENT SAND CONTROL METHODS
Several techniques are available for minimizing sand production
in wells. They include:
 Sand consolidation
 Stand alone slotted liner or screens
 CAPS(Concentric Annulus Pack Screen System)
 Gravel Pack
 Gravel Pack(Under CAPS)
 Fracturing
DIFFERENT SAND CONTROL METHODS

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HISTORY OF
CAPS
OVERVIEW OF CAPS
This is an advanced pumping, proprietary design software, and fluid
technology helps ensure successful sand control completions in
unconsolidated sands
With CAPS service, a perforated shrouds surrounds the screen and provides
multiple flow paths. The concentric shrouds with an engineered hole pattern
increases the chances of uniform Gravel pack treatment of complex intervals
and complete gravel packing by allowing annular bridges to be bypassed. The
shrouds protects the screen as it is been run down the hole and resist future
subsidence damage.

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STAND ALONE SLOTTED LINER OR SCREENS
CAPSSM Screen
System
 Improves Gravel pack reliability of
long or complex intervals.
 More uniform Gravel pack treatment
of multiple sand layers.
 Enables bypassing of annular
bridges, unstable hole sections or
washouts.
 Smooth external profile to facilitate
retrieval / Time saving make-up.
 Larger screen size in open hole.

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What is CAPS?
 Concentric Annual Pack Screen se
 a system composed with a perforated
shroud concentric to the sand screens
 creates a supplementary annular flow
path where the slurry is capable of
propagating downstream in case of a
bridge.
 Components:
 Perforated CAPS shroud around sand
screens
 Attached either by clutch assembly
(single trip) or dummy packer (dual trip)

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF CAPS
CAPS DESIGN
1.1: Components Needed:
 Wash pipe / Service Seal String
 Shrouds / Slotted Liner
 Screens
 Blanks
 Tie back / Dummy Packer Assembly
 Float Shoe Guide
 Versatrieve GP Packer Assembly

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CAPS DESIGN
1.2: How Does CAPS Work?
On the CAPS screen, a perforated shroud surrounds the
screen and provides multiple flow paths. The concentric
shroud with an engineered hole pattern increases the
chances of uniform Gravel Pack treatment of complex
intervals and complete gravel pack by allowing annular
bridges to be bypassed. Additionally, the shroud protects the
screens while running into the well and resists future
subsidence damage.
Flow splits between three annuli:
 Three annular flow channels are in constant communication.
 Pressure equalizes across the three annuli.
 If the open hole x shroud OD annulus(Annulus 1 as shown in pic)
bridges off, flows will be reapportioned.
 As soon as possible, flows will again reapportion beyond bridge
such that pressures equalize in the three annuli.
Washpipe
Perforated Basepipe
Rods
Wire Wrap
Perforated
Outer Shroud
Open Hole
Annulus 2
Annulus 3
Annulus 1

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CAPS DESIGN
Annulus 3
Annulus 2
Annulus 1
Washpipe
Screen
CAPS Shroud
Open Hole

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CAPS DESIGN
1.1 : DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Long Intervals ( up to 30 m)
Deviation Angle (up to 62 deg.)
 Sand Bed Homogeneity?
Shale Barriers?
Stress Contrast?
Logs of the pay zone?

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CAPS APPLICATION
WHERE IS CAPS APPLICABLE?
In HRWP/Extension Pac/Gravel Pac™ applications with:
 Formations with varying permeability
 Formations with distinct layer separations
 Deviated wellbores through zone of interest
 Zones separated by un-perforated casing
 Requirement for enhanced Gravel pack placement
reliability
 Need for complete annular pack

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BENEFITS OF CAPS
Benefits of using the Concentric Annular Pack System:
Suited for long perforation intervals
Low pressure increase on the event of bridging eliminating
the need to reduce rate during the job
Longer and heterogeneous intervals can be treated in only
one gravel-pack
Risk of reducing rate during the job resulting in limited fracture
height as obtained with other technologies is eliminated

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GRAVEL PACKINGCAPS
2.1: GRAVEL PACKING
There are two stage mechanical sand control techniques:
1:Gravel holds the formation sand in place
2:Screen holds the gravel in place
FACTS:
 It is the most common and successful sand control technique..

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ADVANTAGES OF GRAVEL PACKING
Generally unaffected by clay or silt content
High productivity - less damaging
Effective in long intervals
Easier to apply in zones with varying
permeability
No chemical degradation
Less expensive (singles) and low risk

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LESSON LEARNED
 I Learnt that caps is referred for horizontal well completion to
keep the underground water from entering into the reservoir.
I learnt the various components that’s makes up CAPS
Completion.
I learnt the harmful effect of sand production.
I was able to understand the three main annulus and their
advantages to resist future subsidence damage.
 Usefulness of Sand control application to enhance fast, safe
and easy production rate.

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REFERENCE
 CAPS completions design recommended to provide
additional safety and enhance placement due to the
anticipated
i) high deviation angle
ii) long continuous interval
 Case History: Angola - Total E& P ROSA 405….. SPE
112423.
REFERENCE

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