The document discusses various facility layout configurations, including product, process, U-shaped, cellular, and fixed position layouts, along with their advantages and limitations. It emphasizes the importance of layout designs on operational efficiency and cost, highlighting scheduling methods like First Come First Serve (FCFS), Shortest Processing Time (SPT), and Earliest Due Date (EDD) for job processing. Additionally, it analyzes flow time and delays for different scheduling techniques, providing comparative data on performance.

1. Facility Layout
Configuration of departments, work centres and equipment, with
particular emphasis on movement of work through the system
Two basic types of layout:
• Product
• Process
• Require substantial investment of money & effort
• Involve long term commitment
• Have significant impact on the cost and efficiency of operations
Why Important?

2. Product Layout
The work is divided into a series of standardized tasks,
permitting specialization of both labor and equipment
Facility Layout
Layout that uses standardized processing operations
to achieve smooth, rapid, high volume flow

3. Advantages
• High rates of output
• Low unit cost due to high volume
• Low material handling cost per unit
• High utilization of labor & equipment
Limitations
• Repetitive work – boring & fatigue
• System is fairly inflexible
• System is highly susceptible to breakdown
Facility Layout

4. U-shaped Layouts
• Compact
• Increased communication
• Flexibility in work
Facility Layout

5. Process Layout
Designed to process items or provide services that involve a
variety of processing requirements
Items are frequently moved in batches to the departments
in a sequence that varies from job to job
Layout features functional grouping where similar kinds of
activities are performed
X-ray ECG
Pathology
Ultrasound
Facility Layout

6. Advantages
• Can handle a variety of processing requirements
• Not particularly vulnerable to equipment failures
• General-purpose equipment is easier to maintain
Limitations
• High inventory costs for batch processing
• Routing & scheduling pose continual challenges
• Equipment utilization rates are low
• Slow material handling –also inefficient
Facility Layout

7. X-ray ECG
Pathology
Ultrasound
Facility Layout
X-ray
ECG
Pathology
Ultrasound
Cell 1: X-ray, Ultrasound, Pathology
Cell 2: X-ray, ECG
Cell 3: Ultrasound, Pathology
Cell 4: X-ray, ECG, Pathology
Cell 1 Cell 2
Cell 3 Cell 4

8. Cells are miniature versions of Product/Process layout
Groupings are determined by operations needed to
perform work for a set of similar items
Facility Layout
Cell 1 Cell 2
Cell 4
Cell 3
X-ray
ECG
Pathology
Ultrasound
Cellular Layout
Machines are grouped into cells

9. Fixed Position Layout
The items being worked on remains stationary, and
workers, material and equipment are moved about
Facility Layout
Weight, size, bulk or some other factor makes it
undesirable or extremely difficult to move the product

10. Scheduling
Job Processing Time (days) Due Date (days)
A
B
C
D
E
F
2
8
4
10
5
12
7
16
4
17
15
18

11. Scheduling
First Come First Serve (FCFS)
Job
Processing
Time (days)
Due Date
(days)
A
B
C
D
E
F
2
8
4
10
5
12
7
16
4
17
15
18
Flow Time Delay
2
10
14
24
29
41
0
0
10
7
14
23
120 54

12. Scheduling
Job Processing Time (days) Due Date (days)
A
B
C
D
E
F
2
8
4
10
5
12
7
16
4
17
15
18

13. Scheduling
Shortest Processing Time (SPT)
Job
Processing
Time (days)
Due Date
(days)
A
B
C
D
E
F
2
8
4
10
5
12
7
16
4
17
15
18
Flow Time Delay
2
19
6
29
11
41
0
3
2
12
0
23
108 40

14. Scheduling
Job Processing Time (days) Due Date (days)
A
B
C
D
E
F
2
8
4
10
5
12
7
16
4
17
15
18

15. Scheduling
Earliest Due Date (EDD)
Job
Processing
Time (days)
Due Date
(days)
A
B
C
D
E
F
2
8
4
10
5
12
7
16
4
17
15
18
Flow Time Delay
6
19
4
29
11
41
0
3
0
12
0
23
110 38

16. Scheduling
Comparison
Total Flow Time
Total Delay
120 108 110
54 40 38
Criteria
Techniques
FCFS SPT EDD
Av Flow Time 20 18 18.33
Average Delay 9 6.67 6.33

17. Scheduling
Job
Processing Time (days)
Station 2
A
B
C
D
E
F
5
4
8
2
6
12
5
3
9
7
8
15
Station 1
Johnson’s Rule: n jobs 2 machines
WS1 WS2

18. Scheduling
Station 1
Station 2
F B
C
D A E
F B
C
D A E
Johnson’s Rule: n jobs 2 machines