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Industry Foundation
- 1. Industry (a) Study Figure 10, which shows the location of steel-making, a secondary industry in Great Britain in 2005. (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘secondary industry’? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) (ii) Using Figure 10, tick the correct box to show whether each the following statements is true or false.
- 2. Type of secondary industry ................................................................................................ 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ... 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ... (4 marks) (c) Study Figure 11, below, a photograph of the Cambridge Science Park. Figure 11 (i) Give two features of the layout of the Cambridge Science Park. 1 ......................................................................................................................................................................................
- 3. 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) (ii) Give two factors suggested by the photograph that might have been important in choosing the site of the Science Park. 1....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2....................................................................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) (iii) Give two advantages to a local area of the development of a Science Park. 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ... 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ... (2 marks) (a) Study Figure 12, which shows some of the factors affecting the location of industry. Describe how one or more of these factors have affected the location of some industry. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................
- 4. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) (e) (i) Give one way in which heavy industry may cause air pollution. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) (ii) Describe the effects of industrial pollution on either the land or the sea. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) (a) Study Figure 15, a table which gives information about three countries in the world. Complete the table to show which of the following types of country the figures refer to. LEDC NIC MEDC (2 marks) (b) Study Figure 16, which shows the Assisted Areas of Great Britain in 2000. These are areas which receive government aid.
- 5. (i) Give two facts about the distribution of Assisted Areas in Great Britain. 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ... 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ... (2 marks) (ii) Why does the government need to help industry in certain areas? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) (iii) Give two ways the government can encourage industry to set up in certain areas. 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ... 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ... (2 marks) (a) Industry is developing fast in countries such as India. Study Figures 17a and 17b showing resources and areas of heavy industry in the Indian state of Bihar.
- 6. (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘heavy industry’? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) (ii) Use Figures 17a and 17b to explain why this part of India became an important industrial area. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) (i) Study Figure 18, a systems diagram of one type of heavy industry.
- 7. Fill in the boxes to complete Figure 18, using the words and phrases below. Outputs Waste Processes Inputs (3 marks) (ii) Some areas of heavy industry are experiencing decline. Draw a line to join each feature of a heavy industrial area to a reason that may help to explain the decline. One has been done for you. Feature of a heavy industrial area
- 8. (d) Study Figure 19, which shows the changes in the share of world manufacturing industry in three types of country. (i) What share of the world’s manufacturing industry was found in MEDCs in 1985? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) (ii) What does the graph show about the changing share of manufacturing industry in the world? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................
- 9. (2 marks) (e) Study Figures 20a and 20b, which show how an old industrial site in the Midlands has been re-used. (i) What are the advantages of the changes that have been made to this old industrial site in the Midlands? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) (ii) There are many footloose industries in the industrial estate. What is the meaning of the term ‘footloose’? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) (a) Study Figure 12, advertisements for four different types of industry. Each advertisement has been given a letter.
- 10. (a) (i) Complete the table below by writing the letter of the advertisement in Figure 12 (A, B, C or D) against the correct type of industry. One has been done for you. (a) (ii) What is the meaning of the term ‘tertiary industry’? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) (a) (iii) One manufacturing industry is shown in Figure 12. Name and locate one other manufacturing industry within the United Kingdom.
- 11. Manufacturing industry ............................................................................................. Location in the United Kingdom .............................................................................. (2 marks) (b) Industry has developed rapidly in NICs. (i) What do the letters NIC stand for? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) (ii) The following factors were important for the development of industry in NICs. Give one reason why each of these factors is important for the development of industry in NICs. Low taxes and cheap loans ............................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... Long working hours ............................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... Investment by Transnational Corporations (TNCs) ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... Workers cannot go on strike ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) (i) Study Figure 13, a field sketch of an area of heavy industry where pollution is a problem.
- 12. Complete the table below by writing the letter of the picture in Figure 13 (A, B, C, D or E) against the correct cause of industrial pollution. One has been done for you. (a) (ii) Choose two of the letters from Figure 13. For each one chosen, describe what could be done to reduce the effects of industrial pollution in that area. Letter................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... Letter................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks)
- 13. (d) Describe the features of a manufacturing industry in the European Union (EU), other Than in the United Kingdom, that you have studied. You may use the headings, inputs, processes and outputs. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) (e) Explain the advantages for industry of locating in an area that has experienced industrial decline. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................