2. CONTENT
• CONCEPTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT
• FOREST RESOURCES
• FOUNDATION OF FOREST MANAGEMENT
3. Introduction
Forests provide many ecosystem services for society. These
range from wood and non-wood forest products to the essential
importance of forests for biodiversity, climate change mitigation,
recreation and cultural identity. Integrating the provision of
manifold forest ecosystem services in forest management, and
balancing between diverging societal demands, is of utmost
importance for forest policy in Philippines.
Dealing with potentially competing demands towards forests
and their management can be challenging. This is also true when
the idea is to integrate the provision of different forest ecosystem
services in forest management in the same spatial context instead
of separating forests designated specifically for distinct single major
purposes.
4. FOREST
An ecosystem dominated by
extensive tree cover, frequently
consisting of stands of trees that
are often characterized based on
species, age, and size class.
Forests are often categorized
based on their purpose — e.g.,
urban forest, industrial forest,
non-industrial private forest.
5. Forest Management
• (a) Proper care and control of
wooded land to maintain
health, vigor, product flow, and
other values (soil condition,
water quality, wildlife
preservation, and beauty) to
accomplish specific objectives.
• (b) The practical application of
scientific, economic, and social
principles to forest property.
6. INTEGRATED FOREST RESOURCE MANAGMENT
• Integrated forest management refers to
the management of forests for multiple
societal demands (wood production,
biodiversity conservation, recreation,
water and soil protection, etc.) in a limited
spatial context but at different spatial
scales, from the single tree to the
landscape level, rather than maximizing
individual objectives in separate forest
areas at a larger regional, or even country,
scale.
7. CONCEPTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT
• The application of business methods and technical forestry principles to
the operation of forest property (land and stand) and the resources
therein.
• It is a composite technology applied in forest production.
Tasks of Forest Management:
• To build up, put in order and keep in order a forest business.
• Whatever the goals for, it requires decisions based on both our
knowledge and human values.
8. Functions of Forest Management:
• Settlement of purpose and main policy to be
pursued
• Consequent planning and organization of
activities
• Conduct and control of operations
Importance of Forest Management:
-It is important in the formulation and analysis
of solutions to problems in forest production
that include:
1.Scarcity of forest resources
2. Unlimited human wants and needs
9. 3. Peculiarities of forest production
a. Long period of production
• Tree growth is slow and stand formation is long,
• Long waiting time between formation and harvest of
products
• Delayed returns from the initial investment
b. Dual nature of standing timber
• Provide tangible raw materials
• Provide tangible products
c. One way flexibility of production
• Capital is tied to maturing timber
• Market may change during the period of growth
d. Immobility of forest resources
• Timber is situated in remote places and in areas less
accessible
• Difficult to extract timber and other forest products
e. Biological nature of production
• Tree itself is a factory of wood products
• Tree is related to growth and/or increment.
10. • Sustainability – ensure the
availability of forest goods and
services over time.
• Productivity – increase production of
goods and services.
• Efficiency – optimistic in the use of
resources in producing goods and in
providing services.
• Social Equity – equitable distribution
of benefits to the society.
• Social Justice – promote the rights of
individual members of the society.
11. Basic Concepts in Forest Management:
1. Sustained-Yield Forest Management –the management of forest land and
resources for continuous production with the aimed of achieving at the
earliest practicable time and approximate balance between net growth and
harvest, either by annual or longer periods.
• It is the “total output produced on a given area that equalizes forest drain
and growth”.
• It is also defined as “the regular and continuous supply of the desired
products to the full capacity of the forest”.
• What are the Global Sustainable Goals/ Conferences on Sustainable
Development
12. • Three Elements in Sustained yield
Management:
1.a Substance – denotes the continuity
on harvests and quality of forest drain and
growth.
1.b Time – refers to the length of interval
at which there is continuous flow of
timber products.
1.c Area – relates to the extent of size of
the forest.
13. • Multiple-use Forest Management –
management of forest land and resources for the
production of an optimal mix of goods and
services.
• Sustainable Development – management of
natural resources to satisfy the needs of the
present generations without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
FOREST RESOURCES
• Forest Resources – as defined by socio-economic,
cultural and technological stage of the society
includes both physical forest products and
intangible forest services.
• Forest Products – denotes all goods and services,
either tangible or intangible, produced and taken
or extracted from the forest.
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14. • Two Basic Classes of Products:
A. Intangible Service Products
a. Protective and Regulative
Services – this services of the forest
depend on three main features
possessed by trees which together
create the environment of a forest:
• The physical form and bulk including
the network of their roots;
• The mode of living by absorbing water
from the soil and transpiring it into the
air.
• The character of the decaying litter
from leaves and branches shed on the
surface soil with which it is mingles.
15. • This means that the forest has offered greatly on environmental
protection and conservation such as minimizing soil erosion, reduces the
velocity of winds through unbroken canopy and regulate the water flow to
water courses.
b. Socio-cultural Services – forest provide many social benefits which
grow an importance with urbanization, improved transport, higher standing
of living and general pressure of the land.
• Employment – from the forests it is valuable not only by providing a
living but also in encouraging people to remain in or more to under
populated tracts and thereby improve the distribution of population and
wealth.
16. • Recreation- the type of recreation wanted by
the people varies on the purpose, availability,
convenience, panoramic view, facilities. These
are commonly observed in the forest where
environment is so conducive and quite.
• Scientific Study - forests provide
opportunities for biological study of natural
fauna and flora, of soils, and hydrology.
17. B. Tangible Products (Material Goods)
a. Major Forest Products
a.1 Primary Wood Products
• Logs, poles, piles and posts, mechanically derived products and
chemically derived products.
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23. a.2 Secondary Wood Products
• Pencils, matches, toothpicks, etc.
b.Minor Forest Products
• Mangrove products
• Palms and bamboos
• Bark and tree exudents
• Miscellaneous forest products
(medecines)
24. FOUNDATION OF FOREST MANAGEMENT
A. Forest Organization – is the physical and administrative structure and
subdivision of the forest.
• Subdivisions of the Forest:
1. Primary Unit (territorial unit)
a. Working Circle - primary unit of a forest land requiring a separate
management plan.
b. Blocks - subdivision based on topography.
c. Section - a portion of a block that has an area of 100 hectares.
d. Compartment - the basic or smallest unit of subdivision.
e.Coupe - annual cutting area (ACA).
25. 2. Secondary Unit (silvicultural unit)
a. Working group - subdivision of forest based on silvicultural
activities and plans.
b. Felling series - a delimited where cutting is done and where
reproduction are secured and protected. It is oftentimes called SET-UP.
B. Forest Structure – refers to physical attributes of a forest stand. Refers
to the distribution and age, diameter classes, crown classes in the stand.
