3. MARILYN MONROE
Marilyn Monroe (Los Angeles,
California, USA, June 1, 1926 -
Ibid, 5 August 1962), born
Norma Jeane Mortenson and
baptized as Norma Jeane Baker,
was a model and actress of
American film. Over time,
became one of the most famous
Hollywood actresses and one of
the leading sex symbols of all
time.
He began his career as a
photographic model since 1946
and began playing bit parts in
low budget films. The first
played prominent roles in the
film The Asphalt Jungle (1950)
and All About Eve (1950).
4. CHARLES CHAPLIN
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (London,
England, UK, April 16, 1889 - Corsier-sur-
Vevey, Switzerland, December 25, 1977)
was an actor, director, writer, producer
and Oscar-winning British composer in
Hollywood.With nearly 90 silent films
and sound, has grown into the most
representative figure of the silent
movies, which gave him worldwide fame
and consideration of one of the great
geniuses of cinema history. The
character around which built much of
his film career, and that gave fame was
that of a man wandering with refined
manners and dignity of a gentleman
dressed in a close jacket, trousers and
shoes larger its size, a bowler hat, a cane
and a distinctive moustache.
5. THE FIRST MACHINE
OF THE CINEMA
The camera obscura is an optical instrument for obtaining a flat
projection of an image outside the area within his area. Was one of
the ancient device that led to the development of photography. The
current photographic apparatus inherited from the old word
camera pinhole cameras.
Schematic of a pinhole camera XVIII. Originalment century, was in
a locked room whose only light source was a small hole in one wall
through which light rays entering reflecting objects outside one of
its walls. The hole acts as a converging lens and projected on the
wall opposite the exterior image both vertically and horizontally
inverted.
It was formerly used as an aid to drawing. The image projected onto
paper or another medium that could provide guidance to draw on
it. Later, when photosensitive materials were discovered, the
camera obscura became pinhole camera (which uses a single hole as
target). These cameras were severely constrained by the
commitment necessary to establish the diameter of the opening,
small enough so that the image had an acceptable definition, large
enough for the exposure time not too long. The use of lenses or
objective games such as the camera obscura became final on camera
and since then evolved at different times.
7. FIRST FILM
Films really blossomed in the 1920s, expanding upon the
foundations of film from earlier years. Most US film
production at the start of the decade occurred in or near
Hollywood on the West Coast, although some films were still
being made in New Jersey and in Astoria on Long Island
(Paramount). By the mid-20s, movies were big business (with
a capital investment totaling over $2 billion) with some
theatres offering double features. By the end of the decade,
there were 20 Hollywood studios, and the demand for films
was greater than ever. Most people are unaware that the
greatest output of feature films in the US occurred in the
1920s and 1930s (averaging about 800 film releases in a year) -
nowadays, it is remarkable when production exceeds 500
films in a year.
Throughout most of the decade, silent films were the
predominant product of the film industry, having evolved
from vaudevillian roots. But the films were becoming bigger
(or longer), costlier, and more polished. They were being
manufactured, assembly-line style, in Hollywood's
'entertainment factories,' in which production was broken
down and organized into its various components (writing,
costuming, makeup, directing, etc.).
9. THE MAJOR FILM
STUDIOS: THE BIG FIVE
Warner Bros: Pictures, incorporated in 1923 by Polish
brothers (Jack, Harry, Albert, and Sam); in 1925, Warner
Brothers merged with First National, forming Warner Bros.-
First National Pictures; the studio's first principal asset was
Rin Tin Tin; became prominent by 1927 due to its
introduction of talkies (The Jazz Singer 1927), and early 30s
gangster films; it was known as the "Depression studio"; in
the 40s, it specialized in Bugs Bunny animations and other
cartoons.
10. Adolph Zukor's Famous Players (1912) and Jesse Lasky's Feature
Play - merged in 1916 to form Famous Players- Lasky Corporation;
it spent $1 million on United Studios' property (on Marathon
Street) in 1926; the Famous Players- Lasky Corporation became
Paramount: studios in 1927, and was officially named
Paramount Pictures in 1935; its greatest silent era stars were Mary
Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks, and Rudolph Valentino; Golden
Age stars included Mae West, W.C. Fields, Bing Crosby, Bob Hope,
and director Cecil B. DeMille
11. RKO: (Radio-Keith-Orpheum) Pictures, evolved from the Mutual
Film Corporation (1912), was established in 1928 as a subsidiary of
RCA; it was formed by RCA, Keith-Orpheum Theatres, and the FBO
Company (Film Booker's Organization) - which was owned by
Joseph P. Kennedy (who had already purchased what remained of
Mutual); this was the smallest studio of the majors; kept financially
afloat with top-grossing Astaire-Rogers musicals in the 30s, King
Kong (1933), and Citizen Kane(1941) at one time, RKO was acquired
by eccentric millionaire Howard Hughes
12. Marcus Loew of Loew's, Inc., was the parent firm of what eventually
became Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Metro Pictures Corporation was a
production company founded in 1916 by Richard A. Rowland and Louis B.
Mayer. In 1918, Mayer left this partnership to start up his own production
company in 1918, called Louis B. Mayer Pictures. In 1920, Metro Pictures
Corporation (with its already-acquired Goldwyn Pictures Corporation)
was purchased by early theatre exhibitor Marcus Loew of Loew's Inc. In
another acquisition, Loew merged his 'Metro-Goldwyn production
company with Louis B. Mayer Pictures.
13. Fox Film Corporation/Foundation: founded in 1912 by NY
nickelodeon owner William Fox (originally a garment industry
worker), was first known for Fox Movietone news and then B-
westerns; its first film was Life's Shop Window (1914); it later became
20th-Century Fox, formed through the 1935 merger of 20th Century
Pictures Company (founded in 1933 by Darryl F. Zanuck) and Fox; it
became famous for Shirley Temple films in the mid-30s and Betty
Grable musicals in the 40s
14. THE MINOR FILM
STUDIOS: THE LITTLE
THREE
Three smaller, minor studios were dubbed The Little Three,
because each of them lacked one of the three elements
required in vertical integration - owning their own theaters
15. Universal Pictures:
Universal Film Manufacturing, founded by Carl Laemmle in
1912; formed from a merger of Laemmle's own IMP -
Independent Motion Picture Company (founded in 1909)
with Bison 101, the U. S. production facilities of French
studio Éclair, Nestor Film Co., and several other film
companies; its first successes were W.C. Fields and Abbott
and Costello comedies, the Flash Gordon serial, and Woody
Woodpecker cartoons
16. United Artists: formed in 1919 by movie industry icons
Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, Sr., Charlie Chaplin, and
director D.W. Griffith as an independent company to produce
and distribute their films; United Artists utilized an 18-acre
property owned by Pickford and Fairbanks, known as the
Pickford-Fairbanks Studio, and later named United Artists
Studio in the 1920s
17. Columbia Pictures: originally the C.B.C. Film
Sales Company in 1920 founded by brothers Jack
and Harry Cohn, and Joseph Brandt, and officially
named Columbia in 1924; their studios opened at
the old location of Christie-Nestor Studios;
established prominence with It happened one
night (1934), Rita Hayworth films, Lost
Horizon(1937) The Jolson Story (1946), and
Batman serials.
18. FILM WITH 3D
Digital media playback of hi-resolution 2K files has at least a
twenty year history with early RAIDs feeding custom frame
buffer systems with large memories. Content was usually
restricted to several minutes of material.
Transfer of content between remote locations was slow and
had limited capacity. It wasn't until the late 1990s that
feature length projects could be sent over the 'wire‘.
Digital projectors capable of 2K resolution began deploying in
2005, and since 2006, the pace has accelerated.
Digital cinema refers to the use of digital technology to
distribute and project motion pictures. A movie can be
distributed via hard drives, optical disks (such as DVD's) or
satellite and projected using a digital projector instead of a
conventional film projector. Digital cinema is distinct from
high-definition television and in particular, is not dependent
on using television or HDTV standards, aspect ratios, or frame
rates.
21. TECHNICAL TEAM TO
MAKE A FILM
Production: The film producer is responsible for organizational and
technical aspects of making a movie. She is responsible for staff
recruitment, funding and contact work with distributors to
disseminate the work. If your task is limited to some specific areas of
technical or creative process, it is called "co-producer.“
Address: The film director is the professional who directs the
making of a film, the head of the staging, provide guidance to the
actors and technical crew, taking all the creative decisions,
following their particular style or vision. Overseeing the scenery and
costumes, and all other functions necessary to successfully carry out
the shooting.
Also included in the area, the assistant director and the script called
or continuity. On the other hand, works in conjunction with the
principal actors.
Sound: In running, the makers of the film are the soundman sound
and microphones. Are added in postproduction sound editor,
composer of incidental music and sound effects artists (Foley) and
22. Writer: The writer is in charge of preparing the script, either an original
story, adapted from a previous script or other literary work. Many
writers have become writers of their own literary works. Within the
screenplay distinguished literary or film script, which narrates the film
in terms of image (descriptions) and sound (effects and dialogue), and is
divided into acts and scenes, and the technical script, which adds to a
series previous technical guidance (size of plane, camera, etc..) serving as
the technical team in its work.
They can also collaborate with other writers screenwriter (co-writers)
or have dialogist who specialize in writing dialogue.
Photo: The cinematographer is the person who determines how it is to
see the film, ie, who determines, based on the requirements of the
director and history, the visual aspects of the film: the framing,
lighting , optics used, the camera moves, etc.. He is responsible for all the
visuals of the film, also from a conceptual standpoint, determining the
overall tone and atmosphere optical image of the film.
The camera equipment is the largest and comprises, besides the director
of photography, cameraman, first assistant cameraman or foci, the
second assistant camera charger negative, the gaffer, or chief, electric
power or operators lights, dolly grip or operators or dolly, camera
stabilizers (steady cam) and other assistants or apprentices.
23. Assembly: The film montage technique is the successive assembly of shots
recorded on photographic film to provide them in narrative form. It
consists in choosing (once the movie was shot), sort and collate a
selection of plans registered as an idea and a particular dynamics, from
the script, the idea of the director and the contribution of the editor.
Art: The art area can have an art director or more, if necessary. In the case
of more than one, they are coordinated by a production designer, who is
in charge of the overall aesthetics of the film. These managers have
assistants and specific charge, as set designers, costume makers,
seamstresses, makeup artists, hairdressers / as, stagehand and other
additional members as painters, carpenters or builders. They also rely on
specialists in this area and optical visual effects are made in the shooting,
and other effects achieved during the post-production.
Stunts: The stunt doubles action or are the people who replaced the actor
in the stunts. Where the physical integrity of the actor or actress may be
at risk. In some cases, demand action scene the actors some of whom lack
skills in this case a specialist is hired to perform the scene. In other cases
the same actor is competent to perform the action scene but replaces it
with a double to avoid the risk of a crash to delay the entire shooting.
Storyboards: The storyboard is used to define the sequences and plane
changes, movements and positions of actors in each of the scenes before
you shoot it, in it we see as if it were a comic full movie.
