The document discusses various topics related to instructional design including: - The purpose of instructional design is to create efficient, effective and appealing instructional experiences. Teams consist of various roles. - The ADDIE model is a systematic instructional design process with five phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. - Backwards design involves starting with the desired end result and working backwards to determine what steps are needed to achieve that result. An example of backwards design in a military context is provided.

1. Instructional Design
J. J. Brown
6-29-14

2. The Purpose of Instructional Design
• Is to create "instructional experiences which
make the acquisition of knowledge and skill more
efficient, effective, and appealing.
• Instructional Design teams may consist of: a
project manager, an instructional designer, a
multimedia designer, an e-learning developer,
and a quality assurance person.
• They work together to make sure the course
material is going to provide the student with the
best possible educational experience

3. Addie Model
• The ADDIE Model is a systematic instructional design
model consisting of five phases (with examples of
questions that may be asked or items to be done at
each phase):
• Analysis - Who is the audience and their characteristics?
• Design - Apply visual design (graphic design)
• Development - Programmers work to develop and/or integrate technologies
• Implementation - facilitators' training should cover the course curriculum, learning
outcomes, method of delivery, and testing procedures
• Evaluation - providing opportunities for feedback

4. Backwards Design (getting to Z)
• We have a project we are planning with 26 steps (A – Z,
with Z being the finished project)
• We could start at A and make the plan for each step as
we go along; or
• We can backwards design, knowing what the finished
product will look like and working back through each
step (Z –A). This works especially well when there is a
specific time for completion of the project. You start at
the completion time and work backwards to the start.
This will be seen in the next slide.
• The following example is how a platoon would backwards
design what they have to do to get ready for a mission.

5. Military Example
A platoon is given a mission. They are to be ready at
14:20 (2:20 pm). What will it take to get ready? The
platoon leader uses reverse planning (backwards
design) to make sure they are ready at the right time.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/accp/ad0717/07170007.gif

6. Quality Matters Process
• The Quality Matters (QM) Program is a nationally
recognized, faculty-centered, peer review process
designed to certify the quality of online courses
and online components.
• https://www.qualitymatters.org/higher-education-program
• Quality Matters provides inter-institutional
quality assurance in online learning.
• Institutions vary in quality. The QM process is
one way for other institutions to know that a
reviewed program meets a standard of
educational quality.

7. Quality Matters Rubric
• The rubric used for assessing a program is
lengthy and can be found at:
https://www.qualitymatters.org//QMStandards2011-2013-4/download/QM%2520Standards%25202011-2013-4.pdf
• The rubric consists of 41 standards divided into 8 groups.
Examples from the rubric include:
2.1 The course learning objectives describe outcomes that are measureable
4.3 The instructional materials are current
6.1 The tools and media support the course learning objectives.

8. Basic Accessibility Principals
• An online presentation should be made so that those
that are hearing or sight impaired can get the
information presented.
• For those being sight impaired that means the
presentation should have an audio component.
• For those being hearing impaired that means the
presentation should have a captioning component.

9. Online Rubrics
• A rubric is a means of communicating
expectations for an assignment or course.
• It provides a numeric or letter grade for each
item being evaluated and for the course as a
whole

10. Online Assessment
• Assessment should have the overall
expectations of student learning in a course.
• These expectations may involve an end of
course examination
• Example: At the end of this course the student
will be able to….

11. Open Educational Resources (OER)
• Are teaching, learning, and research resources that
reside in the public domain or have been released
under an intellectual property license that permits
their free use and re-purposing by others.
http://www.hewlett.org/programs/education/open-educational-resources
• In the brick and mortar schools teachers rely on each
to come up as resources for coming up with better
ways to teach their students.
• OER are an extension of that practice in the public
realm.

12. References
• http://www.learning-theories.com/addie-model.html
• http://www.instructionaldesign.org/models/addie.html