In this presentation you will get information about infrared technology in Mobile Networks and complete details of IrDA.

1. INFRARED

2. Origin of the Term
 The name means below red, Latin infra meaning
“below”.
 Red has the longest wavelength.
 INFRAED=INFRA+RED

3. HISTORY
 The infrared radiation was discovered by
William Herschel, the astronomer, in the
early 19th century. Herschel published his
results in 1800 before the Royal Society of
London
 IrDA (Infrared Data Association) was formed
in 1993
 60 companies met to establish standards for
exchanging data between mobile devices.

4. Infrared Transmission
“Infrared transmission refers to energy in
the region of the electromagnetic
radiation spectrum at wavelength longer
than those of visible light but shorter
than those of radio waves.”

6. Infrared Technology
 Infrared technology allows computing devices to
communicate via short-range wireless signals.
 With infrared, computers can transfer files and
other digital data bidirectionally.
 Computer infrared network adapters both transmit
and receive data through ports on a device.

7. Range
 IrDA spans very short distances.
 Short-range communications (under 5 meter)
 Within a fairly narrow cone (15 degree minimum,
30 degree maximum half angle).
 Works in direct “Line of Sight”.

8. Performance
IrDA-SIR (slow speed)
data rates up to 115 Kbps
IrDA-MIR (medium speed)
data rates up to 1.15 Mbps
IrDA-FIR (fast speed)
data rates up to 4 Mbps
IrDA-VFIR ( very fast speed)
data rates up to 16 Mbps

9. Performance

10. Factors Affecting IrDA
Angle
Distance
Noise
Heat
Light

11. IrDA Devices
 Remote control for TV
 Laptops
 Smart phones
 Net books
 Printers
 Play stations
 Image scanners
 Air conditioners

12. IrDA Protocol Stack
 An IrDA protocol stack is the layered set of
protocols particularly aimed at point-to-point
infrared communications.

13. Types of Protocols
Required IrDA Protocols
Optional IrDA

14. Required Protocols
• Physical Layer
• IrLAP
• IrLMP
• IAS

15. Optional Protocols
• Tiny TP
• IrOBEX
• IrCOMM
• IrLAN

16. Infrared Layers
constitute the complete Infrared
Communication Protocol
for Data Transfer and Communication
between IrDA devices
these layers combine to form the Infrared
Communication possible in this network

17. IrDA Protocol Stack

18. IrPHY (Infrared Physical
Layer)
equivalent to Physical layer of
OSI model
handles the Medium
transformation rates and
connectivity characteristics

19. IrLAP (Infrared Link Access
Protocol)
Access control
Discovery of potential communication
partners
Establishing of a reliable bidirectional
connection
Negotiation of the Primary/Secondary
device roles

20. Embedded stack Layers

21. IrLMP (Infrared Link Management
Protocol)
LM-MUX (Link Management
Multiplexer)
lies on top of the IrLAP layer.
provides multiple logical channels
allows change of Primary/Secondary
devices
LM-IAS (Link Management
Information Access Service)
provides a list, where service
providers can register their services
other devices can access these
services via querying the LM-IAS.

22. Tiny TP (Tiny Transport
Protocol
provides Transmission
and Flow control features
in IrDA Network

23. IrCOMM (Infrared Communications
Protocol)
acts like a serial or parallel port
on top of transmission layer
for application integration

24. IrOBEX (Infrared Object
Exchange)
OBEX is optional (Object Exchange)
provides the exchange of arbitrary data
objects (e.g., vCard, vCalendar or even
applications) between infrared devices

25. IrLAN (Infrared Local Area
Network)
 the optional IrLAN (Infrared Local Area Network)
provides the possibility to connect an infrared device
to a local area network.
Methods
Access
Point
Peer to
Peer
Hosted

26. IrS (IrSimple)
enhancing transfer rates 4 – 10
times
provides backward compatibility
with other IrDA Protocols

27. IrSS (IrSimpleShot)
used by Infrared Camera to transfer
pictures to Printers
It has the functionality of TV remote
control with transfer rates of up to 16
Mbps.

28. Establishing an Infrared
Network
In an infrared network two devices are aligned
in such a way as to establish a network
connection which has no wires and other ware
requirements
The only requirement from a connection
standpoint is that a direct line of sight exists
between the two devices.

29. Steps in Establishing an Infrared
Network

31. Example: remote control for television
a remote contains
an infrared
emitter
When you press
a button on the
remote, it emits
pulses of infrared
light
These pulses are
received by the
infrared receiver
on television
a chip inside the
remote causes
the infrared
receiver to flash a
different pattern
of invisible light
for each button
pressed

32. USES

33. Infrared imaging
 Infrared imaging is used extensively for military
and civilian purposes. Military applications include
target acquisition , surveillance, night vision ,
homing and tracking. Non-military uses include
thermal efficiency analysis, remote temperature
sensing, short-ranged wireless communication ,
weather forecasting .

34. Infrared astronomy
 Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped
telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space,
such as molecular clouds ; detect objects such as
planets .

35. Infrared Applications
Night Vision
Thermography
Tracking
Heating
Communications
Meteorology
Astronomy

36. Night Vision
 Infrared is used in night vision equipment when
there is insufficient visible light to see.
 Night vision devices operate through a process
involving the conversion of light photons into
electrons which are then amplified by a chemical
and electrical process and then converted back
into visible light.

37. Thermography
 Infrared radiation can be used to remotely
determine the temperature of objects .This is
termed Thermography .
 Thermography (thermal imaging) is mainly used
in: USES
Military
Industrial
Car’s Cameras

38. Thermography(Cont….)

39. Tracking
 Infrared tracking or infrared homing, refers to a
passive missile guidance system which uses the
emission from a target of electromagnetic
radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to
track it.
 Missiles which use infrared seeking are often
referred to as “heat-seekers”

40. Tracking (Cont….)

41. Heating
 Infrared radiation can be used as a deliberate
heating source.
 For example it is used to remove ice from the
wings of aircraft ( de-icing ).
 It is also gaining popularity as a safe method of
natural health care & physiotherapy.

42. Meteorology
 Weather satellites equipped with scanning
radiometers produce thermal or infrared images
which can then enable a trained analyst to
determine cloud heights and types, to calculate
land and surface water temperatures, and to
locate ocean surface features.

43. Meteorology(Cont…)

44. Infrared Advantages
 Low power requirements
 Low circuitry costs
 Simple circuitry
 Higher security
 Portability
 High noise immunity

45. Infrared Disadvantages
 Line of sight
 Short range
 Blocked by common materials
 Light, weather sensitive
 Speed

46. Security Risks
 Point-to-point lasers which can cause burns or
blindness
 Prolonged microwave exposure which has been
linked to cancer and leukemia

47. FUTURE WORK

48. Future I Phones
 A newly discovered Apple patent reveals that
future iPhones could use infrared technology to
provide sophisticated cameras that communicate
with the objects around them.