This document discusses laptop computers. It defines laptops as personal computers that integrate components like a display, keyboard, and speakers into a single portable unit. Laptops can be classified as full-size, notebooks, or tablet PCs depending on size and features. Key components include the CPU, RAM, battery, and display. Laptops offer advantages like productivity on the go but disadvantages like limited upgradeability compared to desktops.

1. TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI
DALAM PENDIDIKAN
INNOVATION OF LAPTOP
A133718 IZZATI LIYANA BINTI MOHD RAHIM

2. ABOUT LAPTOP
● A personal computer for mobile use. A laptop integrates
most of the typical components of a desktop computer,
including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device
(pointing stick) and speakers into a single unit.
● A laptop is powered by mains electricity via an AC
adapter, and can be used away from an outlet using a
rechargeable battery.
● Also called notebook or computers.

4. CLASSIFICATION
● Full-size Laptop
- A laptop large enough to accommodate a "full-size"
keyboard (a keyboard with the minimum QWERTY key
layout, which is at least 13.5 keys across that are on ¾
(0.750) inch centers, plus some room on both ends for
the case).
● Notebook
- A smaller, lighter, more portable laptop. It is also usually
cheaper than a full-size laptop, but has fewer features
and less computing power. Smaller keyboards can be
more difficult to operate.

5. ● Tablet PC
- These have touch screen. There are "convertible tablets"
with a full keyboard where the screen rotates to be used
atop the keyboard, and "slate" form-factor machines
which are usually touch-screen only (although a few
older models feature very small keyboards along the
sides of the screen.)

6. Full size laptop Notebook
Tablet pc

7. COMPONENT
● Central processing unit (CPU)
● Memory (RAM)
● Expansion card
● Power suppy
● Battery
● Video display controller
● Display
● Removable media

8. ADVANTAGES
● Productivity
● Using a laptop in places where a desktop PC can not be used,
and at times that would otherwise be wasted.
● Immediacy
● Carrying a laptop means having instant access to various
information, personal and work files.
● Size
● Laptops are smaller than desktop PCs. This is beneficial when
space is at a premium, for example in small apartments and
student dorms. When not in use, a laptop can be closed and
put away.

9. DISADVANTAGES
● Performance
● The performance of mainstream desktops and laptops is
comparable, and the cost of laptops has fallen more rapidly than
desktops, laptops remain more expensive than desktop PCs at the
same performance level.
● Upgradeability
- Upgradeability of laptops is very limited compared to desktops,
which are thoroughly standardized. In general, hard drives and
memory can be upgraded easily. Optical drives and internal
expansion cards may be upgraded if they follow an industry
standard, but all other internal components, including the
motherboard, CPU and graphics, are not always intended to be
upgradeable.

11. CONCLUSION
● Portable computers, originally monochrome CRT-based
and developed into the modern laptops, were originally
considered to be a small niche market, mostly for
specialized field applications such as the military,
accountants and sales representatives.
● As portable computers became smaller, lighter, cheaper,
more powerful and as screens became larger and of
better quality, laptops became very widely used for all
sorts of purposes, by all sorts of people.