This document discusses infant death and stillbirth. It states that stillbirth occurs in about 5% of births when the infant is born after 28 weeks gestation but does not breathe or show other signs of life. Risk factors mentioned include prematurity, birth trauma, placental abnormalities, pregnancy toxemia, and fetal erythroblastosis. The document also describes different types of dead births including stillbirth where the infant died in utero, and describes maceration as the process of aseptic autolysis that occurs over 3-4 days when the fetus remains in the amniotic fluid after death.

1. Infant deathInfant death

2. Still BirthStill Birth
Born after 28 weeksBorn after 28 weeks
Do not breath / signs of lifeDo not breath / signs of life
5% of births5% of births
Alive in uteroAlive in utero
Dies during the process of birthDies during the process of birth
More in illegitimate and immature male childrenMore in illegitimate and immature male children
in primiparain primipara
Born sterile – putrifaction occurs from outsideBorn sterile – putrifaction occurs from outside

3. Causes of Still birthCauses of Still birth
PrematurityPrematurity
Birth traumaBirth trauma
Placental abnormalityPlacental abnormality
Toxemaias of pregnancyToxemaias of pregnancy
Erythroblastosis foetalisErythroblastosis foetalis
Congenital defectsCongenital defects

4. Dead birthDead birth
Died in uteroDied in utero
1.1. Rigor mortis at deliveryRigor mortis at delivery
2.2. MacerationMaceration
3.3. MummificationMummification

5. MacerationMaceration
Process of Aseptic AutolysisProcess of Aseptic Autolysis
3-4 days in amniotic fliud3-4 days in amniotic fliud

8. Spalding signSpalding sign
Indicator of fetal deathIndicator of fetal death