Organic Chemistry teaching material

1. Innovative Instructional Material
in Science 9
1

2. The Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
2

3. GUIDE
CARD
LEAST MASTERED SKILL:
Using the number of carbons to name an organic compound.
Drawing structural formulas of organic compounds.
OBJECTIVES:
→ Explain how the number of carbons constitute to a specific
organic compound.
→ Draw the structural formula or name the given organic
compound. 3

4. Hydrocarbons are
organic compounds
that contain carbon
and hydrogen atoms
only. Hydrocarbons
such as methane,
ethane and butane are
components of natural
gas. Hydrocarbons are
grouped into families
namely, alkanes,
alkenes and alkynes.
OVERVIEW Alkanes are the simplest organic molecules, consisting of only
carbon and hydrogen and with only single bonds between
carbon atoms. Alkanes are used as the basis for naming the
majority of organic compounds (their nomenclature). Alkanes
have the general formula CnH₂n+₂.
Alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least
one carbon-carbon double bond. The alkenes are a family of
hydrocarbons that share the general formula CnH₂n.
An alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least
one car-carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes
with one triple bond and no other functional groups form a
homologous series with the general chemical formula
CnH₂n-₂.
4

5. Activity 1: “Saturated or Unsaturated?”
ACTIVITY CARD
Tell if the following are saturated hydrocarbons or unsaturated hydrocarbons.
(Hint: saturated = alkane; unsaturated = alkene or alkyne, use general formulas)
1. C₂H₂ _______________ 6. C₂H₂ _______________
2. C₅H₁₂ ______________ 7. C₇H₁₄ _______________
3. C₃H₈ _______________ 8. C₇H₁₆ _______________
4. C₄H₆ _______________ 9. C₆H₁₀ _______________
5. C₅H₈ _______________ 10. C₃H₆ _______________
5

6. Activity 2: “What is Your Name?”
Name the following hydrocarbons.
1. 2.
4.
5.
CH C C
H
H
C
H
C HH
H
C
H
CH H
H
C
H
H
H
3.
6

7. Activity 3: “Draw My Backbone 1”
Draw a condensed structural formula for the given hydrocarbons.
1. 2-methylpropane _________________
2. 2,4-dimethylhexane _________________
3. Octane _________________
4. 2-butane _________________
5. propene ___________________
6. 2,4- dimethylhexane _______________
7. Ethene _______________
8. 4-methyl-2-pentene _______________
9. 2- pentyne _______________
10. 4-methyl-2-hexyne _______________
7

8. Activity 4: “Draw My Backbone 2”
Draw a skeletal/line structure for the given hydrocarbons.
1. Nonane _____________
2. 2-methylpentane _____________
3. 4-heptyne _____________
4. decane _____________
5. 2,6-dimethyloctane _____________
6. 4-pentene ______________
6. 3,4-pentadiene ______________
7. 4-methyl-2-butane ____________
8. 3-hexyne ____________
9. Butane ______________
8

9. Activity 5: “Organic Pairs Game”
The aim of the game is to match a name with its appropriate
formula, played by pairs of students.
Rules of the game:
 The cards are shuffled and spread out randomly face down on
the bench.
 Players take it in turns to turn over two cards. If they find a pair
(name + formula) they claim it and have another go. If the two
cards do not make a pair they turn them face down and play
passes to the next player.
 The winner is the one with the most pairs at the end.
9

10. 10

11. ASSESSMENT CARD
Complete the table below:
C₈H₁₈
11

12. Down:
1) Organic
compounds that
contain the
maximum number
of hydrogen atoms
per carbon atom.
2) Compounds
that contain a
hydrocarbon ring.
6) A hydrocarbon
in which there are
only single
covalent bonds.
Across:
3) Hydrocarbons that contain
one or more carbon-carbon
double covalent bonds.
4) Also known as arene.
Organic compound that
contains a benzene ring or
other ring in which the
bonding is that like of
benzene.
5) The simplest organic
compounds that contain only
carbon and hydrogen.
7) Hydrocarbons that contain
one or more carbon-carbon
triple covalent bonds.
8) Compounds that have the
same molecular formula but
different molecular
structures.
Answer the crossword puzzle by following the given clues:
12

13. ENRICHMENT CARD
The IUPAC or International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry made rules in naming which uses
the same prefixes in all basic hydrocarbons. Here is a
guide for you for the first ten hydrocarbons.
# of Carbon Atoms Prefix
1 meth-
2 eth-
3 prop-
4 but-
5 pent-
6 hex-
7 hept-
8 oct-
9 non-
10 dec-
Try this out!
Write the molecular, name and draw
the condensed structural formula of
this hydrocarbon:
It has 7 continuous carbon chain in the
parent chain, has ethyl substituent on
the 3rd carbon and a methyl
substituent on the 4th and 5th carbon.
13

14. REFERENCE CARD
DEPED Learners’ Material Science 9 Unit 2 Module 3 pp.48 –52
Chemistry (Vival Series) pp. 343 – 361
Chemistry (Phoenix Series) pp. 315 – 331
Websites about Hydrocarbons
- organicchemstudysite.tripod.com/alkanes.html
- https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/nomen1.htm
- study.com/.../organic-molecules-alkanes-alkenes-aromatic-hydrocarbons-
and-isomers
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon
14

15. ANSWER KEYS CARD
Activity 1: “Saturated or Unsaturated”?
1. Unsaturated 6. Unsaturated
2. Saturated 7. Saturated
3. Saturated 8. Saturated
4. Unsaturated 9. Unsaturated
5. Unsaturated 10. Unsaturated
Activity 2: “What is Your Name?”
1. Ethane
2. 3-hexane
3. 4,5-dimethyl-1-hexane
4. 2-ethyl-1-butane
5. 2-methylpropane
Activity 5: Organic
Pairs Game
15

16. Enrichment: Try This!
CH₃
ǀ
CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃
ǀ ǀ
CH₃ CH₂-CH₃
3-ethyl-4,5-dimethylheptane
16

17. Assessment #1
C₂H₆ CnH₂n+₂ Alkane ethaneCH₃CH₃
C₇H₁₂ CnH₂n-₂ Alkyne CH₃CH₂C≡CCH₂CH₂CH₃
C₃H₈ AlkaneCnH₂n+₂
AlkaneCnH₂n+₂
propane
octane
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
2-penteneAlkeneC₅H₁₀ CnH₂n
C₈H₁₈
17

18. Assessment #2
S
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L K A N E S
A R M A T I C C O M P 0 U N D
A L K Y N E
I S O M
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H Y D R C R B O S
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19. 19
Thank You!
Prepared by:
HYDEE T. BALBA
Science Teacher
Pacita Complex National High School