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- 1. INSTITUTION RESEARCH COLUMBIA PICTURES It’s a very famous American production company and distribution studio. Columbia pictures is also a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, which is basically a division of Entertainment. It is also subsidiary of the multinational conglomerate Sony. Columbia Pictures was founded as the Cohn-Brandt-Cohn (CBC) Film Sales Corporation on June 19, 1918, by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Joe Brandtand .it had released its first film in August 1922. And had adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924 .which went public two years later. Eventually it began to use the image of Columbia, the female personification of the United States, as its logo. The first print logo used by Columbia Pictures, featuring its Columbia personification At first Columbia was a minor player in Hollywood, but it started to grow in the late 1920s. Rita Hayworth became the studio's premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. The studio's early productions were low-budget short subjects like the "Hall Room Boys’ and the Chaplin imitator. Start-up CBC leased space in a Poverty Row studio on Hollywood's famously low-rent Gower Street. The studio's small-time reputation led to some joke that "CBC" stood for "Corned Beef and Cabbage" In order to improve its image, the Cohn brothers renamed the company Columbia Pictures Corporation in 1924. Cohn remained head of production .He had run Columbia for 34 years. Columbia's consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, cartoons and etc. Columbia gradually moved into the production of higher- budget films, eventually joining the second tier of Hollywood studios Columbia was a horizontally integrated company. It controlled production and distribution; it did not own any theaters. Columbia introduced animation into its studio in 1929, distributing Walt Disney's famous Mickey Mouse cartoons as well as the Silly Symphonies cartoons until 1932. Also in 1929, Columbia took over distribution of the Krazy Kat series from Paramount Pictures .Columbia agreed to release animated shorts from United Productions of America; these new shorts won many critical praise and industry awards.
- 2. The logo that Columbia used starting in 1936 and ending in 1976. Since Columbia did had any theaters of its own, it was now on equal terms with the largest studios, later was on the list of the "Big Five" studios. Screen gem is also an American production and distribution company .On 8th November 1948, Columbia adopted the Screen Gems name for its television production subsidiary. Katzman has extremely contributed to Columbia's success by making of dozens of topical films; including crime dramas, science-fiction stories, and rock-'n'-roll musicals. Columbia kept making serials and two-reel comedies .Columbia's position improved in the 1950s. This was largely because it did not suffer from the enormous loss of income that other major studios has suffered because of the loss of their theaters. Columbia continued to make 40-plus pictures every year offering productions of films that kept people coming to theaters like the adaptation of from here to eternity a novel by James jones. Columbia president Harry Cohn died in 1958. And Ralph Cohn died in 1959,. The new administration was headed by Abe Schneider, who had joined the company as an office boy out of high school then became a director in 1929. Emerging through the financial side of the business. By 1966, the studio was suffering from box-office failures, and takeover rumors started to spread .Columbia was surviving only on the profits made from Screen Gems. On 23rd December 1968, Screen Gems joined Columbia Pictures Corporation and became a part of the newly formed Columbia Pictures Industries. In 1970s it was almost bankrupt. In 1971, Columbia Pictures had established sheet music Columbia Pictures Publications. 1972, Columbia and Warner Bros. formed a partnership known as Burbank Studios. In 1973, Allen & Co took a financial stake in Columbia Pictures Industries. 1974, Columbia retired the Screen Gems name from television, and renaming its television division Columbia Pictures Television. Coke spun off its entertainment holdings on 21st December, 1987 and sold it to Tri-Star Pictures for $3.1 billion and Columbia Pictures Industries, it was renamed as Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. (CPE), with Coke owning 80% of the company. The Columbia Pictures Empire was sold on 28th September 1989, to Sony for the amount of $3.4 billion. And Sony then hired two producers. In 1990, Sony ended up paying hundreds of millions of dollars, and bought from Time Warner the former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio hence ending the the Burbank Studios partnership. In 1997, Columbia Pictures was ranked as the highest-grossing movie studio in the United States with a gross of $1.256 billion. In 1998, Columbia and TriStar merged to form the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group. The Columbia Pictures logo, featuring a woman carrying a torch and wearing a drape has gone through five major changes. It has mostly been compared to the Statue of Liberty, which was actually an inspiration to the Columbia Pictures logo. The parent of Columbia pictures is known as Sony pictures entertainment.
- 3. COLUMBIA PICTURES MOVIES Comedy /Drama/romance genre Julie & Julia is a American 2009 comedy-drama film written and directed by Nora Ephron and the production company was Columbia pictures.
- 4. Action/thriller genre The Tourist is a 2010 American romantic thriller film written and directed by Donnersmarck. Adventure /sci-fi genre Total Recall is a 2012 action/thriller film directed by Len Wiseman. Biography, Drama, Family Genre
- 5. Miracles from Heaven is a 2016 American Christian drama film directed by Patricia Riggen and written by Randy Brown.