This document outlines an induction training programme on various topics related to poultry production over 3 days. The first day will focus on the importance and role of the liver in poultry, effects of mycotoxins, and the role of stress. The second day will cover the role of methionine and choline in feed and a product called Spirumax. Each topic is allotted a time slot between 30-60 minutes and will include discussions of the topic, functions, effects, and management approaches. The document provides detailed notes on the liver presentation covering its functions including metabolism, storage, secretion, detoxification, signs of damage, and ways to strengthen it.

1. WelcomeTo Induction Training Programme

2. Presentation Plan Importance and Role of Liver in Poultry Effect of Mycotoxins in Poultry Production Role of Stress in Poultry Role of Methionine and Choline in Poultry Feed Spirumax – Bridging the missing links in poultry production 30 min Day 1 45 min 60 min Day 2 30 min 30 min Day 3

3. Importance and role of Liver in Poultry Presentation Plan – Total 30 Mins What is Liver – 5 Min Why is it important – 5 Min Functions of Liver – 10 Mins Liver is Prone to assault – 5 Min How damaged Liver Look Like? – 2 Mins How to make Liver Strong for better productivity – 2 Mins

4. Importance and Role of Liver in Poultry Liver is an important organ Responsible to manage more than 500 functions All the metabolic reactions inside the body is directly or indirectly linked with liver Works as Store keeper, Transport Manager and Police also..

5. Functions of Liver Synthesis/Secretion/Storage – Bile, Serum Proteins, Fat Soluble Vit (KEDAF) Detoxification - Expels toxins, drugs Metabolism – Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipids Remember SDM Its chief digestive function is the secretion of bile, a solution critical to fat emulsion and absorption

6. Functions of Liver Contd.. Secretion Secretes BILE Juice (Bile Salts, Bile Pigments) Two Important Functions Assist in digestion and absorption of FAT Removes some of waste substance through excretion LIPASA ACTIVITY Large FAT Bile Small FAT Smaller FAT

7. Functions of Liver Contd..Detoxification Almost all feed ingredients contains some amount of anti-nutritional substances/harmful substances/chemical toxins Liver saves the body from their harmful effects Neutralization/Excretion

9. Transforms carbohydrate or non-carbohydrate to glucose which finally converted and stores as glycogen in liver

10. Protein :

11. Helps in metabolism of proteins (Like in Soya) which yield different amino acids, removes and excretes out harmful uric acids

12. Fat :

15. How damaged liver look like? When liver is damage for any reason – its color, toxicity, shape, weight and texture would change. Yellow or red spot may be present in this. Damaged liver may be rubber like or fragile External manifestation of damaged liver? Loss in Weight, Decrease in egg production, Shrinkage and darkening of combs, wet droppings having feed particles

16. How to make liver strong for better productivity Any Kind of Vaccination puts burden on Liver Testing of feed ingredient for mycotoxin or other toxins is required, use good quality of toxin binders Use antibiotic for curative purpose only, preventive doses are just wastage Always use liver tonics which can ensure hepato generation/hepato-stimulation

17. Points You Should Remember Liver is one of most important organ for productivity and its efficiency determines the conversion values Liver secretes bile juice which is essential for fat emulsification (Breaking down of fat) and further metabolism Liver continuously renders expels toxin out of the body and saves from associated losses. Productivity of Bird is linked with its well being

18. Review/Questions

19. Effect of Mycotoxins in Poultry Production Presentation Plan – Total 45 Mins What is Mycotoxin – 5 Mins Why is it important – 5 Mins Types of Mycotoxins – 10 Mins Effects of Mycotoxins in Poultry Production – 10 Mins Various Approaches to Mycotoxin management – 15 Mins

21. Toxin – Poison

22. Mycotoxin produced by Fungi, harmful to man and poultry.

23. Story of Mycotoxin

24. Death of 100 K Turkey poults in UK in 1960

25. Due to ingestion of feed containing brazilian GN Cake.

26. Led to discovery of Aflatoxins (Afla – Aspergillus Flavus)

28. Type of Mycotoxins

29. Mycotoxin effect mechanism Mycotoxin exert their effect through Four Primary mechanism Intake reduction or feed refusal Alteration in nutrient absorption and metabolism Effect on the endocrine and exocrine system Suppresion of the Immune system

31. Effect of Mycotoxin on Immunity Mycotoxin causes cellular depletion of lymphoid organs and Interferes the protein synthesis It is the principle cause of immune suppression To maintain immune response in the body, bird needs a higher protein synthesis which is not possible so immune system fails In the field, presence of mycotoxicosis could reduce vaccine efficiency

33. They impair immune system & decrease growth performance.

35. Interactive Factors

36. Conventional Practice Use of Mycotoxin Binder – Mostly bind Polar Mycotoxins Use of Mycotoxin Deactivator – Deactivates the toxic metabolites of mycotoxins

37. Managing Conventional mycotoxin with conventional Binders Trichothecens Aflatoxin (-) Ochratoxins Zon Electrically Charged Absorbent Vitamin

39. Reversible Binding

40. Nutrient binding

41. Effectiveness limitedAn integrated solution must combine different strategies to address the substantial risk of Mycotoxins in poultry feed. Unstable…

42. Comprehensive solution to Multiple Mycotoxin Menace T-2 OTA AFLATOXINS ZEARALENONE TRICOTHECENE FUMONISIN Efficient Binding Mold Inhibition Bioneutralization Chemosorption

43. MAKE THE FEED 100% SAFE WITH ……… ?

44. Effect of Stress in Poultry Presentation Plan – 60 Mins What is Stress – 5 Mins Various Types of Stress – 10 Mins What Stress does – 5 Mins What is the effect of Stress on poultry productivity - 10 Mins Approaches to minimize impact of stress on poultry productivity – 10 Mins

45. What is Stress Stress in general islooked upon as a symptom resulting from exposure of an animalto a hostile environment. External Forces tends to displace Homeostasis Birds adapts to new to forces either beneficial or detrimental to man’s interest It is important to avoid the detrimental adaptation and capitalize on the advantageous ones.

46. Types of Stress Stressors can be grouped as Climate (Heat & Cold) Environment (Light & Dark) Nutritional Physiological Disease Rapid Growth & High Egg Production pressure also source of stress

47. Stress – Common form Heat Stress - Any extremities in temperature Overcrowding – Fighting for space Moving – Hatchery to farm etc Vaccination Poor Nutrition Parasites Physical Disturbances

48. Environmental stress Handling stress Vaccination stress Transportation stress Production stress Disease stress

49. What Stress Does Stressor response is an alarm reaction Involves nervous system and increased output of adrenaline Increases heart rate Shunting of blood from the skin and muscle to viscera Classic Fight or Flight Response Increased Plasma Corticosterone Immunosuppression Production of Free radicals viz Lipid Peroxides, Hydrogen Peroxide, Superoxide radicals Changes in growth hormones etc.

50. Remember Stress Immuno Suppression Free Radical Production Cortical Level elevation O2 1 4 2 3 5 Normal Membrane

51. Stress on Poultry Productivity Chicken are selected to have genetic potential for rapid growth and efficient feed utilization Genetic potential is also prone to stress factors Stress reduces the ability of the bird to express their full genetic capabilities That translates into…

52. Stress in poultry Productivity Mortality Poor Hatchability and Fertility In Breeder Flock Immuno Suppression Poor Growth & Performance Poor Vaccination Response

53. Approaches to Minimize impact of Stress Stress is inseparable part of poultry operation but can be minimized through Better Management Providing Least discomfort Increase threshold for stress alarming reaction / Decrease level of Cortisol in Blood Immunostimulation and free radical control

54. Questions ?

55. Make a decision…