This document discusses health promotion and workplace health promotion. It explores the concepts of health promotion and examines its relevance in the workplace setting. Health promotion aims to enable people to improve their health and is operationalized in different settings including schools, communities, and workplaces. Workplace health promotion targets organizational culture and practices to promote employee health and productivity. The document outlines several approaches to workplace health promotion and provides rationale for why it is important. It notes health is created where people live, learn, work and love, including the workplace, so the health of the workplace impacts employees and vice versa.
Workplace health promotion presentationmike parker
Workplace health promotion programs aim to improve employee health and reduce costs through coordinated policies, benefits, and environmental supports. These programs address multiple health risks and levels of the organization at once. Increasing costs of healthcare and decreased productivity due to employee illness are driving more employers to implement wellness programs. Evaluation of programs shows some success in increasing healthy behaviors like fruit/vegetable consumption and decreasing smoking rates. Further research is still needed to identify the most effective interventions.
Globalization and its effects on public health were discussed. Key points included:
1. Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures worldwide. It impacts public health through factors like population mobility, social changes, and environmental changes.
2. Public health aims to prevent disease and promote community health through organized efforts. It has evolved from a focus on disease control to health promotion and addressing social determinants of health.
3. Globalization influences public health through various pathways like health policies, economic development, social interactions, and environmental changes. It presents both opportunities and challenges for improving population health outcomes worldwide.
Concept and definitions
Health education
Beliefs and approaches in health promotion
Health promotion strategies and priority actions
Public health, social movement, health inequity and millennium goals
Canadian experience in health promotion
Conclusion
This document discusses health system evaluation and monitoring. It defines evaluation as the systematic gathering, analysis, and reporting of data to assist with decision making. Monitoring is defined as the constant collection and examination of selected program information over the life of the program. The document discusses different types of evaluations, such as prospective vs retrospective, formative vs summative, internal vs external, and descriptive vs analytical. It also discusses important indicators for evaluating health systems, including indicators for access, equity, quality, and efficiency.
This document discusses equity in health and various methods for measuring equity. It defines equity as being fair to all with reference to a set of values. Key concepts discussed include vertical equity, which says those in different circumstances should be treated differently, and horizontal equity, which says those in similar circumstances should be treated equally. Methods for measuring inequality and equity discussed include the Gini coefficient, concentration index, and Lorenz curve. These measures are evaluated based on criteria like reflecting experiences of the entire population and being sensitive to changes in socioeconomic distribution.
The document discusses designing health systems to promote health. It defines health promotion as enabling people to increase control over their health according to the WHO. It also discusses the five elements of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion: building healthy public policy, reorienting health services, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, and developing personal skills. The document also defines health systems and discusses how their functions support health promotion goals. It provides strategies for planning health promotion programs and designing health services to promote health in primary care, hospitals, and other residential care settings.
Health literacy is the most important factor in getting the proper health information and health services. Health literacy significantly affects healthcare accessibility, availability, affordability and eventually cost. Health literacy makes it possible for the people to actively participate in the healthcare decision making process.
This presentation offers ways to leverage a health equity strategy in order to inspire public action.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
Workplace health promotion presentationmike parker
Workplace health promotion programs aim to improve employee health and reduce costs through coordinated policies, benefits, and environmental supports. These programs address multiple health risks and levels of the organization at once. Increasing costs of healthcare and decreased productivity due to employee illness are driving more employers to implement wellness programs. Evaluation of programs shows some success in increasing healthy behaviors like fruit/vegetable consumption and decreasing smoking rates. Further research is still needed to identify the most effective interventions.
Globalization and its effects on public health were discussed. Key points included:
1. Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures worldwide. It impacts public health through factors like population mobility, social changes, and environmental changes.
2. Public health aims to prevent disease and promote community health through organized efforts. It has evolved from a focus on disease control to health promotion and addressing social determinants of health.
3. Globalization influences public health through various pathways like health policies, economic development, social interactions, and environmental changes. It presents both opportunities and challenges for improving population health outcomes worldwide.
Concept and definitions
Health education
Beliefs and approaches in health promotion
Health promotion strategies and priority actions
Public health, social movement, health inequity and millennium goals
Canadian experience in health promotion
Conclusion
This document discusses health system evaluation and monitoring. It defines evaluation as the systematic gathering, analysis, and reporting of data to assist with decision making. Monitoring is defined as the constant collection and examination of selected program information over the life of the program. The document discusses different types of evaluations, such as prospective vs retrospective, formative vs summative, internal vs external, and descriptive vs analytical. It also discusses important indicators for evaluating health systems, including indicators for access, equity, quality, and efficiency.
This document discusses equity in health and various methods for measuring equity. It defines equity as being fair to all with reference to a set of values. Key concepts discussed include vertical equity, which says those in different circumstances should be treated differently, and horizontal equity, which says those in similar circumstances should be treated equally. Methods for measuring inequality and equity discussed include the Gini coefficient, concentration index, and Lorenz curve. These measures are evaluated based on criteria like reflecting experiences of the entire population and being sensitive to changes in socioeconomic distribution.
The document discusses designing health systems to promote health. It defines health promotion as enabling people to increase control over their health according to the WHO. It also discusses the five elements of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion: building healthy public policy, reorienting health services, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, and developing personal skills. The document also defines health systems and discusses how their functions support health promotion goals. It provides strategies for planning health promotion programs and designing health services to promote health in primary care, hospitals, and other residential care settings.
Health literacy is the most important factor in getting the proper health information and health services. Health literacy significantly affects healthcare accessibility, availability, affordability and eventually cost. Health literacy makes it possible for the people to actively participate in the healthcare decision making process.
This presentation offers ways to leverage a health equity strategy in order to inspire public action.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
Introduction to health promotion and population healthAbduh Ridha
This document provides an introduction and outline for a presentation on health promotion and population health. It includes:
1) Milestones in the development of health promotion and population health from 1974 onwards, including reports, conferences, and definitions that were influential.
2) An outline of key concepts in health promotion and population health, including definitions of health, health promotion, empowerment, and determinants of health.
3) Questions from the audience about differences and commonalities between health promotion and population health that will be addressed later in the presentation.
The document summarizes the 9th global conference on health promotion held in Shanghai, China in 2016. Over 1260 participants from 131 countries attended to discuss how to promote health in the Sustainable Development Goals. The conference highlighted the links between health promotion and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It resulted in the Shanghai Declaration which recognizes health as a political issue and calls for political commitments to protect health through public policies, legislation, fiscal policies, and universal health coverage. The declaration also emphasizes the role of cities and mayors in promoting health through urban policies.
Social determinants of health are the conditions where people are born, live, work, and age that impact health outcomes. These conditions include social, economic, and physical factors in environments like schools, workplaces, churches, and neighborhoods. Health is defined by the WHO as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. There are correlations between better health outcomes like lifespan and higher income, literacy rates, and lower unemployment.
Health Equity: Why it Matters and How to Achieve itHealth Catalyst
According to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, health equity is achieved when everyone can attain their full health potential and no one is disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position of any other socially defined circumstance.
Without health equity, there are endless social, health, and economic consequences that negatively impact patients, communities, and organizations. The U.S. ranks last on measures of health equity compared to other industrialized countries. Healthcare contributes to this problem in many ways, including ignoring clinician biases toward certain populations and overlooking the importance of social determinants of health.
Fortunately, there are effective, tested steps organizations can take to tackle their health inequities and disparities (e.g., incorporating nonmedical vital signs into their health assessment processes and partnering with community organizations to connect underserved populations with the services they need to be healthy). Some health systems, such as Allina Health, have achieved impressive results by making health equity a systemwide strategic priority.
The document discusses healthcare systems and financing in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's healthcare system, which is led by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and delivers services through two branches - the Directorate General of Health Services and the Directorate General of Family Planning. Non-governmental organizations also play an important role in service delivery. The system includes various types of public health facilities at the national, divisional, district, upazila, union and ward levels. It also discusses urban health systems managed by city corporations, and describes the main organizations responsible for health financing in Bangladesh, including the Ministry of Health, social security organizations, and private health insurance funds.
Beyond Reporting: Monitoring and Evaluation as a Health Systems Strengthening...MEASURE Evaluation
This document discusses monitoring and evaluation (M&E) as a health systems strengthening intervention. It presents the World Health Organization's health systems framework, which depicts six building blocks of a health system: service delivery, health workforce, information, medical products and technologies, financing, and leadership and governance. The document argues that strengthening M&E systems can improve all six building blocks by increasing accountability, management, and use of data to strengthen programs. It acknowledges challenges like transitioning to more robust M&E systems and maintaining momentum for improvement.
This document provides an overview of health promotion and education. It discusses the historical background and definitions of health promotion. Key frameworks for conceptualizing health promotion are described, including models by Beattie, Tones and Tilford, and Caplan and Holland. The document outlines five approaches to health promotion - medical, behavioral change, educational, empowerment, and social change. Principles of health promotion according to the WHO are also summarized.
Strengthening health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa requires health policy and systems research and analysis (HPSR+A). HPSR+A takes a multidisciplinary approach to understand how health systems function and how to improve them. It also examines how to influence health policies and implement policies effectively to strengthen systems. Some priorities for HPSR+A include conducting mixed-method longitudinal studies, using theory, and thinking outside disease-specific approaches to consider the broader health system issues. Several HPSR+A studies provided examples of how health systems can be strengthened by taking a systems perspective rather than just focusing on individual programs or diseases.
Public health concept, i ketut swarjanaswarjana2012
Pemahaman tentang konsep kesehatan masyarakat atau public health concept sangat penting dalam rangka memahami lebih awal dasar dari konsep kesehatan masyarakat itu sendiri, sebelum lebih jauh belajar tentang IKM yang mencakup epidemiologi, manajemen kesehatan, promosi kesehatan dan lain-lain
Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, which is closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. To be effective, surveillance must be directly linked to preventive action.
In the case of occupational health, the actions prompted by the surveillance system should be directed not only at the individual case or the affected group, but also at the responsible workplace factors.
Surveillance programs (i.e., 2ry prevention) should be designed to support programs intended to control workplace hazards (i.e., 1ry prevention).
In OSH, surveillance programs should:
• Identify cases of occupational illness or injury; and/or
• Monitor trends of occupational illness or injury.
Health is important for overall well-being and quality of life. Maintaining good physical and mental health requires making healthy lifestyle choices related to diet, exercise, stress management, and avoiding risky behaviors. Living a healthy lifestyle can help prevent disease and disability and allow people to stay active and independent as they age.
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
The document discusses the concept of health promotion. It begins by describing how health promotion is commonly referred to but not well defined. It then examines common features of health promotion programs, which typically aim to raise awareness, promote skills to change detrimental behaviors, and create supportive environments for healthier choices. The document also discusses different perceptions and models of health, including bio-medical versus social models of health. It emphasizes that concepts of health are diverse and influenced by popular, folk and professional sectors of healthcare. The overall goal of health promotion is to enable people to increase control over their health.
The document discusses social determinants of health, which are conditions where people live, learn, work and age that impact health outcomes. It identifies five key social determinants: economic stability, education, social and community context, health and healthcare, and neighborhood and built environment. Each determinant area reflects underlying factors like employment, food insecurity, and environmental conditions. The document emphasizes that human health is determined by social environments and socioeconomic factors that influence health at different life stages.
The document defines a health system as consisting of all organizations, people, and actions whose primary purpose is to promote, restore, or maintain health. It discusses health systems as complex adaptive systems with many interacting elements. It presents several conceptual frameworks for analyzing health systems, including the WHO health system building blocks and the Antwerp health system dynamics framework. It then discusses the concept of health system strengthening and changing global approaches to improving health systems over time, moving from a disease-focused approach to a more holistic health system strengthening approach.
The document discusses the epidemiologic transition, which describes the transition of major causes of death from infectious diseases to chronic and degenerative diseases as populations adopt behaviors associated with economic development and improved living standards. It describes three models of transition - the classic Western model over 200 years, an accelerated model in places like Japan and Eastern Europe, and a delayed model in most low-income developing countries since WWII. The transition is accompanied by changes in mortality and morbidity patterns, as well as demographic changes as fertility declines and populations age.
This document provides guidance on conducting a risk assessment for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the workplace. It outlines the risk assessment process, which involves preparing for the assessment, identifying MSD risk factors and those at risk, evaluating and prioritizing risks, deciding on and implementing preventive actions, monitoring and reviewing the assessment, and recording the results. The goal of the risk assessment is to systematically examine all work aspects to identify hazards, eliminate risks where possible, and implement controls to prevent MSDs and promote worker safety and health.
The document discusses health promotion and its key principles:
- Health promotion aims to empower communities and individuals to make healthy choices through advocacy, policies, and social support. It focuses on prevention, healthy lifestyles and environments.
- The Ottawa Charter outlined five action areas for health promotion: developing healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services to focus more on prevention.
- Governments, organizations, communities and individuals all have roles to play in health promotion.
Introduction to health promotion and population healthAbduh Ridha
This document provides an introduction and outline for a presentation on health promotion and population health. It includes:
1) Milestones in the development of health promotion and population health from 1974 onwards, including reports, conferences, and definitions that were influential.
2) An outline of key concepts in health promotion and population health, including definitions of health, health promotion, empowerment, and determinants of health.
3) Questions from the audience about differences and commonalities between health promotion and population health that will be addressed later in the presentation.
The document summarizes the 9th global conference on health promotion held in Shanghai, China in 2016. Over 1260 participants from 131 countries attended to discuss how to promote health in the Sustainable Development Goals. The conference highlighted the links between health promotion and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It resulted in the Shanghai Declaration which recognizes health as a political issue and calls for political commitments to protect health through public policies, legislation, fiscal policies, and universal health coverage. The declaration also emphasizes the role of cities and mayors in promoting health through urban policies.
Social determinants of health are the conditions where people are born, live, work, and age that impact health outcomes. These conditions include social, economic, and physical factors in environments like schools, workplaces, churches, and neighborhoods. Health is defined by the WHO as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. There are correlations between better health outcomes like lifespan and higher income, literacy rates, and lower unemployment.
Health Equity: Why it Matters and How to Achieve itHealth Catalyst
According to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, health equity is achieved when everyone can attain their full health potential and no one is disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position of any other socially defined circumstance.
Without health equity, there are endless social, health, and economic consequences that negatively impact patients, communities, and organizations. The U.S. ranks last on measures of health equity compared to other industrialized countries. Healthcare contributes to this problem in many ways, including ignoring clinician biases toward certain populations and overlooking the importance of social determinants of health.
Fortunately, there are effective, tested steps organizations can take to tackle their health inequities and disparities (e.g., incorporating nonmedical vital signs into their health assessment processes and partnering with community organizations to connect underserved populations with the services they need to be healthy). Some health systems, such as Allina Health, have achieved impressive results by making health equity a systemwide strategic priority.
The document discusses healthcare systems and financing in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's healthcare system, which is led by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and delivers services through two branches - the Directorate General of Health Services and the Directorate General of Family Planning. Non-governmental organizations also play an important role in service delivery. The system includes various types of public health facilities at the national, divisional, district, upazila, union and ward levels. It also discusses urban health systems managed by city corporations, and describes the main organizations responsible for health financing in Bangladesh, including the Ministry of Health, social security organizations, and private health insurance funds.
Beyond Reporting: Monitoring and Evaluation as a Health Systems Strengthening...MEASURE Evaluation
This document discusses monitoring and evaluation (M&E) as a health systems strengthening intervention. It presents the World Health Organization's health systems framework, which depicts six building blocks of a health system: service delivery, health workforce, information, medical products and technologies, financing, and leadership and governance. The document argues that strengthening M&E systems can improve all six building blocks by increasing accountability, management, and use of data to strengthen programs. It acknowledges challenges like transitioning to more robust M&E systems and maintaining momentum for improvement.
This document provides an overview of health promotion and education. It discusses the historical background and definitions of health promotion. Key frameworks for conceptualizing health promotion are described, including models by Beattie, Tones and Tilford, and Caplan and Holland. The document outlines five approaches to health promotion - medical, behavioral change, educational, empowerment, and social change. Principles of health promotion according to the WHO are also summarized.
Strengthening health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa requires health policy and systems research and analysis (HPSR+A). HPSR+A takes a multidisciplinary approach to understand how health systems function and how to improve them. It also examines how to influence health policies and implement policies effectively to strengthen systems. Some priorities for HPSR+A include conducting mixed-method longitudinal studies, using theory, and thinking outside disease-specific approaches to consider the broader health system issues. Several HPSR+A studies provided examples of how health systems can be strengthened by taking a systems perspective rather than just focusing on individual programs or diseases.
Public health concept, i ketut swarjanaswarjana2012
Pemahaman tentang konsep kesehatan masyarakat atau public health concept sangat penting dalam rangka memahami lebih awal dasar dari konsep kesehatan masyarakat itu sendiri, sebelum lebih jauh belajar tentang IKM yang mencakup epidemiologi, manajemen kesehatan, promosi kesehatan dan lain-lain
Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, which is closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. To be effective, surveillance must be directly linked to preventive action.
In the case of occupational health, the actions prompted by the surveillance system should be directed not only at the individual case or the affected group, but also at the responsible workplace factors.
Surveillance programs (i.e., 2ry prevention) should be designed to support programs intended to control workplace hazards (i.e., 1ry prevention).
In OSH, surveillance programs should:
• Identify cases of occupational illness or injury; and/or
• Monitor trends of occupational illness or injury.
Health is important for overall well-being and quality of life. Maintaining good physical and mental health requires making healthy lifestyle choices related to diet, exercise, stress management, and avoiding risky behaviors. Living a healthy lifestyle can help prevent disease and disability and allow people to stay active and independent as they age.
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
The document discusses the concept of health promotion. It begins by describing how health promotion is commonly referred to but not well defined. It then examines common features of health promotion programs, which typically aim to raise awareness, promote skills to change detrimental behaviors, and create supportive environments for healthier choices. The document also discusses different perceptions and models of health, including bio-medical versus social models of health. It emphasizes that concepts of health are diverse and influenced by popular, folk and professional sectors of healthcare. The overall goal of health promotion is to enable people to increase control over their health.
The document discusses social determinants of health, which are conditions where people live, learn, work and age that impact health outcomes. It identifies five key social determinants: economic stability, education, social and community context, health and healthcare, and neighborhood and built environment. Each determinant area reflects underlying factors like employment, food insecurity, and environmental conditions. The document emphasizes that human health is determined by social environments and socioeconomic factors that influence health at different life stages.
The document defines a health system as consisting of all organizations, people, and actions whose primary purpose is to promote, restore, or maintain health. It discusses health systems as complex adaptive systems with many interacting elements. It presents several conceptual frameworks for analyzing health systems, including the WHO health system building blocks and the Antwerp health system dynamics framework. It then discusses the concept of health system strengthening and changing global approaches to improving health systems over time, moving from a disease-focused approach to a more holistic health system strengthening approach.
The document discusses the epidemiologic transition, which describes the transition of major causes of death from infectious diseases to chronic and degenerative diseases as populations adopt behaviors associated with economic development and improved living standards. It describes three models of transition - the classic Western model over 200 years, an accelerated model in places like Japan and Eastern Europe, and a delayed model in most low-income developing countries since WWII. The transition is accompanied by changes in mortality and morbidity patterns, as well as demographic changes as fertility declines and populations age.
This document provides guidance on conducting a risk assessment for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the workplace. It outlines the risk assessment process, which involves preparing for the assessment, identifying MSD risk factors and those at risk, evaluating and prioritizing risks, deciding on and implementing preventive actions, monitoring and reviewing the assessment, and recording the results. The goal of the risk assessment is to systematically examine all work aspects to identify hazards, eliminate risks where possible, and implement controls to prevent MSDs and promote worker safety and health.
The document discusses health promotion and its key principles:
- Health promotion aims to empower communities and individuals to make healthy choices through advocacy, policies, and social support. It focuses on prevention, healthy lifestyles and environments.
- The Ottawa Charter outlined five action areas for health promotion: developing healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services to focus more on prevention.
- Governments, organizations, communities and individuals all have roles to play in health promotion.
The document discusses the key differences and relationships between health education and health promotion. Health education focuses on giving individuals information to change their behaviors, while health promotion seeks broader social, economic, and political changes to improve health at the environmental and policy levels. Both work in tandem as complementary strategies. The document also outlines the five areas of focus from the Ottawa Charter of health promotion: building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services.
This document outlines the course content for the PDHPE (Personal Development Health and Physical Education) preliminary and HSC courses in Australia. It covers four core units:
1. Better Health for Individuals which examines factors influencing individual health and strategies to promote health.
2. The Body in Motion which explores human movement through anatomy, physiology, fitness and biomechanics.
3. Health Priorities in Australia which investigates current health issues in Australia and the role of the healthcare system in addressing these priorities.
4. Factors Affecting Performance which analyzes approaches to training, skill development, and contributions of psychology, nutrition and recovery to athletic performance.
The document discusses the history and definitions of health promotion. It provides:
1) The term "health promotion" was first used in 1974 and refers to strategies that tackle the wider determinants of health beyond just healthcare.
2) Health promotion aims to empower people to have more control over their health and aspects of their lives that affect it.
3) Key strategies of health promotion include building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services.
Health promotion aims to empower people to have more control over their health by improving health status and addressing the wider determinants of health beyond just healthcare. It was first defined in 1974 as an umbrella term for strategies to tackle non-medical factors influencing health. The Lalonde Report further emphasized improving lifestyle and environment over healthcare. Health promotion involves raising individual and community health through strategies like education, policy changes, and empowering people and communities.
This document provides an overview of health promotion including definitions, approaches, models, activities, processes, principles, tools, and programs. It also discusses evaluation of health promotion programs and challenges. Key points include:
- Health promotion is defined as empowering people to increase control over their health through various population-based, participatory, multi-sectoral approaches.
- Common models include Tannahill's which incorporates health education, prevention, and protection.
- Activities can target populations, lifestyles, environments and include education, policy, community development.
- Stakeholders have roles in building healthy public policy, supportive environments, skills and reorienting services.
- Evaluation assesses
This document outlines key concepts related to health promotion including definitions, approaches, models, activities, principles, and examples of health promotion programs. It defines health promotion as a process that empowers communities and individuals to improve their health. Several approaches are discussed, including focusing on healthy populations, lifestyles, and environments. Models of health promotion include Tannahill's model and examples of community programs targeting preschools, schools, workplaces, and other groups are provided. The planning process and principles of health promotion are also summarized.
Health Promotion concepts focus on enabling people to increase control over their health through a combination of health education and healthy public policy. Governments have a responsibility to ensure environments are conducive to health. Health promotion aims to empower people through involvement in home, school, and community. It uses diverse strategies like education, legislation, and organizational change to impact behaviors, environments, and quality of life.
Social Determinates of Health-Nathan Ssekandi.pptxNathanMAJIDU
This document discusses a lecture on social determinants of health. It defines social determinants of health as the conditions where people live, learn, work and age that affect their health. These include cultural, socioeconomic, living/working conditions and social/community networks. The lecture emphasizes that health promotion must address the root social and environmental causes of poor health. Improving living standards, equitable access to resources, and measuring health inequities are key to promoting population health. The document provides examples of how policies, environment, gender and other social factors act as determinants of health conditions and outcomes.
This document outlines topics related to health promotion including definitions, approaches, models, activities, processes, responsibilities, principles, tools, and programs. It also discusses evaluation of health promotion programs and challenges. Key points include definitions of health promotion from WHO as a process of empowering communities to improve health, 5 approaches (healthy lifestyle, population, environment, settings), and examples of health promotion programs like those targeting students, workers, and communities.
This document discusses concepts related to health education. It defines health education as activities that occur in schools, workplaces, clinics and communities to promote topics like healthy eating, physical activity, and disease prevention. The document reviews theories of health education and outlines the abilities needed to practice it effectively. It also discusses the relationships between health education, health promotion, and other related concepts like health literacy. Finally, it defines key terms like health, lifestyle, and health promotion.
The document discusses the history and definitions of health promotion. It began in 1974 when Marc Lalonde introduced the term and it became an umbrella term for strategies to address wider health determinants. The Lalonde Report suggested healthcare was not the most important health determinant and there were four health fields - lifestyle, environment, healthcare organization, and human biology. Major health improvements would come from lifestyle, environment, and biology improvements. Health promotion aims to empower people to have more control over their health and lives. It moves beyond individual behaviors to social and environmental interventions.
The document discusses the relationship between health, work, and worklessness. Some key points:
- Over 74% of people are employed, and most adults spend 60% of their waking hours at work.
- Safe, healthy work is good for health while unemployment or dangerous work can harm health. However, health issues can also act as a barrier to employment.
- To improve adult health, workplaces must be made safe and health-promoting, and support must be provided to help individuals with health issues find and keep jobs.
- Multiple national and local policies aim to address issues around health, work, and worklessness through a coordinated, "whole system" approach.
Presentation health staff_wellness_call_01_16_08Neelam Upadhyay
The document discusses implementing a worksite wellness program, including defining health, wellness, and health education. It recommends choosing priorities like disease prevention, health promotion, health education, organizational norms, and environmental health. The document provides examples in each area and stresses developing a program that meets all employees' needs by considering their "stage of change". It concludes with 10 actions staff can take today to promote wellness.
Health promotion is directed at improving health through actions on determinants of health beyond just healthcare. It involves populations as a whole through education, policy, and environmental changes. Key principles include intersectoral collaboration between health and other sectors like education and agriculture. Health promotion aims to empower communities, create supportive environments, develop personal health skills, and form healthy public policy through multisectoral partnerships.
The document discusses global strategies for health promotion in the workplace. It outlines three key aspects: traditional occupational health focuses on minimizing job-related risks, health promotion promotes healthy behaviors among workers, and enterprise involvement in the community addresses broader social and environmental determinants of worker health. Workplace health programs coordinate health promotion and protection strategies through programs, policies, benefits, and links to the surrounding community to encourage employee health and safety.
This document provides an introduction to health promotion. It defines health according to the WHO as a state of complete physical, social, and mental well-being, not just the absence of disease. Health is influenced by individual behaviors as well as social and environmental factors. Health promotion aims to enable people to increase their control over their health through strategies like health education, policy changes, and community programs. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through regular physical activity, good nutrition, and stress management is important for long-term wellness.
The document discusses the core functions and disciplines of public health. It outlines 10 essential public health services including assessing population health status, investigating health problems, communicating health information, strengthening communities, creating health policies, utilizing legal actions, assuring access to care, building a skilled workforce, conducting research, and maintaining infrastructure. Some key disciplines are environmental health, epidemiology, biostatistics, health policy, and social and behavioral sciences. The document also discusses problems public health faces like responsibility, accountability, and determining health priorities.
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A ministry of health perspective mr peter ramkissoonslliim
The document discusses the legal framework around occupational diseases under the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Trinidad and Tobago. It examines the duty of medical practitioners to notify the Chief Medical Officer when they diagnose a patient with an occupational disease contracted at work. While doctors ordinarily have a duty of confidentiality towards patients, section 48(1) of the Act creates an exception that compels them to report occupational diseases. The document discusses complexities around when a doctor can be said to have reasonably formed an opinion and the types of workplaces and employment situations covered by the legislation.
Overview of occupational disease dr wayne ramloganslliim
A 25-year-old construction worker was diagnosed with acute lead poisoning from his work removing lead-based paint using a sander. An investigation found several employees performing similar work without adequate protective equipment or facilities. The employer failed to properly assess risks or control exposures as required by law. While the worker recovered with treatment, the case highlighted the need for national policies on occupational lead exposure and enforcement of international exposure limits.
Overview of occupational disease case studies dr. clint ramasirslliim
The document discusses occupational health issues such as hazards, risks, and common physical and psychosocial workplace stressors. It provides data on work-related illness prevalence rates and costs. Recommendations are provided for managing work-related stress and successfully facilitating returns to work for employees with mental health issues.
Occupational diseases pose a major global health issue, causing over 2 million deaths annually. Better data is needed to understand the scope and design effective prevention strategies. Key challenges to collecting occupational disease data include a lack of diagnostic capacity, limitations of legislation, and difficulties identifying diseases with long latency periods. Crucial steps to prevention include building capacity for recognition and reporting, improving data collection mechanisms, strengthening compensation schemes, integrating prevention into inspections, and engaging employers and workers in prevention efforts. More focus is still needed on raising awareness and developing effective systems for recording and preventing occupational diseases worldwide.
Ilo's approach & good practices dr yuka ujitaslliim
This document discusses health promotion in the workplace. It outlines the ILO's approach to integrating health promotion into occupational safety and health policies using a management systems approach. This includes identifying specific health problems, providing training and implementing actions, evaluating results, and broadening policies. The document provides examples of successful health promotion programs, including a 100-day challenge to stop tobacco use and control weight and a stretching exercise program that reduced back pain. Workplace health promotion aims to improve productivity, worker well-being, and reduce burdens on health systems.
Overview on hiv & aids in the workplace, advocacy & sustainability salim oc...slliim
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2. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
To:
•Explore the concept of Health Promotion
•Explore the rationale for health promotion
•Examine the relevance of the health
promotion approach in the workplace setting
3. WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION?WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION?
Health Promotion is based on a concept of health
as not merely the absence of disease, but complete
mental, physical, social and spiritual well-being
(WHO)
Health promotion is an approach that ‘enables
people, (individually and collectively), to take
increase control over and improve their health’
(WHO, 1986)
4. Health as:
A resource for living working,
learning, loving, etc
( A resource which gives people the ability to manage
and change their surroundings)
A positive concept
emphasizing social and personal
skills and resources as well as physical capacities. (Physical
capacities does not encompass key social and personal resources of people including
relational, learning, coping capabilities)
5. Health is created and lived by
people within the settings of their
everyday lives; where they live,
learn, work, play and love
6. Health Promotion is often
operationalised in different settings.
• School
• Community
• Workplace
• Health
• Institutions
Health Promotion in the workplace setting is
called Workplace Health Promotion (WHP)
WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION (WHP)WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION (WHP)
7. The Workplace Health Promotion approach will:
1. Target organisation culture and practices. These will
include changes in the organisational form as well as in
the quality of co-operation between executives and
employees (internal and external customers), and will
include health promoting processes (health beneficial
and health damaging processes)
“A healthy workplace is one in which workers and
managers collaborate to use a continual improvement
process to protect and promote the health, safety and
well-being of all workers and the sustainability of the
workplace by considering the following, based on identified needs:
- health and safety concerns in the physical work environment;
-health, safety and well-being concerns in the psychosocial work
environment including organization of work and workplace culture;
-personal health resources in the workplace; and ways of participating
in the community to improve the health of workers, their families and
other members of the community(PAHO/WHO).”
8. WHY Workplace Health Promotion?WHY Workplace Health Promotion?
Health is created and lived by people within the settings of
their everyday lives; where they live, learn, work, play and
love ….. This includes the workplace
Health of the workplace impacts the health of employees
Health of employees impacts the health of the workplace
Workplace health promotion creates the potential to
combine productivity and health in the workplace
9. Some Approaches to Workplace
Health Promotion
WHP as a component of Occupational Health
and Safety: Reduction and elimination of
physical risk factors in the workplace.
WHP as behavioural prevention in the
workplace: Widely practiced approach with a
focus on health education and behaviour
directed prevention programs in the work
place
Promotion & Education, Vol VI 1999/3
10. Some Approaches to Workplace
Health Promotion
WHP as a component of organisational
development strategy: Modern management
concepts eg. TQM approaches, emphasize the
function of human resources in order to realise
economic aims. WHP creates the necessary
pre-conditions for optimal creativity of
employees and production by employees
Promotion & Education, Vol VI 1999/3
11. Other Approaches to promoting healthOther Approaches to promoting health
in workplace settingsin workplace settings
• Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
• Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
• Onsite Health Centre/Nurse
• Gym and Wellness Centre
• Health Insurance
• Health Education
• Work-life Balance Support
• Health Fairs
12. Workplace Health PromotionWorkplace Health Promotion
PolicyPolicy
December 13th
,
Presented by: Yvonne Lewis
Director Health Education
Division
Ministry of Health
13. Health is:
A resource for living (working, learning, loving, etc)
A positive concept emphasizing social and personal
skills and resources as well as physical capacities
Not merely the absence of disease, but complete
mental, physical, social and spiritual well-being
(WHO)
What is Health Promotion?What is Health Promotion?
Health promotion is an approach that ‘enables people,
(individually and collectively), to take increased control
over and improve their health’ (WHO, 1986)
Health Promotion is a strategic objective of the
Ministry of Health , and an essential public health function
14. What is Workplace Health Promotion?What is Workplace Health Promotion?
Health Promotion is often operationalised in
different settings;
School
Community
Workplace
Health
Institutions
Health Promotion in the workplace setting is called
Workplace Health Promotion (WHP)
15. Why Workplace Health Promotion?Why Workplace Health Promotion?
Health is created and lived by people within
the settings of their everyday lives; where they
live, learn, work, play and love ….. This
includes the workplace
Health of the workplace impacts the health of
employees. Health of employees impacts the
health of the workplace – Is the workplace
supportive of workers achieving and
maintaining optimal well-being and
16. Why Workplace Health Promotion?Why Workplace Health Promotion?
Workplace health promoton creates the potential
to combine productivity and health in the
workplace
• A healthy lifestyle reduces the risk of negative
effects on the body.
– It is a promotive factor which enables people to
achieve optimal well-being, a resource for life
– It is a protective factor against the development
of negative health effects like chronic diseases.
17. Why Workplace Health Promotion?Why Workplace Health Promotion?
– It can help persons with illnesses
manage their disease and achieve
optimal well-being
– Workplace health promotion is a
component of occupational health and
responds to the MOH OSH Policy
Part 1-B (m)
“Promote good health and be concerned
with the prevention of occupational and
non-occupational disorders and diseases
through health counseling and education”
19. Context cont.’Context cont.’
Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases threaten both the
quality of life of individuals, the productivity of the
population and the economic viability of the nation.
Over the last twenty years, chronic diseases (heart
disease, cerebro-vascular diseases, diabetes, cancer) have
been the top four leading causes of deaths in Trinidad
and Tobago. Together, they account for over 60% of all
deaths.
20. RankRank Cause of DeathCause of Death No.No. % of Total% of Total
DeathsDeaths
Rate perRate per
100,000100,000
1 Heart Diseases 2,425 23.8 189.1
2 Diabetes Mellitus 1,427 14.0 111.3
3 Malignant Neoplasms 1,324 13.0 103.2
4 Cerebrovascular Disease 1,022 10.0 79.7
5 Accidents & Injuries 835 8.2 65.1
6 Respiratory Diseases 587 5.8 45.8
7 AIDS / HIV Disease 410 4.0 32.0
8 Digestive System
Diseases
333 3.3 26.0
9 Perinatal Period
Conditions
286 2.8 22.3
10 Genitourinary
Diseases
243 2.4 18.9
Total All Causes 10,206 100
Fig 1: Deaths and Death Rates for the Ten Leading causes by Rank
and % of Total Deaths, T&T, 2003
21. • Actions on the modifiable risk
factors and determinants of
NCDs
– behavioral risk factors
– Biological determinants
– environmental determinants and
global influences.
22. RISK FACTORS AND DETERMINANTS OF
CNCDs
Modifiable
Behavioral Risk
Factors
Modifiable
Biological Risk
Factors
Environmental
Determinants
Global
Influences
Tobacco use
Unhealthy diet
Physical
inactivity
Alcohol abuse
Overweight &
obesity
High cholesterol
levels
High blood sugar
High blood
pressure
Political, Social,
Economic, and
conditions
Physical
Infrastructure
Education
Environment
Access to health
Services and
Essential medicines
Globalization
Urbanization
Technology
Migration
23. The Goal Of The Workplace Health PromotionThe Goal Of The Workplace Health Promotion
Policy IsPolicy Is
• To develop a comprehensive, integrated
set of actions which enhances the health
of public sector employees, by creating a
supportive social and physical
environment in the workplace which make
health promoting behaviours and choices
relating to healthy eating and physical
activity, easier choices and promote
primary prevention of chronic diseases by
impacting on these two risk factors.
24. ObjectivesObjectives
To assist in the development of supportive workplace
environments and services which promote and enhance
the health and productivity of staff
To build personal health skills of employees and support
them to adopt health promoting behaviours with
emphasis on healthy eating, physical activity and
smoking cessation
To standardize guidelines for healthy eating at worksites
26. Healthy Eating in the WorkplaceHealthy Eating in the Workplace
Policy Guidelines:
Certified food handlers and food premise licensed
No food for meetings shorter than two (2) hours or
meetings held after lunch, or after supper hours.
Minimal amount of added fats and oils, low sodium
entrees, sauces and condiments
Safe, potable water made availabe to workers close to
their work stations
Nutritious and safe food and beverage choices should be provided
at all meetings, workshops, and other functions
sponsored by Government Ministries, Statutory bodies and agencie
27. Physical Activity in the WorkplacePhysical Activity in the Workplace
The ministry/agency shall create an
enabling environment that promotes and
encourages employee participation in regular,
moderate physical activity
28. Physical Activity in the Workplace con’t…Physical Activity in the Workplace con’t…
One or more active breaks shall be included in
meetings greater than two hours in length.
Each Ministry shall develop workplace based physical
activity programmes including, ‘Take the Stairs’
campaign, walking/hiking clubs, and recreational
sports.
Each Ministry/agency shall develop a workplace
wellness centre management
Health education material on nutrition, physical
activity and health shall be provided for all staff on an
ongoing basis, and health education seminars and
workshops shall be conducted at least once per quarter
29. Prepared by Yvonne Lewis. Director Health Education Division, Ministry of Health.
Trinidad and Tobago. May 2012
Healthy
Lifestyle
Passport
Check
Yourself
… Know
your
Numbers
30. Blood Glucose Summary Profile:
Approximately thirty percent
(30.3%), had blood glucose
levels within the range of
120-179mg/dL
which is within the
acceptable range for
postprandial screens (CHRC
2011).
However, just over thirteen
percent (13.4%) had levels
≥180 mg/dl indicating high
risk of being either pre-
diabetic or diabetic.
(Results detailed in Fig 2)
31. 5%
27.97% 30.51%
33.05%
3%
No.ofpeople
B.M.ILevels
Total PercentageBMI Levels of both Malesand
Females
BothMale andFemale
Body Mass Index Summary
Profile:
Approximately twenty-eight
percent (27.97%) of the
individuals screened had a
healthy weight which was a B.M.I
within the range of 18.5 to 24.9
Five percent (5%) of the
individuals screened had B.M.I
Levels which were in the
underweight range of less than
18.5.
Approximately two thirds of staff,
(66.6%) were overweight or
obese, with BMI levels
above 25, as detailed in Fig 3.
32.
33. The Cost of Chronic DiseaseThe Cost of Chronic Disease
is Mountingis Mounting
• In 2004 the public expenditure on drugs for the
treatment of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer,
hypertension was 34 million TTD (USD 5.4 million).
In 2009, that figure has more than tripled to 121.8
million TTD or 19.3 million USD.
• Over a six year period (2004-2009), public
expenditure on drugs for treatment of the following
CNCDs: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer,
hypertension, increased by over 250%.
34. The Cost of Chronic Disease isThe Cost of Chronic Disease is
MountingMounting
• Graph 1: Shows the Total Public Expenditure on
drugs for CNCDs (US$)
TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON DRUGS FOR CNCDS (US$$)
$5.4
$8.3
$9.2
$13.0
$17.7
$19.3
$0.0
$5.0
$10.0
$15.0
$20.0
$25.0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Years
USDollars
36. Some Major HealthSome Major Health
Issues Impacting theIssues Impacting the
Health of theHealth of the
Population in TrinidadPopulation in Trinidad
and Tobagoand Tobago
37. THE CHRONIC DISEASETHE CHRONIC DISEASE
CHALLENGE:CHALLENGE:
The five (5) leading causes of death in Trinidad andThe five (5) leading causes of death in Trinidad and
Tobagopercentage distribution, 2000 – 2006 (CentralTobagopercentage distribution, 2000 – 2006 (Central
Statistical Office)Statistical Office)
Rank 1980 1990 2000 2005
1 Heart disease Heart disease Heart disease Heart disease
2 Cerebrovascular
disease
Malignant
neoplasm
Malignant
neoplasm
Malignant
neoplasm
3 Malignant
neoplasm
Diabetes mellitus Diabetes
mellitus
Diabetes
mellitus
4 Respiratory
diseases
Cerebrovascular
disease
Cerebrovascular
disease
Accidents &
Injuries
5 Accidents/Injuri
es
Accidents&
Injuries
Accidents &
Injuries
Cerebrovascular
disease
38. THE CHRONIC DISEASETHE CHRONIC DISEASE
CHALLENGE:CHALLENGE:
The five (5) leading causes of death in Trinidad andThe five (5) leading causes of death in Trinidad and
Tobago percentage distribution, 2000 – 2006 (CentralTobago percentage distribution, 2000 – 2006 (Central
Statistical Office)Statistical Office)
Causes of Death 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Heart Disease 25.3 23.6 25.1 23.8 24.8 24.2 24.6
Malignant Neoplasms
(Cancers)
12.7 12.4 13.0 13.0 13.8 13.8 13.8
Diabetes 13.6 13.7 13.0 14.0 13.9 14.1 13.6
Cerebrovascular Disease
(Stroke)
10.1 10.0 10.4 10.0 9.6 9.1 9.0
Injuries and Accident 7.1 8.2 7.4 8.2 9.2 10.0 10.6
39. Trinidad and Tobago has one on the highestTrinidad and Tobago has one on the highest
mortality rates for Diabetes in the Caribbeanmortality rates for Diabetes in the Caribbean
PAHO Basic Health Indicators 2009
DM - diabetes; IHD – Heart disease; CVA - stroke
Adjusted Mortality Rates /100,000, Selected CARICOM countries
vs. Canada 2003 - 2005
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Trinidad & Tobago Guyana Suriname Bahamas Canada
DM IHD CVA
40. From the Office of Yvonne Lewis.
Director Health Education Division
0
10
20
30
40
50
60Prevalence(%)
1970s 1980s 1990s
YEARS
Trends in Adult Overweight/Obesity
in the Caribbean
Male
Female
41. From the Office of Yvonne Lewis.
Director Health Education Division
Leading Causes of Death in CARICOM
Countries by Sex, 2004
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancers
3. Injuries and violence
4. Stroke
5. Diabetes
6. HIV/AIDS
7. Hypertension
8. Influenza/pneumonia
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancers
3. Diabetes
4. Stroke
5. Hypertension
6. HIV/AIDS
7. Influenza/pneumonia
8. Injuries and violence
MALES FEMALES
(Source: CAREC, based on country mortality reports)
42. The Top five Causes ofThe Top five Causes of
Mortality in Trinidad andMortality in Trinidad and
Tobago (2009)Tobago (2009)
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Accidents and Injuries
• Cerbrovascular disease
43. The Chronic DiseaseThe Chronic Disease
ChallengeChallenge
• Heart disease is the #1 cause of death in Trinidad and
Tobago accounting for a quarter (25%) of all deaths.
• The diabetes prevalence rate is approximately 12%-13%
• Taken together, heart disease, cancer, diabetes and
cerebrovascular disease, account for over 60% of all
deaths
44. THE DECLARATION OF PORT OF SPAINTHE DECLARATION OF PORT OF SPAIN
CALLED FOR CRITICAL ACTIONS ON THECALLED FOR CRITICAL ACTIONS ON THE
RISK FACTORS OF CNCDsRISK FACTORS OF CNCDs
• Actions on the modifiable risk factors
and determinants of NCDs
– behavioral risk factors
– Biological determinants
– environmental determinants and global
influences.
45. Adoption of healthy lifestyles is not only dependent
on an individual’s choice… but on the capacity of
that person to make and implement that choice.
Behaviour and lifestyle are embedded in the social
and economic context in which people live.
Health promotion recognizes that the determinants
of health are varied. They go beyond lifestyles and
disease prevention and include peace, shelter,
education,food, income, equity, sustainable
resources.
46. HEALTH
PROMOTION
ACTION
CARIBBEAN CHARTER FOR HEALTHCARIBBEAN CHARTER FOR HEALTH
PROMOTION STRATEGIESPROMOTION STRATEGIES
REORIENTING
HEALTH
SERVICES
FORMULATING HEALTHY
PUBLIC POLICY
CREATING
SUPPORTIVE
ENVIRONMENT
S
EMPOWERING
COMMUNITIES TO
ACHIEVE WELLBEING
DEVELOPING AND
INCREASING
PERSONAL HEALTH
SKILLS
BUILDING ALLIANCES
WITH SPECIAL
EMPHASIS ON THE
MEDIA
47. Examples of:Examples of: Primary preventionPrimary prevention,,
Secondary preventionSecondary prevention, and, and Tertiary careTertiary care activitiesactivities
in a worksite setting.in a worksite setting.
Physical
exams
Health fair
Health
education
Fitness
activities
Health
screenings
Immunization
Safety
Precautions
Health risk
appraisal
Environmental
interventions
Case
management
Rehabilitation
Emergency responses
Source: Evaluating Worksite Health Promotion 2002, by David Chenoweth
48. Taken from Planning Health Promotion at the Worksite by D. Chenoweth, 1991, Dubique, IA: Brown and
Human Resources
Health Services
Medical Center
External Services
Psychological
Services
External Services
Referral
s Referrals
ReferralsReferrals
Referral
s
“Alcohol:
Everybody’s
Business”
Stress management
Referrals
Physical Fitness
Wellness Center
Weight control
Smoking Cessation
Nutrition
Evaluation
Referral
s
The Integrated Health Management Framework used at
the Adolph Coors Company
49. HEALTHFUL
WORKPLACE/HEALTHFUL
CORPORATE POLICIES
Short-term benefits
Improved well-being
Improved risk profile
JOHNSON & JOHNSON
EMPLOYEES
Slower increase in corporate
health benefit costs
Decrease in
absenteeism
Improved motivation, attitudes, and behaviour
Moderate risk reduction
Small decrease in health care
utilization
Improved corporate commitment
Long-term benefits
Improved corporate commitment
HEALTH RISK
APPRAISAL AND
LIFESTYLE EDUCATION
OTHER HEALTH PROMOTION
PROGRAMMING
The LIVE FOR LIFE Conceptualization of Program Effects
Taken from Worksite Health Promotion by Dr. David Chenoweth, 1998
50. Note. From “Control Data’s Staywell Program: A Health Cost Management Strategy” by W.S. Jose and D.R. Anderson
Perspectives in Behavioural Medicine: Health at Work by S.M. Weiss, J.E. Fielding, and A. Baum (Eds.), 1991
HEALTH PROGRAM
COMPONENTS
SUPPORTIVE
ENVIRONMENT
•WORK
•HOME
PROGRAM
PROMOTION
LOWER
RISK
FACTOR
S
LOWER
MORBIDITY
AND
MORTALIT
Y
BEHAVIOUR
CHANGE
HEALTH
KNOWLEDGE
ACQUISITIO
N
EMPLOYEE
BENEFITS:
• Reduced personal
health costs
• Improved quality of
life
• More energy and
vitality
HEALTH
ATTITUDE
CHANGE
HEALTH
SKILLS
ACQUISITIO
N
EMPLOYER
BENEFITS:
• Reduced health care
costs
• Reduced disability
costs
• Reduced absenteeism
• Reduced turnover
• Increases productivity
The Staywell process model
51. RISK FACTORS ANDRISK FACTORS AND
DETERMINANTS OF CNCDsDETERMINANTS OF CNCDs
Modifiable
Behavioral Risk
Factors
Modifiable
Biological Risk
Factors
Environmental
Determinants
Global
Influences
Tobacco use
Unhealthy diet
Physical
inactivity
Alcohol abuse
Overweight &
obesity
High cholesterol
levels
High blood sugar
High blood
pressure
Political, Social,
Economic, and
conditions
Physical
Infrastructure
Education
Environment
Access to health
Services and
Essential medicines
Globalization
Urbanization
Technology
Migration