Present perfect, Comparatives and superlatives

1. PRESENT PERFECT
COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
Gabriela Páez Rincón
Geraldine Sáenz Valcárcel
Kevin Sebastián Henao
Jordan Sebastián Escobar
Santiago Olivera Abril

2.  To form the perfect present, the auxiliary verb is used
"to have" in the present and the participle spent from the
verb. For regular verbs, the past participle is the simple
form of the past.
PRESENT PERFECT

3. Subject Verb auxiliar Forma Corta Past Participle
I, you, have I’ve, you’ve talked, learned,
we, they we’ve, they’ve traveled…
he, she, it has he’s, she’s, talked, learned,
it’s traveled…
STRUCTURE

4.  Verb Past Simple Past Participle
 be was/were been
 do did done
 go went gone
 make made made
 see saw seen
Notice: bear in mind that there are many past irregular
participles in English. Later you have a list of some of the most
common past irregular participles.

5. STRUCTURE
1. Affirmative Sentences
 Subject + verb auxiliar (to have) + Past Participle…
 Examples:
 I have [I’ve] talked to Peter. (He hablado con Peter.)
 She has [She’s] gone to work. (Ha ido a su trabajo.)
 We have [We’ve] been to London. (Hemos ido a Londres.)
 They have [They’ve] learned English. (Han aprendido inglés.)

6.  2. Negative sentences
* Subject + verb auxiliar (to have) + “not” + Past Participle
*Examples:
*I haven’t talked to Peter. (No he hablado con Peter.)
*She hasn’t gone to work. (No ha ido a su trabajo.)
*We haven’t been to London. (No hemos ido a Londres.)
*They haven’t learned English. (No han aprendido inglés.)

7. 3. Interrogative Sentences
 Verb auxiliar (to have) + sujeto + Past Participle…?
 Examples:
 Have you talked to Peter? (¿Has hablado con Peter?)
 Has she gone to work? (¿Ha ido a su trabajo?)
 Have you been to London? (¿Has ido a Londres?)
 Have they learned English? (¿Han aprendido inglés?)

8. The comparative is used in English to
compare differences between both
objects those that it modifies (larger,
smaller, faster, higher). It uses in
prayers where we compare two
names
Comparativos

9. EJEMPLOS
My house is larger than hers.
This box is smaller than the one I lost.
Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
The rock flew higher than the roof.
Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like
Jack better. ("than Jim" se sobreentiende)

10. The superlative uses to describe an object
that one finds in the top or low end of a
quality (the tallest, the smallest, the
fastest, the highest). It is in use in prayers in
which we compare a subject with a group
of objects
Superlativos

11. EJEMPLOS
My house is the largest one in our
neighborhood.
This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the
race.
We all threw our rocks at the same time.
My rock flew the highest. ("of all the rocks"
está sobreentendido)

12. To add-er for the comparative and-est
for the superlative. If the adjective
finishes in consonant + member +
consonant, the last consonant must
repeat before adding the completion.
Adjectives of a syllable

13. Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo
tall taller tallest
fat fatter fattest
big bigger biggest
sad sadder saddest

14. The adjectives of three syllables or more they form
the comparative placing dwell before the adjective
and the superlative placing most.
Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo
important more important most important
expensive more expensive most expensive
ADJECTIVES OF THREE SYLLABLES
OR MORE

15. COMPARATIVES AND
IRREGULAR SUPERLATIVES
Some very current adjectives have irregular forms
in the degrees comparatively and superlative.
Adjetivos Comparativos Superlativos
good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
much more most
far further / farther furthest / farthest