Conventional natural gas is being exploited rapidly to achieve energy security and to satisfy the demand. However, due to the high demand for oil and gas it is becoming more difficult to find sufficient conventional reserves. To anticipate the predicted shortage of gas, we need to explore new, unconventional resources, such as shale gas. Shale gas is shale lithology that has high TOC, is brittle, and is located in the dry gas window zone. This study describes the early exploration of shale gas potential in one block in South Sumatra basin area.
In this study, the integration of geochemical data, rock physics and seismic inversion for characterizing and searching for shale gas potential will be described. The preliminary exploration stage of gas shale play covers sweet spot analysis using the Passey method to create a pseudo TOC in the target formation. Secondly, the overpressure area is mapped to avoid any potential pitfalls. Thirdly, seismic inversion is performed to map the distribution of shale based on the parameters Vp / Vs and map its TOC through conversion from Vp parameter.
As a result, log analysis shows one target zone of potential shale gas with TOC above 1% with a thickness of 100 feet. Integration of pore pressure data, shale distribution and TOC distribution of the target zone shows two potential areas in west, north-south trending, and in the east relatively of the well-X. Both locations can be recommended for the next pilot holes in order to acquire a complete set of new data and to be able to evaluate more intensively.
Advances in Rock Physics Modelling and Improved Estimation of CO2 Saturation, Giorgos Papageorgiou - Geophysical Modelling for CO2 Storage, Leeds, 3 November 2015
Avo ppt (Amplitude Variation with Offset)Haseeb Ahmed
AVO/AVA can physically explain presence of hydrocarbon in the reservoirs and the thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology and fluid content of the reservoir of the rock can be estimated.
Brief review on Direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI).
The presentation is a part from Seismic data interpretation course that i teach for undergraduates.
The sources are indicated in the references list.
Contact me via: hatem_refaat95@hotmail.com
Modern oil and gas field management is increasingly reliant on detailed and precise 3D reservoir characterisation, and timely areal monitoring. Borehole seismic techniques bridge the gap between remote surface-seismic observations and downhole reservoir evaluation: Borehole seismic data provide intrinsically higher-resolution, higher-fidelity images than surface-seismic data in the vicinity of the wellbore, and unique access to properties of seismic wavefields to enhance surface-seismic imaging. With the advent of new, operationally-efficient very large wireline receiver arrays; fiber-optic recording using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS); the crosswell seismic reflection technique, and advanced seismic imaging algorithms such as Reverse Time Migration, a new wave of borehole seismic technologies is revolutionizing 3D seismic reservoir characterization and on-demand reservoir surveillance. New borehole seismic technologies are providing deeper insights into static reservoir architecture and properties, and into dynamic reservoir performance for conventional water-flood production, EOR, and CO2 sequestration – in deepwater, unconventional, full-field, and low-footprint environments. This lecture will begin by illustrating the wide range of borehole seismic solutions for reservoir characterization and monitoring, using a diverse set of current- and recent case study examples – through which the audience will gain an understanding of the appropriate use of borehole seismic techniques for field development and management. The lecture will then focus on DAS, explaining how the technique works; its capability to deliver conventional borehole seismic solutions (with key advantages over geophones); then describing DAS’s dramatic impact on field monitoring applications and business-critical decisions. New and enhanced borehole seismic techniques – especially with DAS time-lapse monitoring – are ready to deliver critical reservoir management solutions for your fields.
Quantitative and qualitative seismic attributes interpretationmohamed Shihata
Seismic attribute is the only way that can enable interpreter to understand seismic data very well and generate new view for his model, but there are hundreds of seismic attributes and there are many classes that make interpreters afraid of using new thing so in this course explain both theoretical and application for each one and try to generate workflow to help interpretation for different geological environment.
In this course, we will gain an intuitive understanding of the kinds of seismic features that can be identified by 3-D seismic attributes, the sensitivity of seismic attributes to seismic acquisition and processing, and of how ‘independent’ seismic attributes can are coupled through geology. We will also discuss alternative workflows using seismic attributes for reservoir characterization as implemented by modern commercial software and practiced by interpretation service companies. Participants are invited to bring case studies from their workplace that demonstrates either the success or failure ofseismic attributes to stimulate class discussion.
Rock Typing: A Key Parameter in Reservoir SimulationNabi Mirzaee
This Article is a one-hour Lecture presented in SPE Western Australian Section on February 27, 2018.
The presentation is about significant role of Rock Typing in reservoir simulation. It is a concise version of a 2-day course entitled: Applied Rock Typing. The subject is concentrating on the application and landing points of rock typing in reservoir simulation. Rock Typing is discussed as an essential part of dynamic reservoir modeling; providing distinctions among different rock groups in contribution to fluid flow in the reservoir. Rock Types take the prime role in the static and dynamic definition of the reservoir, history matching process, well planning, and more. The presentation is enriched with practical examples from studies.
2 d and 3d land seismic data acquisition and seismic data processingAli Mahroug
The seismic method has three important/principal applications
a. Delineation of near-surface geology for engineering studies, and coal and mineral
exploration within a depth of up to 1km: the seismic method applied to the near –
surface studies is known as engineering seismology.
b. Hydrocarbon exploration and development within a depth of up to 10 km: seismic
method applied to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields is known
as exploration seismology.
c. Investigation of the earth’s crustal structure within a depth of up to 100 km: the
seismic method applies to the crustal and earthquake studies is known as
earthquake seismology.
Delineation of Hydrocarbon Bearing Reservoirs from Surface Seismic and Well L...IOSR Journals
Hydrocarbon reservoir has been delineated and their boundaries mapped using direct indicators from 3-D seismic and well log data from an oil field in Nembe creek, Niger Delta region. Well log signatures were employed to identify hydrocarbon bearing sands. Well to seismic correlation revealed that these reservoirs tied with direct hydrocarbon indicators on the seismic section. The results of the interpreted well logs revealed that the hydrocarbon interval in the area occurs between 6450ft to 6533ft for well A, 6449ft to 6537ft for well B and 6629ft to 6704ft for well C; which were delineated using the resistivity, water saturation and gamma ray logs. Cross plot analysis was carried out to validate the sensitivity of the rock attributes to reservoir saturation condition. Analysis of the extracted seismic attribute slices revealed HD5000 as hydrocarbon bearing reservoir.
Advances in Rock Physics Modelling and Improved Estimation of CO2 Saturation, Giorgos Papageorgiou - Geophysical Modelling for CO2 Storage, Leeds, 3 November 2015
Avo ppt (Amplitude Variation with Offset)Haseeb Ahmed
AVO/AVA can physically explain presence of hydrocarbon in the reservoirs and the thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology and fluid content of the reservoir of the rock can be estimated.
Brief review on Direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI).
The presentation is a part from Seismic data interpretation course that i teach for undergraduates.
The sources are indicated in the references list.
Contact me via: hatem_refaat95@hotmail.com
Modern oil and gas field management is increasingly reliant on detailed and precise 3D reservoir characterisation, and timely areal monitoring. Borehole seismic techniques bridge the gap between remote surface-seismic observations and downhole reservoir evaluation: Borehole seismic data provide intrinsically higher-resolution, higher-fidelity images than surface-seismic data in the vicinity of the wellbore, and unique access to properties of seismic wavefields to enhance surface-seismic imaging. With the advent of new, operationally-efficient very large wireline receiver arrays; fiber-optic recording using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS); the crosswell seismic reflection technique, and advanced seismic imaging algorithms such as Reverse Time Migration, a new wave of borehole seismic technologies is revolutionizing 3D seismic reservoir characterization and on-demand reservoir surveillance. New borehole seismic technologies are providing deeper insights into static reservoir architecture and properties, and into dynamic reservoir performance for conventional water-flood production, EOR, and CO2 sequestration – in deepwater, unconventional, full-field, and low-footprint environments. This lecture will begin by illustrating the wide range of borehole seismic solutions for reservoir characterization and monitoring, using a diverse set of current- and recent case study examples – through which the audience will gain an understanding of the appropriate use of borehole seismic techniques for field development and management. The lecture will then focus on DAS, explaining how the technique works; its capability to deliver conventional borehole seismic solutions (with key advantages over geophones); then describing DAS’s dramatic impact on field monitoring applications and business-critical decisions. New and enhanced borehole seismic techniques – especially with DAS time-lapse monitoring – are ready to deliver critical reservoir management solutions for your fields.
Quantitative and qualitative seismic attributes interpretationmohamed Shihata
Seismic attribute is the only way that can enable interpreter to understand seismic data very well and generate new view for his model, but there are hundreds of seismic attributes and there are many classes that make interpreters afraid of using new thing so in this course explain both theoretical and application for each one and try to generate workflow to help interpretation for different geological environment.
In this course, we will gain an intuitive understanding of the kinds of seismic features that can be identified by 3-D seismic attributes, the sensitivity of seismic attributes to seismic acquisition and processing, and of how ‘independent’ seismic attributes can are coupled through geology. We will also discuss alternative workflows using seismic attributes for reservoir characterization as implemented by modern commercial software and practiced by interpretation service companies. Participants are invited to bring case studies from their workplace that demonstrates either the success or failure ofseismic attributes to stimulate class discussion.
Rock Typing: A Key Parameter in Reservoir SimulationNabi Mirzaee
This Article is a one-hour Lecture presented in SPE Western Australian Section on February 27, 2018.
The presentation is about significant role of Rock Typing in reservoir simulation. It is a concise version of a 2-day course entitled: Applied Rock Typing. The subject is concentrating on the application and landing points of rock typing in reservoir simulation. Rock Typing is discussed as an essential part of dynamic reservoir modeling; providing distinctions among different rock groups in contribution to fluid flow in the reservoir. Rock Types take the prime role in the static and dynamic definition of the reservoir, history matching process, well planning, and more. The presentation is enriched with practical examples from studies.
2 d and 3d land seismic data acquisition and seismic data processingAli Mahroug
The seismic method has three important/principal applications
a. Delineation of near-surface geology for engineering studies, and coal and mineral
exploration within a depth of up to 1km: the seismic method applied to the near –
surface studies is known as engineering seismology.
b. Hydrocarbon exploration and development within a depth of up to 10 km: seismic
method applied to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields is known
as exploration seismology.
c. Investigation of the earth’s crustal structure within a depth of up to 100 km: the
seismic method applies to the crustal and earthquake studies is known as
earthquake seismology.
Delineation of Hydrocarbon Bearing Reservoirs from Surface Seismic and Well L...IOSR Journals
Hydrocarbon reservoir has been delineated and their boundaries mapped using direct indicators from 3-D seismic and well log data from an oil field in Nembe creek, Niger Delta region. Well log signatures were employed to identify hydrocarbon bearing sands. Well to seismic correlation revealed that these reservoirs tied with direct hydrocarbon indicators on the seismic section. The results of the interpreted well logs revealed that the hydrocarbon interval in the area occurs between 6450ft to 6533ft for well A, 6449ft to 6537ft for well B and 6629ft to 6704ft for well C; which were delineated using the resistivity, water saturation and gamma ray logs. Cross plot analysis was carried out to validate the sensitivity of the rock attributes to reservoir saturation condition. Analysis of the extracted seismic attribute slices revealed HD5000 as hydrocarbon bearing reservoir.
Shale Gas | SPE YP Egypt Educational WeekAhmed Omar
This presentation is a result of intensive search about unconventional shale gas resources. These slides was presented at SPE Egyptian section educational week.
Authors :
Karim Magdy, Suez University, karim_magdy5298@yahoo.com
Karim Mohamed Kamel, The British University in Egypt, kareem.kaml@gmail.com
Ahmed Omar Eissa, Suez University, ahmedomar92@yahoo.com
Ahmed Alhassany, Al-Azhar University, Al7assany@gmail.com
Yunus Ashour, Alazhar University Eng.yunusashour@Gmail.com
Mahmoud Elwan, Cairo University, elwan_92@hotmail.com
Mahmoud Abbas , Suez university mahmoudabbas15@gmail.com
Khaled Elnagar, Suez University
KhElnagar@outlook.com
Utilizing Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to Investigate the Temporal and Spat...Thomas Shahan
Peatlands are large terrestrial storages for carbon (C) and sources of greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Although many studies over the last two decades have focused on estimating carbon fluxes from peatlands (particularly in boreal systems), the temporal and spatial distribution of biogenic gases within the peat soil is still not well understood. Furthermore, most of these previous studies were conducted in high-latitude peatlands, while recent research suggests that gas production and emission rates from low-latitude peatlands in areas such as the Everglades may be larger than what was previously thought. The research presented here investigates the spatial and temporal variability of gas dynamics in low-latitude peatlands at the field scale (1-10m). This study was conducted in the landscape scale Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment (LILA), an 80 acre, hydrologically controlled model containing the four different environments found in the 1.7 million acre Everglades. Here we used a 2-D grid of GPR transects in conjunction with gas chambers monitored with time-lapse photography and surface deformation measurements to monitor gas accumulation and release over an approximate 100 m² area. This work has implications for better estimating carbon fluxes from peat soils in the Everglades, and highlights the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of gas dynamics.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering
Effects of shale volume distribution on the elastic properties of reserviors ...DR. RICHMOND IDEOZU
Shale volume (Vsh) estimation has been carried out on three selected reservoirs (Nan.1, Nan.2, and Nan.4) distributed across four wells (01, 03, 06, and 12) in Nantin Field, using petrophysical analysis and reservoir modeling techniques with a view to understanding the reservoir elastic properties. Materials utilized for this research work include: Well Log data (Gamma Ray Log, Resistivity Log, Sonic Log, Density Log, Neutron porosity log), and a 3-D Seismic volume were used for the study. Sand and shale were the prevalent lithologies in Nantin Field. Nan. 1 reservoir was thickest in Nantin well 12 (29.7ft), Nantin 2 reservoir was thickest in Nantin Well 12 (30.9ft) while Nantin 4 reservoir was thickest in Well 3 (72ft). Correlation well panel across the Field showed that Nantin 4 reservoir, was thicker than Nan 1 and Nan 2 Reservoir respectively. Normal and synthetic Faults were also mapped, the trapping system in the field includes anticlines in association with fault closures. The thicknesses and lateral extents of these reservoirs were delineated into three zones (1, 2, and 3) which were modeled appropriately. Petrophysical and some elasticity parameters such as Poisson ratio (PR), Acoustic Impedance (AI), and Reflectivity Coefficient (RC) were evaluated for the wells. The results from elasticity evaluation showed a high Poisson Ratio of 0.40 in Nantin 2 reservoir of Well 12 based on high shale volume distribution of 0.70 indicating high stress level and possible boundary to hydraulic fracture. The lowest Poisson Ratio was evaluated in Nantin reservoir of Well 1 with lowest shale volume of 0.18 which indicates weak zones and may not constrain a fracturing job. Results from Acoustic impedance showed a high AI value of 7994.3 in Nan 2 Reservoir compared to Nan.1 which has the least AI value of 7447.3 because of low shale volume. A higher Reflectivity Coefficient of 0.01 was recorded in Nan.2 reservoir indicating bright spot while a lower RC of -0.00023 was recorded in Nan.4 Reservoir indicating dim spot. Hydrocarbon volume estimate of the three reservoirs showed 163mmstb in Nan.1 reservoir, 169mmstb, in Nantin 2 reservoir and 115mmstb in Nan. 4 Reservoir. The reservoirs encountered were faulted and laterally extensive. Nantin 2 reservoir was more prolific with a STOIIP of 169 mmstb compared to Nan. 1 with a STOIP of 163 mmstb and Nantin.4 with a STOIP of 115 mmstb, because of its good petrophysical values, facies quality and low shale volume distributions.
Application of Low Frequency Passive Seismic Method for Hydrocarbon Detection...Andika Perbawa
Passive seismic survey is a geophysical method that utilizes a spectral frequency from seismicity data to identify subsurface reservoir fluids. Rock pores that contain hydrocarbon fluids show higher low-frequency amplitude between 2-4 Hz compared with those that contain water. This paper shows the feasibility study that has been done in S Field, South Sumatra Basin. Four wells were used to validate the result of the spectral data. This method is also considered as a prospect ranking tool in the vicinity of the S field.
Eighteen measurement points were collected and grouped into 6 clusters. Four clusters are located near S-1, S-2, S-3, and S-4 wells. One cluster is located on prospect K and the other one on prospect G. Standard signal processing flows were conducted such as band-pass filter, FFT, and moving average.
The result shows that the maximum amplitude low-frequency between 2-4 Hz of K and S-1 is less than 0.017. On the other hand, S-2, S-3, S-4 and G show a relatively high amplitude of more than 0.02 which indicates a greater possibility of hydrocarbon accumulation when compared with K and S-1. This result was confirmed by gas production in S-2 and oil production in S-3. S-4 has not been tested yet, but the refined well correlation it indicates that there is a limestone reservoir of about 60 feet above OWC. S-1 shows a low amplitude which indicates low potential. The completion log confirmed that the well did not penetrate the reservoir target. Prospect G which has a high amplitude of low-frequency anomaly is more interesting than prospect K.
To conclude, low-frequency passive seismic method was successful in distinguishing between water or no hydrocarbons. It is feasible to employ this methodology as a tool for hydrocarbon detection and also as a tool to help in prospect ranking.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Integration of Seismic Inversion, Pore Pressure Prediction, and TOC Prediction in Preliminary Study of Shale Gas Exploration
1. The Energy Company of Choice
Integration of Seismic Inversion, Pore
Pressure Prediction, and TOC Prediction in
Preliminary Study of Shale Gas Exploration
Andika Perbawa (1), Bayu Kusuma (1), Sonny Winardhi (2)
PIT HAGI 2012 - 216
(1) Medco E&P Indonesia
(2) Institute of Technology Bandung
2. Halaman 2Halaman 2
• Introduction
• Basic theory
• Data Availability and Method
• Result
• Conclusions and Recommendations
Outline
3. Halaman 3Halaman 3
Introduction
“Natural gas that cannot be produced at economic flow rates or in
economic volumes of natural gas unless the well is stimulated by a
large hydraulic fracture treatment, a horizontal wellbore, or by using
multilateral wellbores or some other technique to expose more of the
reservoir to the wellbore”
6. Halaman 6Halaman 6
Organic rich shale : TOC > 1.0%, HI > 100
Gas type : Free gas and absorb gas
Permeability : Low need fracture job
Maturation : Mature to over-mature zone window (> 1.3 %Ro)
Thickness : > 75 ft
Kerogen type : Type I and II generates more gas than type III.
Mineralogy : More quartz / less clay, brittle shale / more fracture.
Storage : Fractures and pores
Low recovery efficiency : 8-15%
Performance of production : Depend on natural fractures and artificial fracture
Characteristics
Introduction
7. Halaman 7
• Rock type, lithology, mineralogy and V-clay estimation
• Kerogen estimation and distribution
• Fracture orientation
• Maturation distribution
• Shale distribution
• TOC distribution
• Reservoir pressure distribution
• Brittleness and ductile distribution
• Porosity distribution
• Permeability distribution
• Depositional setting, direction and isopach of shale distribution
• Gas saturation and composition estimation
• Fluid sensitivity
• Volume calculation
Key Parameter in Shale Gas Exploration
Introduction
Materials covered
8. Halaman 8Halaman 8
Delineate potential shale gas play using available
data, then recommend a drilling location to acquire a
complete set of new data and to be able to evaluate
shale gas resources more intensively
Objectives
Introduction
9. Halaman 9Halaman 9
1. Geochemistry
• Total Organic Carbon: TOC
• Maturation : %Ro , Tmax, LOM
• Kerogen type : HI, S2/S3
Data needed to evaluate the potential of shale gas in exploration:
Data Availability
2. Petrophysics and Petrography
• Mineralogy: XRD, SEM
• Permeability
• Fracture evaluation
• Gas content and capacity (absorbed and free)
• Pressure
3. Well Data
• GR, spectral GR, Vp, Vs, Density, Neutron, Resistivity,
Image log, dip meter, PE, ect.
• Core Data
• VSP/checkshot
4. Seismic Data
• 3D pre-stack seismic data
*Red indicates data available for this study
10. Halaman 10Halaman 10
Workflow
Well Data
(GR, ILD, Sonic, RHOB,
NPHI)
Seismic Data
(PSTM Pre-Stack)
Geochemist Data
(Ro, TOC)
Sweetspot identification and
TOC prediction
Rock Physics
(S-Wave prediction)
Seismic Simultaneous
Inversion
Shale
Distribution
Probable Shale Gas
Potential Zone
Overpressure
Identification
Overpressure
Zone
TOC Distribution
18. Halaman 19Halaman 19
Validation
Method – Application (2)
TOC
Prediction
Method
Simultaneous
Seismic Inversion
Pore Pressure
Prediction
Good match
Good match
Velocity actual (ms)
Velocitypredicted(ms)
Apply to
Objective
well data
Method test in the other well that has Vs
Check relationship between prediction and actual data
21. Halaman 23
Method – Application (2)
Seismic section
Well X
TELISA MARKER 3
BASEMENT
26 m.a. LOWER TAF
23 m.a.
-base inversion window-
NESW
21 m.a. UPPER TAF
-top inversion window-
NE
SW
1000 ms
2000 ms
3000 ms
22. Halaman 24
Simultaneous Seismic Inversion Result: Vp
Method – Application (2)
TOC
Prediction
Method
Simultaneous
Seismic Inversion
Pore Pressure
Prediction
Well-X
1000 ms
2000 ms
3000 ms
27. Halaman 29
• Passey’s method shows a sweet spot interval in Upper Talang Akar Fm.
• The potential shale gas is about 100 feet thick and has more than 1% of TOC
in Upper Talang Akar Fm.
• The Lower Talang Akar Fm. has less potential shale gas.
• The shale distribution covers a whole objective area (Upper Talang Akar Fm.)
• There are several spotty areas that have a medium pressure regime in the
north, west and south-east relative to well- X. Drilling needs to be aware.
• The two interesting potential shale gas areas (TOC ≥ 1%) are located in the
west, trending north-south, and in the east relative to well-X.
• Both locations can be recommended for the next pilot holes in order to
acquire a complete set of new data and to be able to evaluate more
intensively
Conclusions
28. Halaman 30
• Use actual shear wave data to reduce uncertainty.
• Use TOC data from Core or SWC for accurate depth location.
• Drill a pilot hole in order to acquire a complete set of new data and to be able
to evaluate more intensively.
• Core Data
• SEM
• XRD
• Geochemist analysis (TOC, Ro, HI, Rock eval, etc.)
• Complete well log data (include shear wave data)
• VSP
• Conduct a 3D data with small bin and narrow inline/xline interval. Perform
anisotropic processing and analysis to determine young modulus and bulk
modulus cube for brittleness identification.
• Conduct coherence, variance, dip-azimuth attribute to determine fracture
orientation.
Recommendations
29. Halaman 31
• Argakoesoemah R.M.I., Raharja M., Winardhi S., Tarigan R., Maksum T.F., Aimar A., 2005, Telisa Shallow
Marine sandstone As An Emerging Exploration Target In Palembang High, South Sumatra
Basin, Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association, 30th Annual Convention, Jakarta.
• Bishop, Michele. G., 2001, South Sumatra Basin Province, Indonesia: The Lahat/Talang Akar-Cenozoic
Total Petroleum System. USGS 99-50-S. USA.
• Dutta, N.C., ed, 1987, Geopressure: Society of Exploration Geophysicists Reprint Series 7, 365 p.
• Eaton, Ben A., 1975. The Equation For Geopressure Prediction From Well Logs. SPE 50th Annual Fall
Meeting, Dallas, TX, September 28 – October 1, 1975. SPE paper # 5544, 11 pp.
• Fatti, J. L., P. J. Vail, G. C. Smith, P. J. Strauss, and P. R. Levitt, 1994. Detection of gas in sandstone
reservoirs using AVO analysis: A 3D seismik case history using the Geostack technique. Geophysics, 59,
1362–1376.
• Faust, L. Y., 1953, A velocity function including lithologic variation, Geophysics, 18, 271-288.
• Finnegan, J., 2011, Is Shale Gas a Game Changer in the Global Energy Supply Outlook?, American
Century Investment, In-Fly-72552 1107.
• Ginger, D., K. Fielding, 2005, The Petroleum Systems and Future Potential of the South Sumatra Basin.
IPA05-G-039.
• Holditch, S.A., 2007, Unconventional Gas. NPC Global Oil and Gas Study, Texas.
• Lee. M.W., 2005, A simple method of predicting S-wave velocity. Geophysics 71, 161-164.
• Passey. Q. R., 1990, A Practical Model For Organic Richness from Porosity and Resistivity Logs, AAPG
Bulletin V.74, No.12.
References
Editor's Notes
I’ve divided my presentation into 5 parts ;
Fossil fuel is finite energy. The common conventional oil and gas that we use every day are fossil fuels, which are located in the subsurface reservoir having good porosity and permeability. But, because of high demand and the limited amount of available conventional oil and gas, reserves are getting low. It is essential to find other resources as additional fossil fuel stock for the near future. One solution is to expand oil and gas exploration to include unconventional resources, such as shale gas, shale oil, basement fracture, heavy oil, tight gas and CBM.
Shale gas resource is located in the gas-rich shale zone. Horizontal drilling is common in shale gas exploration and exploitation because the shale has to be fractured in several stages due to low permeability.
This is the chart from American century investment
Shale gas play rapidly develop in USA since 1990 (Summer, 2008). In 2008, production of shale gas reach 5000 MMCFD (Navigant, 2008)