This document discusses the properties of liquid and water. It explains that liquids have more space between particles than solids, allowing particles to flow and change shape while maintaining a constant volume. The strongest intermolecular force in water is hydrogen bonding between molecules. Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher boiling points, viscosity, surface tension and heat of vaporization but lower vapor pressure. Properties like the polarity and hydrogen bonding of water molecules allow it to have unique properties like being an excellent solvent.
The Kinetic Molecular Model and Intermolecular Forces of Attraction in Matter is one of the important topic in Grade 12, General Chemistry 2 subject. In here, it includes topics that discusses theory of solids and liquids, the different intermolecular and intramolecular forces such as covalent and ionic bonds, dipole- dipole, hydrogen bonds, london dispersion,
General Chemistry 2_IMF and Properties of Liquids.pptxKristelJoySomera
This power point presentation focuses on the different intermolecular forces that binds molecules in order for solids to remain solids or liquid to remain liquids. This presentation also presents the different properties of liquid that can be explained through the concept of intermolecular forces. It also contains simple activities to test the understanding of the learners on the lesson.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Kinetic Molecular Model and Intermolecular Forces of Attraction in Matter is one of the important topic in Grade 12, General Chemistry 2 subject. In here, it includes topics that discusses theory of solids and liquids, the different intermolecular and intramolecular forces such as covalent and ionic bonds, dipole- dipole, hydrogen bonds, london dispersion,
General Chemistry 2_IMF and Properties of Liquids.pptxKristelJoySomera
This power point presentation focuses on the different intermolecular forces that binds molecules in order for solids to remain solids or liquid to remain liquids. This presentation also presents the different properties of liquid that can be explained through the concept of intermolecular forces. It also contains simple activities to test the understanding of the learners on the lesson.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. Learning Objectives
• 1. use the molecular structure of water to explain its properties,
• 2. explain the properties of water with its intermolecular forces;
and,
• 3. recognize the important application of the properties of water.
3. • The liquid state of matter is an intermediate phase
between solid and gas.
• Like the particles of a solid, particles in a liquid are
subject to intermolecular attraction; however, liquid
particles have more space between them, so they
are not fixed in position.
• The attraction between the particles in a liquid
keeps the volume of the liquid constant.
4. • The movement of the particles causes the liquid to
be variable in shape. Liquids will flow and fill the
lowest portion of a container, taking on the shape of
the container but not changing in volume.
• The limited amount of space between particles
means that liquids have only very limited
compressibility.
5. Review:
• The three major types of intermolecular
interactions are
dipole–dipole interactions,
London dispersion forces (these two are often
referred to collectively as van der Waals
forces), and
hydrogen bonds. Dipole–dipole interactions
arise from the electrostatic interactions of the
positive and negative ends of molecules with
permanent dipole moments; their strength is
6. Review:
• Dipole–dipole interactions arise from the
electrostatic interactions of the positive and
negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole
moments; their strength is proportional to the
magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3,
where r is the distance between dipoles.
7. Review:
• London dispersion forces are due to the formation
of instantaneous dipole moments in polar or
nonpolar molecules as a result of short-lived
fluctuations of electron charge distribution, which
in turn cause the temporary formation of an
induced dipole in adjacent molecules. their energy
falls off as 1/r6.
8. Review:
• In addition larger atoms tend to be more
polarizable than smaller ones because their outer
electrons are less tightly bound and are therefore
more easily perturbed.
• Hydrogen bonds are especially strong dipole–
dipole interactions between molecules that have
hydrogen bonded to a highly electronegative atom,
such as O, N, or F.
9. Review:
• The resulting partially positively charged H atom
on one molecule (the hydrogen bond donor) can
interact strongly with a lone pair of electrons of a
partially negatively charged O, N, or F atom on
adjacent molecules (the hydrogen bond acceptor).
• Because of strong O⋅⋅⋅H hydrogen bonding
between water molecules, water has an unusually
high boiling point, and ice has an open, cagelike
structure that is less dense than liquid water.
10. What is the strongest intermolecular force present for each of the following
molecules?
1. hydrogen (H2)______________________
2. carbon monoxide (CO) _____________
3. silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4)______________
4. nitrogen tribromide (NBr3) ______________
5. water (H2O)__________________
6. acetone (CH2O) ______________
7. methane (CH4) _______________
8. benzene (C6H6)_______________
9. ammonia (NH3) ________________
10.methanol (CH3OH) ________________
Exercises #1:
London dispersion forces
London dispersion forces
London dispersion forces
Dipole-dipole forces
Hydrogen bonding
Hydrogen bonding
Hydrogen bonding
Dipole-dipole forces
London dispersion forces
London dispersion forces
11. Effects of Intermolecular Forces
• Intermolecular forces control how well
molecules stick together.
• This affects many of the measurable
physical properties of substances
12. Melting and Boiling Points
• If molecules stick together more, they'll be tougher to
break apart.
• The stronger intermolecular forces → higher melting
and boiling points.
• The more electrons a molecule has, the greater the
intermolecular attractions.
• Also, a larger size increases the London dispersion forces.
The increased attraction of the molecules to each other
means that more energy is needed to separate them
from each other. Hence, the boiling point increases.
13. Melting and Boiling Points
• Boiling point is the temperature at which a material
changes from a liquid to a gas (boils) while the melting
point is the temperature at which a material changes
from a solid to a liquid (melts). Keep in mind that a
material's melting point is the same as its freezing point.
14. Viscosity
• Viscosity is a measure of how well substances flow.
• The Stronger intermolecular forces → higher viscosity.
• The viscosity of a liquid is its resistance to flow.
• Liquids that have strong intermolecular forces tend to
have high viscosities.
• Viscosity is another type of bulk property defined as a
liquid’s resistance to flow. When the intermolecular
forces of attraction are strong within a liquid, there is a
larger viscosity.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NYs3Y-IjGw
15. Surface Tension
• Surface tension is a measure of the toughness of the surface
of a liquid.
• The stronger intermolecular forces → higher surface
tension or the stronger the intermolecular interactions,
the greater the surface tension.
• Surface tension is the energy required to increase the
surface area of a liquid by a given amount.
• Surface tension is the energy, or work, required to increase
the surface area of a liquid due to intermolecular forces.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMzqiAuOSz0
16. Vapor Pressure
• This is a small amount of gas that is found above all
liquids.
• The stronger intermolecular forces → Lower vapour
pressure or the substances with strong intermolecular
forces will have lower vapor pressure, because fewer
molecules will have enough kinetic energy to escape at
a given temperature.
• Substances with high vapor pressures are said to be
volatile - that is, they easily evaporate.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffBusZO-TO0
17. Molar Heat of Vaporization
• The heat of fusion (heat required to melt a solid) and
heat of vaporization (heat required to vaporize a liquid)
are determined by the strength of the Intermolecular
Forces.
• Substances with high IMF will have higher melting and
boiling points.
• The molar heat of vaporization is an important part of
energy calculations since it tells you how much energy is
needed to boil each mole of substance on hand.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljdv-am0Sis
18. What happened if intermolecular attraction
increases?
• The vapor pressure (the pressure of the vapor that is in
equilibrium with its liquid) decreases.
• The boiling point (the temperature at which the vapor
pressure becomes equal to the pressure exerted on the
surface of the liquid) increases.
• Surface tension (the resistance of a liquid to spread out
and increase its surface area) increases.
• Viscosity (the resistance of a liquid to flow) increases.
19. Write the word TRUE for all numbers that describes correct ideas about buffer
solutions.
1. Melting and boiling points molecules stick together more, they'll be
tougher to break apart because the stronger intermolecular forces →
higher melting and boiling points.
2. The more electrons a molecule has, the greater the intermolecular
attractions. Also, a larger size increases the Dipole–dipole interactions.
3. Viscosity is a measure of how well substances flow.
4. The weaker intermolecular forces → higher viscosity.
5. Liquids that have strong intermolecular forces tend to have high viscosities.
Exercises #2:
20. 6. Surface tension is a measure of the toughness of the surface of a liquid.
7. The stronger intermolecular forces → higher surface tension or the stronger.
8. Vapour pressure this is a small amount of gas that is found above all liquids.
9. The stronger intermolecular forces → Lower vapour pressure or the
substances with strong intermolecular forces will have lower vapor
pressure, because fewer molecules will have enough kinetic energy to
escape at a given temperature.
10. Heat of vaporization or heat required to vaporize a liquid are determined by
the strength of the Intermolecular Forces.
Exercises #2:
22. •THE PROPERTIES OF WATER
•Water is an inorganic compound that is
colorless, odorless, tasteless, but it is
considered as the most important
compound in the body. In fact, 50% of
water or more is in the normal adult`s
body.
•The capability of dissolving more
substances than any other liquid made
water as “universal solvent”.
23. •THE MAIN PROPERTIES OF WATER
•Polarity
•Cohesion
•Adhesion
•surface tension
•high specific heat
24. •THE PROPERTIES OF WATER
•A water molecule is made
up of two hydrogen atoms
bonded to an oxygen atom.
Each end of a water
molecule has a slight
electric charge.
•A molecule that has
electrically charged areas is
called a polar molecule.
25. • This uneven distribution of charges
across a molecule making one end
positive (H) and the other negative (O)
is called polarity.
• The positive hydrogen ends of one
water molecule attract thenegative
oxygen ends of nearby water
molecules causing them to stick
together like weak magnets.
• This attraction causes water molecules
to form temporary bonds that break
easily. They are called hydrogen bonds.