This document provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT). It begins with introductory chapters that define IoT, describe its basic concepts and architecture. It then covers various applications of IoT across different domains like smart homes, cities, healthcare, retail, logistics and more. Later chapters discuss machine to machine communication technologies, network protocols, security issues and standards related to IoT. The document aims to provide information about IoT for computer science and related courses. It includes questions at the end of each chapter.

1. Internet of Things
( For B. Sc. Computer Science, and BCA Courses )
Dr.P.Rizwan Ahmed, Ph.D
HOD, Professor In-Charge - Shift- II
Department of Computer Applications &
Post Graduate Department of Information Technology
Mazharul Uloom College, Ambur – 635 802
Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
Margham Publications
No.24, Rameswaram Road, T- Nager,
Chennai- 600 017
Phone: 044 – 22501105,044-48574733
Web Site: www.margham.in
E-mail: www.margham.tn@gmail.com

2. Contents
Preface
Acknowledgment
Chapter -1 Introduction to Internet of Things
1.1 Introduction
1.2 History of IOT
1.3 How IoT Works?
1.4 The Structure of IoT
1.5 Definitions
1.6 What is IOT?
1.7 IOT Example
1.8 Basic Concept of IoT
1.9 IoT Architecture
1.10 Characteristics of IoT
1.11 Physical Design of IoT
1.11.1 Things in IoT
1.11.2 IoT Protocols
1.12 Logical Design of IoT
1.12.1 IoT functional Blocks
1.13 IoT Communication Model
1.14 IoT Enabling Technologies
1.14.1 Wireless Sensor Networks
1.14.2 Cloud Computing
1.14.3 Big Data Analytics
1.14.4 Communication protocols
1.14.5 Embedded Systems
Short Questions
Descriptive Questions
Chapter – 2 Domain Specific IoT-I
2.1 Home Automation
2.1.1 Smart Lighting
2.1.2Smart Appliances
2.1.3 Intrusion detection
2.1.4 Smoke/Gas detectors
2.2 Cities
2.3 Smart Parking

3. 2.4 Smart Roads
2.5 Structural Health Monitoring
2.6 Surveillance
2.7 Emergency Response
2.8 Environment
2.8.1 Whether Monitoring
Short Questions
Descriptive Questions
Chapter – 3 Domain Specific IoT-II
3.1 Air Pollution Monitoring
3.2 Noise pollution Monitoring
3.3 Forest Fire Detection
3.4 River Flood Detection
3.5 Energy
3.5.1 Smart Grids
3.5.2 Renewable Energy Systems
3.5.3 Prognostics
3.6 Retail
3.7 Inventory management
3.8 Smart Payments

4. 3.9 Smart Vending Machines
3.10 Logistic
3.10.1 Route Generation and Scheduling
3.10.2 Fleet Tracking
3.10.3 Shipment monitoring
Short Questions
Descriptive Questions
Chapter - 4 Domain Specific IoT-III
4.1 Remote Vehicle Diagnostics
4.2 Agriculture
4.2.1 Smart Irrigation
4.2.2 Green House Control
4.3 Industry
4.3.1 Machine Diagnosis & Prognosis
4.3.2 Indoor Air Quality Monitoring
4.4 Health & Lifestyle
4.4.1 Health and Fitness Monitoring
4.4.2 Wearable Electronics
Short Questions
Descriptive Questions
Chapter – 5 IoT and M2M
5.1 M2M
5.2 M2M System Architecture
5.3 Difference between IoT and M2M
5.4 SDN & NFV
5.4.1 NFV
5.5 IoT System Management with NETCONF-Yang
5.6 Need For IoT Systems Management
5.7 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
5.8 Network Operator Requirements
5.9 NETCONF
5.10 YANG
Short Questions
Descriptive Questions
Chapter - 6 M2M Area Network Physical Layer
6.1 IEEE 802.15.4 3
6.1.1 The IEEE 802 Committee Family of Protocols
6.2 The Physical Layer

5. 6.3 The Media-Access Control Layer
6.3.1 802.15.4 Reduced Function and Full Function Devices, Coordinators, and the PAN
Coordinator
6.3.2 Association
6.3.3 802.15.4 Addresses
6.3.3.1 EUI-64
6.3.3.2 16-Bit Short Addresses
6.3.4 802.15.4 Frame Format
6.3.5 Security
6.4 Uses of 802.15.4
Short Questions
Descriptive Questions
Chapter -7 IoT Security Overview
7.1 IoT Security Overview
7.2 IoT Protocols
7.3 Network and Transport Layer Challenges
7.4 IoT Gateways and Security
7.5 IoT Routing Attacks
7.6 Bootstrapping and Authentication
7.7 Authorization Mechanisms
7.7.1 Resource Owner
7.7.2 Resource Server (Service Provider, SP)
7.7.3 Client (Service Consumer, SC)
7.7.4 Authorization Server
7.8 Security Frameworks for IoT
7.9 Light Weight Cryptography
7.9.1Symmetric-Key LWC Algorithms
7.10 Asymmetric LWC Algorithms
7.11 Key Agreement, Distribution, and Bootstrapping
7.11.1 Security Bootstrapping
7.12 Privacy in IoT Networks
7.12.1 Secure Data Aggregation
7.12.2 Enigma
7.12.3 Zero Knowledge Protocols
Short Questions
Descriptive Questions
Chapter – 8 Dynamic Debugging and Time Delay
8.1 Internet of Things and Related Future Internet Technologies
8.1.1 Cloud Computing
8.1.2 IoT and Semantic Technologies
8.2 Networks and Communication
8.2.1 Networking Technology

6. 8.2.1.1Complexity of the networks of the future
8.2.1.2 Growth of wireless networks
8.2.1.3 Mobile networks
8.2.1.4 Expanding current networks to future networks
8.2.1.5 Overlay networks
8.2.1.6 Network self-organization
8.2.1.7 IPv6, IoT and Scalability
8.2.1.8 Green networking technology
8.3 Communication Technology
8.3.1 Unfolding the potential of communication technologies
8.3.2 Correctness of construction
8.3.3 An unified theoretical framework for communication
8.3.4 Energy-limited Internet of Things devices and their communication
8.3.5 Challenge the trend to complexity
8.3.6 Disruptive approaches
8.4 Processes
8.4.1 Adaptive and Event-Driven Processes
8.4.2 Processes Dealing with Unreliable Data
8.4.3 Processes dealing with unreliable resources
8.4.4 Highly Distributed Processes
8.5 Data Management
8.5.1 Data Collection and Analysis (DCA)
8.5.2 Big Data
8.5.3 Semantic Sensor Networks and Semantic Annotation of data
8.5.4 Virtual Sensors
8.6 Security, Privacy & Trust
8.6.1 Trust for IoT
8.6.2 Security for IoT
8.6.3 Privacy for IoT
8.7 Device Level Energy Issues
8.7.1 Low Power Communication
8.7.2 Energy Harvesting
8.7.3 Future Trends and Recommendations
8.8 IoT Related Standardization
8.8.1 The Role of Standardization Activities
8.8.2Current Situation
8.8.3 Areas for Additional Consideration
8.8.4 Interoperability in the Internet-of-Things
8.8.4.1 IoT Interoperability necessary framework
8.8.4.2 Technical IoT Interoperability
8.9 IoT Protocols Convergence
8.9.1 Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
8.9.2 Constrained Applications Protocol (CoAP)
8.9.3 Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
8.9.4 Java Message Service API (JMS)

7. 8.9.5 Data Distribution Service (DDS)
8.9.6 Representational State Transfer (REST)
8.9.7 Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
8.10 Discussion
Short Questions
Descriptive Questions
APPENDIX A: Model Question Papers