Internet services, protocols, applications, packets and frames
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This document discusses internet services, protocols, ports, packets, and frames. It provides examples of common application layer protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS. It describes how these protocols use transport protocols like TCP and UDP to send packets via ports, which are identified by numbers. Servers use static ports while clients use dynamic ports. Frames are used at the data link layer and become packets at the network layer as they are forwarded by routers using routing protocols. Finally, it compares the OSI model and TCP/IP model of network architecture.
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- An overview of the course content which will cover HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and related frameworks.
- Information on the evaluation process which will include exams and lab tests.
- A discussion of important concepts like the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web, how URLs work, common protocols like HTTP and HTTPS, and networking equipment.
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Internet services, protocols, applications, packets and frames
- 1. INTERNET SERVICES, PROTOCOLS, APPLICATIONS, PACKETS AND FRAMES CRAMAROSSA GIUSEPPE APRIL 2015
- 2. TOPICS • INTERNET SERVICES • PROTOCOLS • PORTS • PACKETS • FRAMES • ISO/OSI MODEL
- 3. COMMUNICATION IN INTERNET • INTERNET SERVICES OR APPLICATION • Mailing lists • E-commerce • File Transfer • WWW • Instant messagging • USE OF A WIDE VARIETY OF PROTOCOLS
- 4. PROTOCOLS • A SET OF PREDEFINED RULES AND SYMBOLS • ADVANTAGES • Two or more devices from different vendors can communicate each other • EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION PROTOCOLS • HTTP • FTP • POP3 • SMTP • DNS • SOME OF THEM HAVE A SECURE VERSION • THEY HAVE CLIENT AND SERVER APPLICATIONS • THEY USE ONE OR MORE PORTS
- 5. PORTS • NUMBER BETWEEN 0 AND 65535 • IDENTYFIES THE REQUESTED SERIVICE • THERE ARE 3 CATEGORY OF PORTS • Well-kwown ports 0 - 1023 • Registered ports • Dynamic Ports • EXAMPLES • HTTP: 80 • FTP: 20, 21 • POP3: 110 • SMTP: 25 • DNS: 53
- 6. SERVER APPLICATIONS • PROVIDES A RESPONSE TO A CLIENT REQUEST • IN A HOST THERE COULD BE ONE OR MORE SERVER APPLICATIONS • EXAMPLES • HTTP: Apache • FTP: Filezilla • POP3: Mercury Mail • SMTP: Mercury Mail • THEY USE STATIC PORTS
- 7. CLIENT APPLICATIONS • REQUEST A SERVICE TO A SERVER APPLICATION • IN A HOST THERE COULD BE ONE OR MORE CLIENT APPLICATIONS • EXAMPLES • HTTP: Web Browsers • FTP: Filezilla • POP3: Outlook Express • SMTP: Outlook Express • THEY USE DYNAMIC PORTS
- 8. TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS • APPLICATIONS USE TANSPORT PROTOCOLS IN ORDER TO SEND AND RECEIVE PACKETS • SOME OF THEM ARE • TCP • Connection oriented • Reliable • Three-way handshake • UDP • Connectionless • Unrealible • HANDLE TWO CONNECTION MODE • Unicast • Multicast
- 9. PACKETS AND FRAMES • LAYER 2 OF THE ISO-OSI MODEL HANDLES FRAME • THESE FRAMES ARE FORWARDED BY A SWITCH • BY LAYER 3 OF THE ISO-OSI MODEL, FRAMES BECOMES PACKET • THESE FRAMES ARE FORWARDED BY A ROUTER USING ROUTING PROTOCOLS • DEPEND ON THE TRANSPORT PROTOCOL USED
- 10. OSI MODEL AND TCP/IP • DEVELOPED BY INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ORGANIZATION • OSI MODEL • Is a theorical model • Modular • It is made up of 7 layers • Each layer can communicate with its upper and lower layer • Each module is independent • TCP/IP • It is the model used in networking • Modular • Four layers