Ovarian age and reproduction. An appraisal of diagnostic methods.Mahmoud Abdel-Aleem
An understanding of the basics of ovarian cycle and its hormonal control. It provides the reader with the latest evidence about various tests used for assessment of ovarian reserve
Review “Abortion ” from “William Obstetrics ”
Viriya Lekprasert
Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology , Vichaiyut Hospital , Bangkok , Thailand
" Every pregnant women should know the fact !!. "
Ovarian age and reproduction. An appraisal of diagnostic methods.Mahmoud Abdel-Aleem
An understanding of the basics of ovarian cycle and its hormonal control. It provides the reader with the latest evidence about various tests used for assessment of ovarian reserve
Review “Abortion ” from “William Obstetrics ”
Viriya Lekprasert
Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology , Vichaiyut Hospital , Bangkok , Thailand
" Every pregnant women should know the fact !!. "
Anti Mullerian hormone -(AMH) -All Facts You Should Know | A Crucial Hormone ...martinshaji
Anti Mullerian hormone is one of the major hormone stimulating growth , ovarian cycle , and also helpful in pregnancy , hence it is necessary to know of AMH ...............and AMH test
a brief study
please comment
thank you ....
Premature Ovarian Failure Treatment in Bangalore | Fertility Treatment in IndiaSmile Baby IVF
Smile Baby IVF Centre is a well-established hospital for infertility in Bangalore. Dr. Mangala Devi fertility specialist in Bangalore provides premature ovarian failure treatment at reasonable rates. For more information, Visit: http://www.smilebabyivfs.in/
The thyroid is a gland responsible for production of thyroid hormones.
Thyroid hormones are essential to regulate metabolism and other key body functions.
Signs and symptoms of thyroid disease may occur if thyroid hormone levels are not in the normal range.
In addition to altered function, thyroid structural abnormalities may occur, ranging from benign (non cancerous) to malignant (cancer).
Depending on the underlying problem, blood tests, imaging, and biopsy may be used to make a diagnosis.
Treatment depends on the particular thyroid disease that is present.
Early signs of infertility make yourself aware of themanyremote
Diagnosis of infertility can be a sad time for any family. You are ready to start a family, and suddenly you are told that you are infertile. Your whole world crashes in front of you.
Anti Mullerian hormone -(AMH) -All Facts You Should Know | A Crucial Hormone ...martinshaji
Anti Mullerian hormone is one of the major hormone stimulating growth , ovarian cycle , and also helpful in pregnancy , hence it is necessary to know of AMH ...............and AMH test
a brief study
please comment
thank you ....
Premature Ovarian Failure Treatment in Bangalore | Fertility Treatment in IndiaSmile Baby IVF
Smile Baby IVF Centre is a well-established hospital for infertility in Bangalore. Dr. Mangala Devi fertility specialist in Bangalore provides premature ovarian failure treatment at reasonable rates. For more information, Visit: http://www.smilebabyivfs.in/
The thyroid is a gland responsible for production of thyroid hormones.
Thyroid hormones are essential to regulate metabolism and other key body functions.
Signs and symptoms of thyroid disease may occur if thyroid hormone levels are not in the normal range.
In addition to altered function, thyroid structural abnormalities may occur, ranging from benign (non cancerous) to malignant (cancer).
Depending on the underlying problem, blood tests, imaging, and biopsy may be used to make a diagnosis.
Treatment depends on the particular thyroid disease that is present.
Early signs of infertility make yourself aware of themanyremote
Diagnosis of infertility can be a sad time for any family. You are ready to start a family, and suddenly you are told that you are infertile. Your whole world crashes in front of you.
Infertility and Pregnancy
Here you will discover the foloowing:
Signs of Infertility
The Real Cause of Infertility
Infertility Treatments
How to get Pregnant Naturally
discussion of the condition leading into a possible female infertility, how to avoid such conditions, how to treat and address them, and raise awareness for both doctors and patients.
Interesting Update on Recurrent Miscarriage for Indian Gynaecologoists D...Lifecare Centre
OUTLINE….of RM
* KNOWN KNOWNWhat we know & we DO: **KNOWN UNKNOWNWhat we know but do not do: ***UNKNOWN KNOWNWhat we know that we do not know ****UNKNOWN UNKNOWNTOTALLY NEW .. Future
Introduction
Natural conception
Epidemiologic figures
Factors affect the natural conception rate
Causes of subfertility
Female causes of subfertility
ovulation
Ovarian problems
Marker of ovarian reserve
Tubal blockage
Endometrial factors
Uterine factors
Cervical factors
History and PE
Investigations
Treatment
Male subfertility
Hypothalamic-pituitary disease
Obesity
Primary hypogonadism
Sperm transport disorders
Defective ejaculation
History and PE
Investigations
Surgical sperm retrieval
Cryopreservation of gametes
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL NURSING- HIGH RISK PREGNANCY ABORTION.pptxmagie12
The students will be able to
*define abortion
*Identify the difference between various types of abortion
*Perform medical induction for abortion
*Describe various surgical techniques used for abortion
*Detect the consequences that occur by abortion and provide appropriate care
Abortion or pregnancy loss is accounts to spontaneous events or through legal termination.
The first large scale study on abortions and unintended pregnancies conducted by The Lancet in 2017 said one in three of the 48.1 million pregnancies in India end in an abortion with 15.6 million taking place in 2015.
*Definition
*Types of abortion- Spontaneous, Induced, Complete abortion, Incomplete abortion, Missed abortion, Recurrent abortion, Induced abortion
*Risk factors,
*etiology, mechanism,
* clinical manifestations of each type
*Management – medical & surgical
Nursing management
Abortion is the expulsion or extraction from its mother of an embryo or fetus weighing 500 gm or less when it is not capable of independent survival
-WHO
The 500gm of fetal development is attained
approximately at 22 weeks(154 days of gestation).
The expelled embryo or fetus is called abortus
Abortion is the cause for bleeding in early pregnancy.
Abortion occurring without medical or mechanical means to empty the uterus is referred to as spontaneous.
Another widely used term is miscarriage.
10-20% of cases of all clinical pregnancies end in miscarriage.
About 75%miscarriages –before 16th week
About 80% occur –before 12th week of pregnancy.
Increases with parity
Increased maternal and paternal age
The frequency of abortion increases from 12% in women younger than 20 years to 26% in those older than 40 years
Women conceiving within 3 months following a term birth, have a higher incidence of abortion
Anembryonic Gestational sac
- Positive HCG test as placenta secretes HCG and stops later
Presents in first few weeks of pregnancy
Removal through medical or surgical induction
Uncommon causes of abortion in human
Listeria monocytogenes
Clamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma hominis
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Toxoplasma gondii
Diabetes mellitus
Celiac sprue
Cause both male and female infertility and recurrent abortions
ENDOCRINE ABNORMALITIES
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid autoantibodies → incidence of abortion is high
Diabetes mellitus
Poor glucose control → incidence of abortion increased
Progesterone deficiency
Luteal phase defect
Insufficient progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum or placenta
DRUG USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Recurrent pregnancy loss patients : 15%
Antiphospholipid antibody : most significant
LCA (lupus anticoagulant), ACA (anticardiolipin Ab)
ALLOIMMUNE FACTORS
- Inherited thrombophilia
Uterine synechiae (Asherman syndrome)
Partial or complete obliteration of the uterine cavity by adherence of uterine wall
The retention power of the cervix(Internal os) may be impaired functionally and or anatomically in an incompetent cervix
Etiology
Previous trauma during pregnancy
1. DO YOU HAVE
IRREGULAR
CYCLES?
DO YOU GET
SEVERE
CRAMPS?
POSSIBLE
ENDOMETRIOSIS
5% of infertility cases are due
to this condition (2).
See your doctor.
ARE YOU
OVULATING?
POSSIBLE
LUTEAL PHASE DEFECT
due to low progesterone. Sometimes
due to PCOS (4). See your doctor.
DO YOU HAVE A
LOW BBT?POSSIBLE
HYPOTHYROIDISM
which can cause fertility issues.
See your doctor.
POSSIBLE
MISTIMED SEX
Use the Fertility Awareness Method
to identify the times you’re
most likely to conceive.
POSSIBLE
INSUFFICIENT LH AND FSH
Your pituitary gland may not be producing
luteinising hormone or follicule stimulating
hormone (1). See your doctor.
POSSIBLE
PCOS
70% of incidents of anovulation are due
to this hereditary condition (1). See your
doctor.
PERIOD
TRACKING
CERVICAL
FLUID
BASAL BODY
TEMPERATURE
(BBT)
DO YOU HAVE
LITTLE TO NO
CERVICAL FLUID?
BBT below 97.2°F
during your follicular
(pre-ovulatory) phase.
DO YOU HAVE A
SHORT LUTEAL PHASE?
A post-ovulatory phase
of less than 10 days.
A mid-cycle BBT
shift indicates
ovulation.
CAUSES OF IMPAIRED FERTILITY
What your body may be telling you
It can take 2-3 cycles off the
Pill to return to normal.
Wait it out!
ARE YOU
TAKING
CLOMID?
Since you’re ovulating, Clomid
may not help. It may reduce
cervical fluid (3). See your doctor.
DO YOU HAVE A
HIGH BBT?
BBT frequently
above 98.6°F.
POSSIBLE
HYPERTHYROIDISM
58% of hyperthyroid patients experience
oligomenorrhea (infrequent menstruation)
or amenorrhea (6). See your doctor.
DO YOU HAVE A
LOW BMI?
DO YOU HAVE
THICK CERVICAL
FLUID WHEN
FERTILE?
NO
YES
ARE YOU
DEHYDRATED?
POSSIBLE
HOSTILE CERVICAL FLUID
Thick & sticky cervical fluid during the
fertile window can hinder sperm. There are
many potential causes (3). See your doctor.
ONE OF
MANY OTHER CAUSES
3% of all cases of infertility are
due to cervical fluid issues (2).
See your doctor.
DRINK WATER
Dehydration can result in less
fertile-quality cervical fluid (3).
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
DO YOU
MENSTRUATE?
YES
NO NO
It can take 2-3 cycles off the
Pill to return to normal.
Wait it out!
YES
ARE YOU RECENTLY
OFF HORMONAL
BIRTH CONTROL?
ARE YOU RECENTLY
OFF HORMONAL
BIRTH CONTROL?
POSSIBLE
SECONDARY AMENORRHEA
Excessive exercise, low BMI, PCOS and
other conditions can cause a cessation
of menstruation (5). See your doctor.
NO
YES
YES
YES
NONO
DO YOU HAVE
HEAVY MENSTRUAL
BLEEDING?
YES
NO
SOURCES: Mayo Clinic, The Women’s Health Council, British Medical Group, Toni Weschler. Full sources on blog.kindara.com
DO YOU HAVE A
HIGH BMI? YES
POSSIBLE
ANDROGEN EXCESS
which causes low preogesterone
and estrogen (6). See your doctor.