The history of music videos began with abstract films by Oscar Fischinger that were synchronized to music tracks. Early music videos were displayed on Panaroms and Scopitones, film reels shown in public spaces and bars that featured short films set to popular songs. In the 1960s, British TV shows began airing music promos to feature bands. The concept of a cable TV channel dedicated to music videos was proposed by Mike Nesmith in the late 1970s. MTV launched in 1981 and helped break new artists, especially British new wave bands. The channel initially focused on white rock acts but later played more black artists and genres like rap and R&B. By the mid-1980s, MTV had become a
Hollywood, What is hollywood, Beginning Middle & End, How film Making started, How it all Began, A brief history of Hollywood and its journey guides you through these questions
Hollywood, What is hollywood, Beginning Middle & End, How film Making started, How it all Began, A brief history of Hollywood and its journey guides you through these questions
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Oscar Fischinger
• In Oscar Fischinger’s work, there was notably a close relationship between
music tracks and visual material.
• He was well-known for his abstract synchronisations and visual
interpretations such as ‘Komposition in Blau’ (1935) and his work on the
Disney film ‘Fantasia’ (1939).
• Some of Fischinger’s films were made on a contract with Electrola Disks
with an end title advertising the track which the audience had just heard
and a suggestion to ‘get it at your local record store’.
3. The Panarom & the Scopitone
• Short films showcasing artists were displayed mainly on reels on the forerunner of the video
jukebox called the Panarom.
• The Panarom weighed about 2 tons and contained a 20 inch screen with a black projection. They
often used the screen to show a wide variety of current and popular music in places like bars.
• As well as music, short films were also shown on the Panarom. These films were often more daring
sexually and at times politically than the features of the day as they were less likely to be checked by
the censor.
• The machine contained a reel of eight shorts which were set to play in sequence; thousands of these
16mm films known as ‘soundies’ were produced in the heyday of the Panarom from 1939-46 but the
Panarom soon died out quickly after the war.
• In the 1960s, the idea was recreated in France with the Scopitone (a machine which provided
individual selection as well as play and rewind for 36 short films). The films were also in colour and
gave the consumer a choice unlike the Panarom. Song-and-dance performances were mainly shot
on cheap sound stages or outdoors. They often involved a high level of female display and garish use
of colour. The machine was very successful in France before it gained success in the USA and by
mid-1965, around 1000 were installed.
• Films by the US were produced by a company called Harman-ee. Again, these included a lot of
sexualised dance routines performed by females. When rock music became popular, they began
shooting films for bands like Procul Harum although pop was still the most popular music genre.
However with competition from TV, the Scopitone also died out.
4. Television Coverage
• During the 1960s in the UK, shows such as ‘Ready Steady Go’ and ‘Top Of The Pops’ were used in an attempt to capture the new
teenage audience from ‘American Bandstand’. As they needed to have music acts on the show each week, this lead to short promo
films if acts were busy (for example, on tour). Beatles clips for ‘Penny Lane’ and ‘Strawberry Fields Forever’ provided material so
they didn’t have to appear on ‘Top Of The Pops’ in person. Other famous British acts during this era that also recorded promos
included the Rolling Stones, The Kinks and The Who.
• In the USA, the band the Monkees also used many devices which would later be used in music promos including surrealism,
jump cuts, wacky comedy and action mixed with a music performance. The four band members were selected for how they would
look on TV (this device was also used to create boy bands and for shows like ‘Pop Idol’).
• In the 1970s ‘serious rock’ gained slots on TV such as ‘The Old Grey Whistle Test’ (1971) and many films emerged which made
use of pop and rock artists, from ‘Saturday Night Fever’ (Badham 1977) to ‘Quadrophenia’ (Roddam 1979). An increasing number
of bands went down the route of producing promo clips which gained airplay within TV shows. In America, AOR (Adult Oriented
Rock) was an increasingly dominating radio and made it harder for pop singles to break through. At the same time, cable TV was
growing rapidly but had not yet generated sufficient income to pay for its own programming. A combination of these factors
meant that the time was right for music television.
• Mike Nesmith from the Mokees came up with an idea to create a promo based programme for Nickelodeon. The only cost to the
channel was royalties for airplay and the concept quickly became attractive to advertisers, making it potentially very profitable.
• Though there was insufficient contemporary material to justify such a move, the New Wave of British pop acts with their singles-
based music which came out of Punk rock soon provided an ‘invasion’ to fill the space. British groups often had video airplay well
in advance of radio play and took full advantage of the first few years of MTVs existence to break the American market.
Successful artists included Duran Duran who often shot lavish videos on location and The Eurythmics with surreal narratives.
5. MTV
• MTV soon became very popular in the USA when American artists realised it’s potential so created promo clips of their
own. However during the early years, assumptions about the demographics of the audience led to dominance by white acts
and male rock. Despite the success of ‘Thriller’ and ‘Bad’ by Micheal Jackson, it was almost the end of the decade before
any other black artists’ work broke through.
• The reluctance to play videos by black artists meant rap videos were only able to acquire small budgets and had to be
distributed through alternative means so couldn’t find a mass audience. Yet, when the work of MC Hammer and Coolio
became acceptable and humorous, they were eligible for bigger budgets.
• Hype William productions for TLC, R.Kelly and Missy Elliot meant that black artists and directors were commanding for
bigger budgets of $2 million. These high budget videos increased record sales and Hip Hop replaced Rock as the dominant
music genre.
• The success of the New Romantics’ highly visual style was exemplified by their videos and a combination of visual excess,
high camp performance and comedy. Duran Duran were perhaps the ultimate example of this with four high budget videos
‘Girls on Film’, ‘Hungry like the Wolf’, ‘Rio’ and ‘Wild Boys’ using expensive and exotic locations, high quality
cinematography and a filmic look, as well as a high number of females on display.
• Madonna also led a host of female artists by creating interesting and innovative music videos to showcase their talents.
Image, performance, choreography and close ups were important aspects for success of female acts.
• By 1984, MTV has its own version of the Oscars (The Music Awards) with categories including best video and best special
effects and choreography. Some directors moved to feature films from music videos and so used music videos as a training
ground for Hollywood or independent production.
• MTV was now owned by Viacom (a major media conglomerate) and by the mid 80s, launched a European version of MTV
which lead to more subscribers.
• Viacom was responsible for the shift away from the narrow rock video market towards a wider range of music genres
including rap and indie. They also succeeded in bringing MTV to the major cities where it had previously not been
available and developing more conventional scheduling, beginning to produce programmes other than video clip
compilations, giving a much greater sense of a ‘lifestyle’. The concert programme ‘Unplugged’, where artists performed
stripped down versions of their hits, usually with acoustic guitar, led to a series of successful CD releases.